Ateneo de Manila University: Journals Online
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¿Los hombres verdes son de Venus?
No full textA consistent finding in sustainability research is that women are eco-friendlier than men, a gap usually ascribed to differences in socialization. Our research explored a corollary process—the cognitive association of environmentalism with femininity along with the consequent negative responses of men that arise from their efforts to safeguard their masculine identity. Two studies replicated the recent discovery (Brough et al., 2016) of a mental association between environmentalism and femininity (for both men and women) and the consequent reduction in the effectiveness of conventional environmental appeals to men. This research also investigated two approaches for overcoming the effects of the implicit association of sustainability with femininity. The first considered that well-learned reflective knowledge structures about advertising or about sustainability might mitigate the resistance of men to environmental appeals. We tested whether established measures of advertising skepticism (Study 1) or sustainability literacy (Studies 1 and 2) would moderate these consequences of the green-feminine association. Whereas skepticism moderated these effects, sustainability literacy did not. The second approach for offsetting the association between sustainability and femininity was to create an environmental appeal with distinctly masculine brand-positioning elements. Two versions of an environmental appeal with different brand elements were produced—one masculine and the other feminine (Study 2). While men and women were equally responsive to the masculine brand positioning, the most positive responses were from women toward the feminine positioning. Collectively, these results corroborate the green-feminine association and demonstrate the moderating role of advertising skepticism. Furthermore, although higher sustainability literacy resulted in more pro-environmental behavior in general, it did not moderate downstream effects of the implicit green-feminine association. Un resultado consistente en las investigaciones de sostenibilidad es que las mujeres son más ecológicas que los hombres, una brecha normalmente explicada por las diferencias en la socialización. Nuestro estudio exploró entonces un proceso corolario – la asociación cognitiva del ecologismo con la feminidad junto con las respuestas negativas consecuentes por parte de los hombres que surgen de sus esfuerzos en proteger su masculinidad. Dos estudios duplican el descubrimiento reciente – la asociación cognitiva entre el ecologismo y la feminidad (tanto para los hombres como para las mujeres) y la disminución consecuente en la eficacia de los atractivos ambientales convencionales a los hombres. Este estudio investigó también dos enfoques para superar los efectos de la supuesta asociación implícita de la sostenibilidad a la feminidad. El primero toma en cuenta que las estructuras de conocimiento reflexivo y bien aprendido sobre la publicidad o la sostenibilidad pueden mitigar la resistencia de los hombres a los atractivos ambientales. Probamos las medidas establecidas para ver si el escepticismo publicitario (Estudio 1) o el conocimiento de la sostenibilidad (Estudios 1 & 2) suavizaría estas consecuencias de la asociación ecológica-femenina. Mientras que el escepticismo suavizaba estos efectos, el conocimiento de la sostenibilidad no lo hizo. El segundo enfoque para mitigar la asociación entre la sostenibilidad y la feminidad era crear una atracción al medioambiente con un posicionamiento de marca bien masculino. Se produjeron dos versiones de un atractivo ambiental – uno masculino y otro femenino (Estudio 2). Mientras que los hombres y las mujeres respondieron al posicionamiento de marca masculino, las reacciones más positivas vinieron de las mujeres hacia un posicionamiento femenino. Juntos, estos resultados confirman la asociación ecológicafemenina y muestran la función suavizante del escepticismo publicitario. Además, aunque un mejor conocimiento de la sostenibilidad resultó en un comportamiento más proambiental en general, no suavizó los efectos de la asociación ecológica – femenina implícita
Sustainability Vision and Practice: The Apparent Gap Between Corporate Leaders’ Pronouncements and the Perceptions of Polish and U.S. MBA Students from Three Universities.
