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Treatise Online no. 188: Part R, Revised, Volume 1, Late Cretaceous Decapod Faunas from Lebanon
No full textUse of Case Studies in Montessori Leadership Preparation Programs
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact and relevance of the use of case studies as a teaching and learning tool in Montessori leadership programs. Frequently used as learning tools in educational leadership preparation programs, selected case studies were limited to those in Montessori leadership and language. Surveys and interviews with graduate students and program faculty were conducted to understand the relevance of case studies in coursework and to provide implications for further refinement of their use. Results suggest certain elements of case studies can enhance learning theory and serve as springboards to practice. Maria Montessori advocated for reflective practice; therefore, we are extrapolating that case studies may be a powerful and effective connection of scholarly study of theory to classroom practice. However, these benefits may not be well-clarified or highly valued in Montessori leadership coursework. With use of case studies in Montessori leadership coursework, an opportunity exists for faculty to reflect on strategies for using case studies and best practices. Content specific to Montessori settings may further support the usefulness and effectiveness of case studies and their impacts on student learning in Montessori leadership programs
Field+Genomics Workshop: an initiative to build Nanopore sequencing capacity in field-based host-pathogen research
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Wildlife disease surveillance has received considerable attention following recent emergence of high-consequence zoonotic pathogens in humans. Increased portability and affordability of sequencing technologies over the last decade have made real-time sequencing of wild animals and their pathogens a reality. Wildlife samples screened for pathogens, however, are rarely permanently archived in museum biorepositories, which limits potential for scientific validation and prevents extension by related disciplines (e.g., ecology, evolution, conservation). To better connect biodiversity and biomedical sciences, the Museums and Emerging Pathogens in the Americas (MEPA) network developed the Field+Genomics Workshop to build capacity for surveillance of wildlife and their pathogens in biodiverse countries. Here, we share workshop resources, in English and Spanish, to facilitate reproducibility and expansion of the workshop into the future. The workshop lasted 10 days, 6 days of fieldwork and 4 days of molecular lab and bioinformatic techniques. The field component emphasized the importance of holistic collecting—that is, permanently preserving many parts and symbionts from each sampled organism—as a critical step in wildlife and pathogen surveillance and to build foundational scientific infrastructure. The molecular component of the workshop used samples collected during the field portion to identify hosts and pathogens in real-time. For this component, we trained participants in methods of DNA extraction, library preparation, and Nanopore Adaptive Sampling (a software feature for real-time selective enrichment or depletion of target sequences). Bioinformatic training consisted of a basic introduction to computational genomics, a worked example to analyze a small sequence dataset, and an exercise using data generated from samples collected during the workshop. In total, the workshop cost ~3K per participant), however, ~25% of those funds are invested in basic equipment and infrastructure that is reusable in future workshops (e.g., sequencer, computer, etc.). This workshop highlights the effort and expertise required to conduct voucher-backed surveillance of wildlife and their pathogens and the many benefits of uniting biodiversity and biomedical sciences to build local capacity
letsRept: An R package to access the Global Reptile Database and facilitate taxonomic harmonization
Get PDFTaxonomy is a highly dynamic science upon which most biodiversity studies rely. Constant revisions of species delimitation hypotheses, using ever-growing amounts of data and tools cause species numbers and identities to continuously and rapidly change. Reptiles are the most species rich terrestrial vertebrate group and are amongst the most threatened and least known vertebrate taxa, representing nearly half of all data deficient terrestrial vertebrate species. Every year hundreds of new species are described and dozens are revised, resulting in synonymizations, splittings, generic reassignments, or elevation from synonymy or from subspecies into species status. The nomenclature of this group is therefore highly dynamic and consequently, to integrate available reptile datasets generally requires