Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Broiler Chicken Farms at the Area of Banyumas District
Get PDFAbstract. Efforts to control viral and bacterial diseases in poultry broiler should always be done by various efforts. Maintenance of strict management, implementation and administration of vaccines and bio security program are some efforts that are often done by farmers in order to eliminate viral and bacterial diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of pathogenic viruses and bacteria that often infect broiler chickens and how to make efforts to control the broiler chicken farms in the subdistricts of Kedungbanteng and Baturraden, district of Banyumas. The research method was survey on broiler chicken farmers in the areas of Baturraden and Kedungbanteng of Banyumas district. Gradual cluster sampling was used in this study. 11  broiler chicken farms with various breeds were involved.  The current study found that types of bacterial disease that infected broiler chicken farms in the subdistricts of Kedungbanteng and Baturraden were Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) and Colibacilosis, whereas viral diseases that infected were the Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD/Gumboro) and New Castle Disease (ND), although the prevalence rate was low. The efforts to control the main virus diseases, IBD and ND, succeeded in pressing the two diseases sould be implemented.Key Words: viral disease, bacterial disease, broiler chicken farmS Hastuti and E Yuwono/Animal Production 13(3):198-206 (2011
Effect of Fish Meal Level on Growth, Food Digestibility and Fur Properties of Farmed Mink (Mustela vison)
Get PDFAbstract. Our study sought to determine the effects of normal vs high fish meal levels in the diet on the growing-furring process and apparent food digestibility of farmed male mink (Mustela vison). The subjects were two groups of juvenile dark mink born in May and weaned in August. The experiment started after weaning with two diet groups: (1) normal level of fish meal (NOR), i.e. 4.5% of diet, and (2) high level of fish meal (HIGH), i.e. 10.0% of diet. We found that the mink on the high fishmeal (HIGH) diet consumed slightly more fresh food than the mink on the normal fishmeal diet (NOR) (total consumption 30.6 kg vs 28.1 kg). The mink in the NOR group ingested almost the same amount of food as dry matter and energy as the mink in the HIGH group. On October 22, the body weights of the HIGH group animals were significantly higher than those of the NOR animals. At the final weighing on December 3 (at pelting), a tendency for the body weights of NOR mink was noted to be lower than those of HIGH mink. Skin length was significantly shorter in NOR than in HIGH mink. The number of white wool skins (i.e. fur defect) was higher in NOR than in HIGH mink (4 vs 2 skins). Statistically significant differences in other fur variables were not found between the groups. The apparent digestibility of protein, fat and organic matter was significantly better in HIGH than in NOR mink. Our findings tempt us to conclude that the proportion of fish products, at least those of fishmeal, can be increased in the diet of farm-raised juvenile mink.Keywords: farm-raised mink, feeding, fish products, diet, growing-furring periodAnimal Production 14(1):63-69, January 201
RFLP Marker Variation of Cytocrome b Gene and Genetic Relationship among Batur, Merino and Local Sheep Breeds
Get PDFRFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene was conducted to determine the diversity, status and close genetic relationships in a population of Batur sheep with the Merino and local sheep breeds (Garut, Thin Tail and Fat Tail). The research used genomic DNA of 27 samples of Batur, 15 Merino, 17 Garut, 15 Thin Tails and 15 Fat Tails sheep. The PCR process used two types of 25 nucleotides primers. The PCR products were checked by using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR DNA fragment was digested by using Hae III at 37 oC and incubated for 10 hours. Similarities and differences of cytochrome b gene RFLP bands between individual samples of one and across populations, genetic distance, and close genetic relationship, were identified. The PCR process of the cytochrome b gene metochondrial DNA of the 45 samples of sheep yielded 359 bp band types. The digestion (cutting) of the PCR products of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene by using Hae III resulted in RFLP band profiles of 128 up to 231 bp polymorphisms of cytochrome b gene. Although the Hae III restriction enzyme recognized only one restriction site, however, between samples of Batur, Merino, Garut, Thin Tail, and Fat Tails, there were monomorphism and polymorphism Hae III loci.Key Words: Â RFLP, cytochrome b gene, genetic markers, genetic similarity, Batur sheeAnimal Production 13(3):156-165 (2011)Â
Factors Influencing Milk Yield Characteristics in Bunaji and Friesian x Bunaji Cows in Northern Nigeria