Get PDFThis study focuses on the CEO-asserted critical need for sustainability in corporate strategy and MBA student perceptions of the extent to which their respective programs prepare them to handle sustainability challenges successfully. Students in one Polish and two U.S. mid-tier MBA programs were surveyed regarding their perceptions of four issues:1) the link between sustainability practices and corporate performance;2) the barriers to embedding sustainability practices in their current job;3) the effects of being a sustainability advocate on their careers; and 4) the efficacy of their MBA programs in fostering leadership perspectives and skills related to sustainability. While students generally agreed on the positive link between sustainability practices and performance, they differed on the other issues. The study discusses the implications of these findings for faculty members who want to close the gap between what CEOs say they need from graduates related to sustainability vis-à-vis the ability of current MBA programs to fulfill that need
Culture as Contradiction in Urban Regeneration: Sanitization, Commodification and Critical Resistance in Liverpool One
Get PDFThis essay uses critiques of the homogenization of urban regeneration practices over recent decades to examine Liverpool ONE (L1), a privately owned, open-air retail develoment in the center of the historic city. The argument considers the role of a particular concept of culture in enabling major projects, which frequently involve the conversion of public resources into private assets, to be projected in a benign light. Countering this trend is a core mission for New York-based activist artist, Reverend Billy and his Church of Stop Shopping Choir; an inspiration to young artists in Liverpool. Since opening, L1 has functioned as a focal point for critical cultural interventions, whereby artists draw attention to the enclosure of urban democracy that results from the corporate takeover of established commercial streets. This essay examines two interventionist projects which deployed the potential of performance to critique Liverpool ONE: Duke Aid, executed by undergraduate performing arts students from Liverpool Hope University (2009), and Ghost Town (Liverpool Gothic Festival, 2013), written and performed by Alice Colquhoun and Izzy Major
Between Technological Advancement and Protectionism: The Bumpy Evolution from MP3 Players to Smartphones in Korea
Get PDFIn recent years, K-pop or Korean popular songs have enjoyed immense popularity around the world. However, the situation was very different before the mid-2000s when the industry was suffering from widespread piracy of its music. Furthermore, the emergence of the MP3 phone in the early 2000s provoked two critical conflicts. One was between the producers of the MP3 phone who were large conglomerates and the manufacturers of the standalone MP3 player who were smaller companies that feared for their future. The other conflict was between the producers of the MP3 phone and the Korean music industry who believed this new device would hinder their development.Given the current global popularity of K-pop, it is meaningful to analyze the position and rationale of these players at the time and their consequences. In brief, protecting existing industries hindered the corporate and industrial adaptions in the global competition and held back the momentum to explore innovation and a new business model. First, the MP3 player manufacturers encountered serious financial and managerial problems and even went into bankruptcy because they were too slow in pursuing change. Second, the Korean conglomerates were late in producing a new digital device, the smartphone, and entering its growing market. Third, the Korean music industry was able to survive but only because entertainment companies have adopted a new business model that generated alternative sources of earnings. This paper demonstrates the importance of having a broader view and recognition of industrial dynamics in formulating effective policies
Does Copyright Help or Harm Cultural Diversity in the Digital Age?
Get PDFDoes copyright advance cultural diversity or inhibit it? Some blame copyright for fostering a global monoculture. Others contend that copyright enhances diversity by encouraging originality. Similarly opposing narratives exist regarding piracy: Some see piracy as an existential threat that will cripple cultural production; others argue piracy expands markets and exposes audiences to diverse content. This article reviews both theoretical and empirical literature on copyright’s effects and on the conditions arising in copyright’s absence. It argues that a regime of modest copyright protection, with appropriately tailored limitations, is likely to prove most conducive to copyright diversity. The article concludes with a call to make the copyright system more hospitable to a particular source of cultural diversity: creative upstarts, a diverse class of creators who operate outside of the mainstream content industries
Caught in the Flash: Visual Subjects of American Imperialism at the Battle of Caloocan
