Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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The Effectiveness of Cumin as Natural Antioxidant to Improve Rumen Ecology of Mastitis Dairy Cow's
Get PDFThe research was on the effect of supplementation of natural antioxidant (Cuminum cyminum) to improve rumen ecology of Mastitis Dairy Cow's and improved milk production. This research was in-vitro treatments and using rumen fluids of Holstein dairy cows with mastitis condition. They were fed diets supplemented with various levels of a natural antioxidant ( A; 0 ppm; B: 500 ppm; C: 1000 ppm and D: 1500 ppm). Total of Rumen Bactery, pH, NH3, acetate acid, propionate acid and butirate acid were determined. The design of this experiment was used Randomized Design. The collected data were analyzed by Multiple Analysis of Variance. While the difference between the treatment effects was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that supplementation of  1 000 ppm of Cuminum cyminum caused increase of population bactery, Acetic acid and Propionic acid and decrease of NH3 concentration (P0.05). Our conclusion, the level 1 000 ppm of Cuminum cyminum improve to good condition of rumen ecology. It showed to increase bactery rumen (66.02%), decrease NH3 concentration (7.58%), increase asetic acid (49.91%) and propionic acid (29.94 %). Condition of pH rumen is showed in normal condition. (Animal Production 11(3): 160-164 (2009) Key Words: Cumminum cyminum, anti-oxidant, rumen ecology, mastitis, dairy cow
Effect of Administration of Lignocellulose-Degrading Fungi Isolated from Herbivore’s Gastrointestinal Tract for Fiber Degradation
Get PDFIsolation and selection of lignocellulose-degrading fungi from compartment of herbivore’s gastrointestinal tract were predicted found fungi that have superiority to degrade lignin, xylan, and cellulose. Lignocellulose-degrading fungi were isolated from compartment of buffalo’s and horse’s gastrointestinal tract and also elephant dung with malt extract agar, using cellulose, xylan, and tannic acid as selective substrate. Morphological and biochemical test had been done to get superior isolates. This study showed that lignocellulose-degrading fungi could be found in all sample of buffalo’s and horse’s gastrointestinal tract and also elephant dung. The highest number of lignin, xylan and cellulose-degrading isolates respectively were found from buffalo’s cecum (5 isolates), buffalo’s colon (19 isolates), and buffalo’s colon (326 isolates). The highest isolates activity of lignolytic, xylanolytic, and cellulolytic respectively were reached from horse’s cecum (2.38), horse's cecum (6.67), and buffalo’s colon (5.60). Meanwhile the highest enzymes activities were reached from horse’s cecum (0.166 Unit/g protein), horse’s cecum (5.037 Unit/g protein) and buffalo’s colon (2.488 Unit/g protein). From this study could be concluded that lignocellulose-degrading fungi could be found from all compartment of herbivore’s gastrointestinal tract. Based on quantitative and qualitative selection, lignolytic from horse’s cecum, xylanolytic from horse’s cecum and cellulolytic from buffalo’s colon were superior isolates and predicted as Aspergillus sp genus. Administratiton of Aspergilillus sp inoculum into rumen fluid medium elevated significantly dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility as 4.55%; 4.45%; 6.69%; 11.65% and 8.23% respectively. (Animal Production 12(1): 21-28 (2010)Key Words : lignocellulose-degrading fungi, herbivore’s gastrointestinal tract, fiber degradation
The Rate of Blood Glucose Utilization in Thin Tailed Weaner Lambs Following a 5-week Feed Restriction
No full textThe purposes of the experiment were to investigate the effect of feed restriction on the rate of whole body glucose utilization and to examine relationship between basal glucose concentration in the blood and the rate of whole body glucose utilization. A total of 12 thin tailed weaner lambs (7-11.80 kg) was at random assigned to either treatments I (T1) or II (T2). T1 was restrictively fed for five weeks whereas T2 were fully fed during the experiment. At the end of a 5-week restriction period, T1 lost live weight of 11.45% whereas T2 gained weight of 11.95%. Glucose utilization rate was estimated by injecting a bolus of glucose into one jugular vein with a dose of 0.30 g per kg live weight. Blood samples (2.50 ml) were taken from the other jugular vein 5 min before injection and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 after injection of a bolus of glucose. Collected data was analyzed using unpaired “t†test with equal replicates. Statistical analysis indicated that the rate of whole body glucose utilization of T1 (mean±SE) was significantly (P<0.01) slower than that for T2 (0.88 ± 0.06 vs. 1.79 ± 0.25%/minute). Mean basal blood glucose concentration of T1 and T2 (mean±SE) were 3.16 ± 0.21 and 4.19 ± 0.04 mM, respectively. In conclusion, feed restriction for a long period of time impaired whole body glucose utilization. (Animal Production 8(1): 44-49 (2006) Key Words : Sheep, glucose, concentration, bloo
Effect of Combined Probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisae + Candida utilis) and Herbs on Carcass Characteristics of Swamp Buffalo