extensive nomenclature review, especially for broad scale analyses. letsRept is a new R package that integrates the Reptile Database – the best curated and reliable global taxonomic reference for reptiles – into the R programming environment. Its main functions allow users to retrieve the most up-to-date taxonomic information in real time, to compare lists of species names to current nomenclature, and to detect names that have been changed by either lumping or splitting, all through web scraping techniques. Additional functions allow to produce quick taxonomic summaries, access species accounts, retrieve full reference lists and more. By permitting to embed the Reptile Database directly into R workflows, the letsRept package improves the integration of datasets from different sources, with authoritative taxonomy, reducing data loss due to nomenclature mismatch and improving the consistency in biodiversity analyses
Ķencis, Toms, Simon J. Bronner, Elo-Hanna Seljamaa, eds. Folklore and Ethnology in the Soviet Western Borderlands: Socialist in Form, Nationalist in Content
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Chronic Suicidality in Youth Admitted for Mental Health Emergencies: A Retrospective Chart Review
Get PDFIntroduction. Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth in the United States. Most youth who attempt suicide have underlying mental health disorders, which account for approximately 10% of pediatric hospitalizations. Researchers hypothesized that children with chronic suicidality (CS) have more suicide-related risk factors, attempt suicide with greater lethality, and have more pre-existing mental health diagnoses compared to those without chronic suicidality (Non-CS).
Methods. The study team reviewed pediatric hospitalizations related to suicide at Wesley Medical Center from 2016 to 2021. CS was defined as a reported history of, or prior hospitalization for, suicide-related behavior. The severity of suicidal ideation/behavior and actual lethality or medical damage was measured using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS).
Results. Of 375 patients, 253 were classified as CS and 122 as Non-CS. Age and race distributions were similar between groups. Females were more likely to have CS (p = 0.0006). Patients with CS were more often admitted for suicide attempts rather than non-suicidal self-injury (p = 0.0171). No significant differences were found in method or lethality of attempts.Patients with CS experienced more peer stress, abuse, legal problems, and job-related issues (all p <0.05). No differences were observed in other stressors. CS patients had more prior mental health treatment (p <0.0001) and were more frequently discharged to inpatient mental health care (p <0.0001).
Conclusions. Female gender and psychosocial stressors were associated with increased risk of chronic suicidality in youth. Early identification of these factors may enable earlier interventions to prevent suicide-related behaviors
Contraceptive Knowledge and Counseling among OB-GYN and Family Medicine Physicians
Get PDFIntroduction. Few studies have examined contraceptive knowledge and counseling confidence among primary care residents and physicians. Authors of this study evaluated education, knowledge, and counseling practices related to contraception among physicians in obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) and family medicine (FM).
Methods. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, current OB-GYN and FM residents, as well as program graduates from the past five years at a single institution, were surveyed. The survey assessed demographics, contraception knowledge, provider confidence, counseling practices, and procedural experience. Responses were included in the analysis if at least one knowledge question was completed.
Results. The final analysis included 45 respondents (8% response rate): 33.3% (n = 15) from FM and 66.7% (n = 30) from OB-GYN. Average knowledge scores did not differ significantly between FM (60%, 12/20) and OB-GYN physicians (70%, 14/20). Attending physicians’ average scores were significantly higher (85%, 17/20) than residents (60%, 12/20; p = 0.0014). Most respondents (97.8%, n = 44) reported feeling comfortable counseling patients, and 93.3% (n = 42) felt comfortable performing procedures and prescribing contraceptives. OB-GYN physicians reported greater comfort placing levonorgestrel and Paragard® intrauterine devices (IUDs) than FM physicians (93%, n = 14 vs. 61%, n = 11; p = 0.040). More OB-GYN physicians (6.7%, n = 3) reported performing over 80 Nexplanon® insertions compared to FM physicians (0.0%, n = 0; p <0.0001).
Conclusions. Contraceptive knowledge did not differ significantly between OB-GYN and FM physicians. However, advanced training was associated with greater comfort in both prescribing and performing contraceptive procedures