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of hemoglobin(Hb) type, breed, sex and season of calving on milk yield characteristics of Bunaji and Friesian x Bunaji cows. The experimental animals consisted of 24 Bunaji and 26 (F1) cross bred (Friesian x Bunaji) cows. The milk yield characteristics were initial milk yield (IMY), end of lactation yield (ELY), peak yield (PY), total milk yield (TMY), and lactation length (LL). The mean values of the milk yield characteristics were 13.69 kg, 61.25 kg, 10.87 kg, 1740 kg and 325.92 days for IMY, PY, ELY, TMY and LL, respectively. These milk yield characteristics were highly variable, with their CV ranging from 11.60 (LL) to 83.00 (IMY). Hb-type significantly influenced milk yield characteristics of the cows. The HbAA was superiorin IMY, PY and TMY compared to HbAB and HbBB. The HbABwas superior in ELY, while HbBB had the longest LL of 343 days. Breed significantly influenced milk yield characteristics except IMY. The Friesian x Bunaji cows were superior to Bunaji in allthe milk yield characteristics. Sex of calves had significant effecton IMY, and LL but not on PY, ELY and TMY. Cows bearing female calves were superior to cows bearing male calves in IMY, while cows with male calves had longer LL. Season of calving significantly affected the milk yield characteristics of cows. Early wet season was superior in IMY and PY, while late wet season had higher PY, ELY, and LL. The TMY was higher and statistically the same in both early wet and late wet season, while the early dry season had the least TMY. In view of the significant influence of these factors on milk yield characteristics of these cows it is therefore important to take them into consideration in any selection programme aim at improving the milk yield characteristics of the cows.Key Words: Bunaji, Friesian, hemoglobin, milk yield characteristicsAnimal Production 13(3):143-149 (2011
Effect of Number of Spermatozoa, Oviduct Condition and Timing of Artificial Insemination on Fertility and Fertile Period of Kampung Rooster Spermatozoa
Get PDFAbstract. This study was carried out to determine the optimum fertility and fertile period using the number of spermatozoa, oviduct condition and timing of insemination of native rooster spermatozoa. Ninety six commercial Isa brown pullets and nine kampung roosters were used in this study in a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement with one bird in a cage constituting a unit. The factor levels were the number of spermatozoa (50, 100 and 150 million/0.1 ml), oviduct condition (hard-shelled eggs and free hard-shelled eggs), and timing of artificial insemination (in the morning, at 7 AM and in the afternoon, at 4 PM). The results showed that among the treatments there was no significant interaction to fertility and fertile period. Insemination with 50 million sperm number seemed to be the same result with the other 2 treatments. Oviduct condition had a highly significant difference on fertility and fertile period percentage, and timing of insemination did not differ between morning and afternoon. In conclusion, the only oviduct condition (free hard-shelled eggs) was the best results for insemination in terms of fertility and fertile period of native roosters. It is recommended that for the maximum fertility and fertile period, hens should be inseminated with 50 million spermatozoa, free of hard-shelled eggs and insemination performed in the morning or in the afternoon. Keywords: timing of artificial insemination, fertility, fertile period, semen dose, oviduct conditionAnimal Production 14(1):32-36, January 201
Study on Sedation with Local Analgesia in Calves
Get PDFAbstract. The effect of sedatives and analgesics on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were observed. Heart rate and respiration rate significantly decreased during sedation with xylazine hydrochloride plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. A significantly decreased heart rate and respiration rate also found during sedation with diazepam plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. Two percent lignocaine hydrochloride showed short onset, rapid spreading and no side effect. Duration of analgesia was longer with 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride (55.88±1.58 min in Group B and 48±11.25 min in Group D) compared to 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (39.60±5.77 min in Group A and 43.6±5.81 min in Group C). Xylazine hydrochloride showed short onset and long duration of sedation compared to diazepam. So for herniorraphy, xylazine hydrochloride can be used as a better sedative while 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride can be used as a local analgesic for longer duration of action.Key Words: lignocaine hydrochloride, sedation, analgesiaNC Sarker et al/Animal Production 13(3):191-197 (2011
Rabbit Production in Selected Urban Areas of Southern Ghana: Status and Implications for Policy and Research