Get PDFA feedlot trial was conducted to study the effect of probiotics + herbs on carcass characteristics. Thirty male swamp buffaloes aged 2–2.5 years with the average body weight of 297 kg were used in this trial. They were fattened for 75 days to reach a slaughter weight of around 350–400 kg. They were divided into two groups of 15 animals in each group, and were placed in a shaded paddock. The groups were the control and the treated animals. The treated animals were given a supplementation containing combined yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisae and Candida utilis), and herbs. All animals were fed basal diet of ammoniated rice straw and commercial concentrate with a ratio of 10: 90. There was no effect of probiotics+herbs on live weight gain, percentage of carcass, dressing, meat and by products, back fat thickness and eye muscle area. Addition of probiotics+herbs increased proportion of bone, reduced meat : bone ratio, body fat and proportion of offal. Although body fat content was reduced by the treatment, the compositions of fat were similar between the control and treated animals. (Animal Production 12(2): 69-73 (2010)Key Words: buffalo, feedlot, yeast, carcas
Occurrence of Sperm Abnormality of Beef Cattle at Several Artificial Insemination Centers in Indonesia
Get PDFIn the most species studied sperm abnormalities have long been associated with male infertility and sterility. This study evaluated the sperm morphology (normality and abnormality) of beef cattle at several Artificial Insemination centers in Indonesia. Total of 142 bulls were used in this study; an ejaculate from each bull was examined. A drop of semen was placed on 3-4 glass slides, and smears were prepared and air-dried. The smears were stained with carbolfluchsin-eosin (Williams stain). Types of morphological abnormalities were recorded from 500 cells on each sample. It was recorded that 77.46% samples had low primary sperm abnormalities (10%) was found in 5.63% samples.  Pear shaped was the most frequently type of abnormality found on examined samples (2.24 ± 2.94%); while double head was the lowest (0.01 ± 0.04%). (Animal Production 12(1): 44-49 (2010) Key words : sperm abnormality, beef catlle, artificial insemination cente
Inter-relationship Between Body Measurements and Prices of Sheep in An Open Market in Kano State
Get PDFThis study attempted to determine the inter-relationship between market price and body measurements among different breeds of sheep in open markets of six Local Government Areas of Kano State (Municipal, Taruauni, Gmale, Nassarawa, Fagge and Dala) of Kano city. Body measurements and prices of sheep used for this study were obtained from Unguwa Uku, Dorayi, Kara, Bachirawa, yankaba, Mariri and Kabara livestock markets in Kano. The Sudanese price was the highest (N 30,000±0.0), followed by Uda, Balami and Yankasa with the least cost being N 10, 614±3,137. Similarly the Sudanese breed recorded highest body weight, back length, lion girth and height at wither compared to all other breeds, while Balami had a higher chest girth (78.77±6.0 cm), followed by Uda and Yankasa, which recorded the least. The extra large animals weighed 58.75± 1.25 kg, which was more than the body weight of the large, medium and small sheep which weighed 42.48±0.34kg, 34.93±0.21 and 27.92±0.26, respectively. The price of these animals also follow the same pattern as the extra large cost more than all the other weight classes. The prices were N 25,750±8,500, N 15,524±2,263, N 11,284±2792 and N 8,324±1,584 for extra large, large, medium and the small sheep, respectively. Price of sheep was positive and highly correlated to weight of the sheep (0.826). Price was also positive and moderately correlated to back length (0.579), chest girth (0.538), height at wither (0.535) and leg length (0.464) at 1% level of significance. Leg length was highly and positively correlated with height at wither (0.717). Height at whither together with back length are important additional variables to chest girth to obtain up to 38% prediction of price of rams. The price of any sheep breed is subjected to the weight and the price of sheep in an open market can best be predicted from a combination of leg length and loin girth. (Animal Production 13 (1):64-68 (2011)Key Words: price of sheep, sheep breeds and open market
The Effect of Level Testosteron e Addition in Diluents and Level Dilution on Speed Movement and Abnormality of Kedu Chicken Sperm
No full textThe research entitled “The Effect of Level Testosterone Addition in Diluents and Level Dilution on Speed Movement and Abnormality of Kedu Chicken Sperm†was conducted in Laboratory of Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, UNSOED, started at August 15th to September 15th , 2001. The aims of this research were to obtain influences of level testosterone and dilution on speed movement and secondary abnormality kedu chicken sperm and obtain interaction between the treatments. The tapped sperm from nine kedu chickens were used in this research. This Experiment was performed 4 x 3 Factorials with Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) as the basic design. The treatment combinations were level testosterone 0, 300, 600 and 900 μg (t0, t1, t2 and t3) and level of dilution 4, 6 and 8 time (in a row p1, p2 and p3). The tapping period was replicated four times as a group (replicated) with two days interval. The result of this research showed that the interaction between level of testosterone addition and level of dilution gave a non-significant effect to speed movement sperm but significant to abnormality of kedu chicken sperm. The group gave a significant influence (P<0.05) to speed movement sperm and non significant to sperm abnormality. The interaction of level testosterone addition and level dilution of kedu chicken semen (T x P) has a quadratic regression to sperm abnormality with regression comparison is Y = 24.418 – 0.014 X +1.187E – 05 X², with peak point is (543.76: 20.23) of correlation coefficient (r) 0.55 and determination coefficient (R²) as 30.34%. The addition of 600 μg testosterone level with 6 level dilutions was the best to defend sperm abnormality. (Animal Production 4(2): 60-70 (2002) Key Words : Spermatozoa, Kedu Chicken, Testosterone, Dilution, Speed Movement and Abnormalit