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the revolutionary use of photojournalism in Leslie’s Weekly and Harper’s Weekly from 1899 to 1901 during the Philippine- American War, in particular at the Battle of Caloocan.1 I discuss the context of visual journalism and social realism from the Civil War to the 1890s as well as the shift from caricature illustrations to realism in photography and articles. I trace the “commodity racism” involved in American consumerism during the Philippine-American War that paralleled the voyeuristic consumption of the Filipino dead and the development of a gendered and classed American nationalism. As American culture shifted more towards a focus on the individual and personhood in amateur photography and social realism, Filipino bodies were nevertheless treated as objects and trophies of war and caricatured as savages in visual representations
Assessing the Impact of Protectionism Upon the Performance of Actors: The Case of the French and Korean Film Industries
Get PDFThe film industry has received increasing attention due to social, cultural, and economic reasons. Consequently, many countries have introduced various measures to protect and promote it, particularly through the use of subsidies. So far, many works have focused on how protectionism affects the film industry with focus on production and consumption. In this regard, this paper focuses on the impact of protectionism upon the performance of actors by comparing the French and Korean film industries, which has been less studied. This paper reveals three interesting points that should be carefully considered in order to make effective policies for the film industry. First, subsidies to protect the film industry increase the performance fee of actors since part of the subsidies goes to them. Second, direct subsidies that are distributed to the director also distort the film producing structure by increasing the number of actor-directors. Third, subsidies for international co-production increase the number of actors who collaborate with international producers
Educar para una actitud de sostenibilidad
No full textOrganizations around the world have become increasingly concerned about managing for sustainability, yet undergraduate education about sustainability often presents the challenge of dealing with students equipped with a modest understanding of business and sustainability issues and whose awareness is sometimes politicized. Traditional-aged students are at a stage where they derive their own worldview on many subjects, including their place in a broader world. As such, equipping them to be useful professionals for the future, or even to specialize in sustainability- oriented careers, requires raising their awareness of the global situation in environmental, societal, political, and business terms. A curriculum must get them acquainted with what is needed for the world to reach a more fruitful future as well as with strategies the business sector can pursue to accomplish such an objective. More importantly, however, it should elicit a new worldview about sustainability and, even more profoundly, a deeply felt mindset embracing one’s purpose, feelings, and identity. This article thus proposes a means by which students can embody the ability and confidence to make an appreciable impact toward a sustainable planet.Las organizaciones alrededor del mundo se están preocupando cada vez más de la gestión para la sostenibilidad, sin embargo, en los estudios de grado sobre la sostenibilidad, se presenta a menudo el desafío de trabajar con alumnos con poco entendimiento de los asuntos de negocio y sostenibilidad y con un conocimiento politizado a veces. Los alumnos en una edad tradicional se encuentran en una etapa donde tienen su propia manera de ver muchos asuntos, incluso su lugar en un mundo más amplio. Así, al formarles para ser profesionales útiles en el futuro, o incluso para que se especialicen en carreras orientadas en la sostenibilidad, se requiere crear su conciencia de la situación global en términos medioambientales, sociales, políticos y empresariales. Se requiere un currículo que les familiarice con lo necesario para que el mundo tenga un futuro fructífero y con las estrategias que el sector empresarial puede seguir para alcanzar tal objetivo. Sin embargo, lo que es más importante es que debe provocar una nueva manera de ver la sostenibilidad y, aún más, una mentalidad profundamente sentida, aceptando uno su propósito, sentimientos e identidad. Este artículo propone entonces, una manera en la que los alumnos aceptan la capacidad y confianza para hacer un impacto apreciable hacia un planeta sostenible
Laudato Si’ and Integral Ecology: A Reconceptualization of Sustainability
Get PDFThis study analyzes sustainability concepts through the lens of Roman Catholic Social Teaching (CST) with a special emphasis on Laudato Si’. CST expands the focus of sustainability to include social justice through its emphasis on human dignity, the common good, and caritas. In CST, justice is understood as structural while environmental obligations are connected to integral human development and peace. In Laudato Si’, Pope Francis calls on us to counter prevailing unjust systems with a structural reordering of multiple ecologies: environmental, economic, social, cultural, and daily life. Based on this reordering, he developed the notion of integral ecology, and we show how it encompasses a set of existing sustainability ideas in CST and, more importantly, how it changes the focus and scope of sustainability. Unfortunately, and despite supposed good intentions, some institutions misrepresent and use the term “sustainability” to justify systems that result in “un sustainable” consequences. We thus show how Laudato Si’ offers an antidote to such unsustainable practices by reconceptualizing the sustainability construct through the notion of integral ecology