Get PDFA survey was conducted to elicit information on rabbit keeping in 26 urban areas of southern Ghana. The average age of the rabbit keepers was 44.3 years, and 95.5% of the keepers had formal education. Most of the producers got into rabbit keeping for money to meet urgent family needs, while household consumption was a major factor influencing the decision for rearing rabbits. Personal savings was the main source of income for the establishment of the rabbit enterprises. The major breeds of rabbits kept were the California White, New Zealand White and crossbreds of varied genetic variations. Backyard, small-scale and medium-scale commercial rabbit holdings were held by 18.2, 51.7 and 30.2% of the keepers respectively. The average rabbit population per farm was 77.8, with an average of 8.4 bucks, 21.6 does. Young rabbits formed 70.0% of the rabbit population. Owners of rabbitries usually cared for their animals as hired labour was expensive and often not available. High cost of feed was the most significant constraint to rabbit keeping, and mange was the most common disease affecting the rabbits. Marketing of rabbits was not organized, and this served as a disincentive to expanding the holdings. The rabbits were mostly sold either life or as fresh carcasses at the farm gate. To ensure a rapid growth of the rabbit industry, research should be undertaken to address the identified constraints to production while appropriate policies are put in place to enhance the growth of the industry.Keywords: rabbit keeping, socio-economic characteristics, farming technologies Animal Production 14(2):131-13
Lipid Biosynthesis in Blood and Egg of Local Hen Fed with Feed Containing Menhaden Fish Oil as Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Get PDFAbstract. Menhaden fish oil is commonly used as chicken feed mixture as cheap omega-3 source, plenty and available over the year. Chicken feed containing menhaden fish oil can affect digestion, metabolism and production of meat and egg. The research aimed to evaluate lipid biosynthesis on blood and egg yolk of local chicken fed with feed containing menhaden fish oil as an omega-3 source. The research used 60 hens placed in individual battery cages with four treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were R0 = control/without menhaden fish oil as omega-3 source; R1 = with 2.5%; R2= with 5.0% and R3 = with 7.5% menhaden fish oils respectively. Data analysis used analysis of variance continued with Duncan’s test. The result of the researh showed that the treatments did not signifcantly affect lipid consumption, blood lipid content, blood and yolk cholesterols. However, the treatment significantly affected yolk lipid. The used of menhaden fish oil in feed as an omega-3 source was accumulated in yolk eggs as followed: C18:3 from 0.17% (R0) to 0.29% (R2); DHA (C22:6) from 0.87% (R0) to 3.12% (R3); EPA C18:2 from 1.05% (R0) to 1.85% (R2); EPA C22:4 from 0.77% (R0) to 0.88% (R2) respectively. It could be concluded that enhancement of omega-3 content in egg could be achieved through addition of omega-3 sources in feed.Keywords: egg quality, lipid profile, menhaden fish oilAnimal Production 14(1):6-12, January 201
Intake, Rumen Degradation and Utilisation of Urea-Ammoniated Grass Hay by Kacang Goats as Affected by Supplementation of Sun-dried Fish or Fishmeal
Get PDFSix mature male Kacang goats were involved in an experiment arranged following a duplicate 3 x 3 latin square design. The objectives of this experiment was to study the effect of supplementation of dried fish as compared to fishmeal on intake, digestion, rumen environment and nitrogen use by the local meat type kacang goats maintained on urea-treated low quality grass hay. The treatments were G: goats were fed with ad libitum access of urea treated grass hay and 100 g/d putak, SDF: G plus 18.4 g sun dried fish, and FM: G plus 19.7 g/d fishmeal. The supplement in SDF and FM was at equal CP level. Intake of urea treated grass hay tended to increase (P=0.08) with supplementation. Dry matter digestibility particularly that of CP was improved by supplementation. Rumen environment was slightly modified by supplementation. Rumen pH was reduced while ammonia concentration was increased. Rumen degradation of the treated grass hay did not differ when incubated in the rumen of goats with different diets. Nitrogen balance was significantly improved (P<0.05) by fishmeal supplementation. In all parameters measured in this experiment, the incremental effects did not differ between fishmeal type. This indicate that there is no further advantage of preparing fishmeal other than sun-drying in improving the utilisation of low quality urea-treated grass hay. Keywords: kacang goats, fishmeal, intake, digestion, utilisation, rumen environment Animal Production 14(2):77-8
The Effect of Supplementation Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) and BIOPLUS to the Solid Non Fat, Total Solid and Milk Acidity of Sub-clinical Mastitis’s Holstein Dairy Cows
No full textA research about “The Effect of Supplementation Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) and BIOPLUS to the Solid Non Fat, Total Solid and Milk Acidity of Sub-clinic Mastitis’s Holstein Dairy Cows†had been done in a small farm at Nagrak Kulon Valley, Lembang-Bandung. The aim of this research is to know about the effect of supplementation Sunflower and BIOPLUS to the Solid Non Fat (SNF), Total Solid (TS) and Milk Acidity (pH) of sub-clinic Mastitis’s Holstein Dairy Cows. This research using 16 Holstein Dairy Cows with 2-4 lactation periode and 2-4 lactation month. The method that using in this research is Random groups method with 4 treatment such as R0 (control), R1 (0.01% body weight of sunflowers), R2 (100 gram of BIOPLUS) and R3 (R1 + R2). As the result of this research is no effect (P>0.05) of supplementation sunflowers and BIOPLUS to the Solid Non Fat, Total Solid and Milk Acidity of Sub-clinical Mastitis’s Holstein Dairy Cows. SNF is 8.50 % - 8.75 %, TS is 12.51 % - 12.65 % and pH is 6.72 – 6.85. (Animal Production 9(2): 79-81 (2007) Key Words : Sunflowers, BIOPLUS, Sub-clinical Mastitis, SNF, TS, p