Rotational Grazing System for Beef Cows on Dwarf Elephantgrass Pasture for Two Years after Establishment
Get PDFAn intensive rotational grazing system for dwarf and late heading (DL) elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) pasture was examined in a summer period for two years following establishment. Four 0.05 of DL elephant grass pastures (20×25 m) were established on May 2003. They were rotationally grazed for 1 week, followed by a 3-week rest period by three breeding or raising beef cattle for three and six cycles during the first and second years of establishment respectively. Before grazing, the plant height, leaf area index and the ratio of leaf blade to stem were at the highest, while tiller number increased and herbage mass tended to increase, except for the first grazing cycle both two years and for one paddock in the second year. Herbage consumption, the rate of herbage consumption and dry matter intake tended to decrease in three paddocks from the first to the third cycle in the first year, but increase as grazing occurred in the second year. Dry matter intake averaged 10.2-14.5 and 15.4–23.2 g DM/kg/live weight (LW)/day over the four paddocks in the first and second year, respectively, and average daily gains were 0.09 and 0.35 kg/head/day in the first and second year respectively. The carrying capacities were estimated at 1,016 and 208 cow-days (CD)/ha (annual total 1,224 CD/ha) in the first year and 1,355 and 207 CD/ha (annual total 1,562 CD/ha) in the second year. Thus, DL elephant grass pasture can expand the grazing period for beef cows for the following two-year establishment. (Animal Production 13(1):10-17 (2011) Key Words: dwarf elephant grass, herbage mass, plant characters, rotational grazin
The Use of Skim Milk and Essential Fatty Acids as an Alternative Method on Improving Yoghurt Nutrition Quality
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to investigate the effects of addition of different levels lemuru seafish oil on skim milk-based yoghurt in order to produce good quality and marketable yoghurt. The experiment consisted of lemuru seafish oil fractination based on its freesing point and the addition of extracted lemuru seafish oil to skim milk-based yoghurt at 0.50%; 1%; 1.50%; 2%. Yoghurt with 0% lemuru seafish oil was included as a control. A Completely Randomised Design was employed and each treatment has 5 replicates. Results showed that: (a) the addition of lemuru seafish oil up to 2% affected lactic acid contents of yoghurt but still within the normal range, (b) consumers preferred the smell and taste of yoghurt with 2% lemuru seafish oil; but they preferred the texture of yoghurt with 0.50% lemuru seafish oil, (c) the addition of lemuru seafish oil to skim milk-based yoghurt increased the nutritional quality of the products, especially the amount of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. In order to get an ideal ratio between omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids (4:1), it was recommended to further investigate the use of lemuru seafish oil on milk products and the addition of omega 3 fatty acids from different sources as well as the shelf life of yoghurt with added lemuru seafish oil. (Animal Production 8(1): 16-21 (2006) Key Words : Yoghurt, lemuru seafish oil, essential fatty acid
Y Chromosome Microsatellites Variation in Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus) Population
Get PDFSeven Y chromosome specific microsatellites were typed in a sample of 36 unrelated males from Bali cattle breed. Analysis variation of microsatellites marker in Bali cattle were determinate from PCR products by using 7 primer pairs that flanking microsatellites (INRA008, INRA057, INRA062, INRA124, INRA126, DYS 199, and INRA 189). PCR products were separated by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and silver staining method was used to detect allele polymorphism at each locus.  From two different geographical breed origin showed that Bali cattle from Bali island has higher heterozygous (h=0.33) level than Lombok island (h=0.30), but the number of allele was few (only two alleles) in all of locus. It is indicated that Bali cattle from two geographical origins were not significant in genetic variation. We know that Y chromosomal microsatellite in general has tend to specific allele in breed comparing to autosomal chromosome, because allele come from only male or Y sex chromosome and it contrary to autosomal chromosome where allele is contributed from male and female. FAO has specified that minimum four distinct alleles per locus for proficient judgment of genetic differences between breeds and this study we only used one breed, so it may not significantly to discriminate in Bali cattle population. For next study we need more Y chromosomal microsatellite marker to discriminate more Indonesian breeds related to tracing the genetic potential and because males animal has roles in genetic spreading which can have an enormous impact on highly selected domestic animal populations. (Animal Production 11(3): 149-154 (2009) Key Words : Bali cattle , Y chromosome, microsatellite, allel