Discovery Phytomedicine Journal
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HEPATO-RENAL EFFECT OF Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex. Schumach FRUIT EXTRACTS ON LEAD-EXPOSED ALBINO RATS
Get PDFABSTRACTLead is a non-biodegradable multi-organ toxicant implicated in various disorders including renal and hepatic diseases. In the quest for a cheaper and readily available antidote, this study has investigated the role of Solanum anomalum fruit extract in lead-induced kidney and liver toxicities in male albino rats. Twenty-four mature male albino rats were used, divided into four groups of six rats per group. Group 1 (control rats) received distilled water (10 ml/kg), group 2 was given lead acetate solution 60 mg/kg, group 3 rats were given lead acetate (60 mg/kg) followed by Solanum anomalum, SA (452 mg/kg) and group 4 rats were given lead acetate (60 mg/kg) followed by Solanum anomalum, SA (678 mg/kg)  by oral gavage daily for 28 days. Animals in the lead acetate-treated group showed significant increases in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoproteins, total white blood cell counts, Interleukin-6, and decreases in body weight, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, total proteins and albumins. Co-administration of Solanum anomalum fruit extract significantly reversed most of these biomarkers. Histopathology of kidney and liver also points to the protective effect of Solanum anomalum fruit against lead induced hepato-renal damage.Keywords: lead, liver, kidney, Solanum anomalum, biomarkers, toxicant
Hepatoprotective Molecules and Extracts Profile from Calotropis procera R. Br.
Get PDFPlants have a great value as the source of medicine. They are most utilized in ayurveda medicine of system for the treatment of various ailments without and/or less adverse effect.Calotropisprocera is shrubby medicinal plant that evenly grows in the various parts of India as well as in other countries. Leaves, flower, stem, bark, root and latex of Calotropisprocerais used traditionally as bitter, laxative, anthelmintic, appetizer, stomachic, anti-sialagogue and strengthening. Scientist explored the various parts of Calotropisprocera for different pharmacological activities like anthelmintic, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective,schizonticidal, wound healing and jaundice. The plant is explored up to the chemical level and various chemicals are isolated from the different parts of the plants such as calotropagenin, lupeol, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, quercetin and rutin etc. This review was attempted to explore the hepatoprotective potential of extracts and chemical moiety obtained from the different parts of Calotropisprocera.Â
TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CISSUS ROTUNDIFOLIA PLANT.
No full textABSTRACTCissus rotundifolia is used as a fertility regulator in Kenya. However safety and efficacy of the plant extracts has not been validated. The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical composition and the safety of Cissus rotundifolia leaf extracts by acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies.Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard qualitative methods. The acute and sub-acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines (423 and 407). The sub-acute oral toxicity study, aqeous and organic extracts were administered at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. Rats were monitored for adverse effects and mortality. Food intake, water intake, body weight, organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters and organ histopathological changes were evaluated.Qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts of C. rotundifolia established the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides in the aqueous extract and saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides in the organic extract. 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight did not cause any mortality or signs of toxicity in the rats during the observation period. In sub-acute oral toxicity, there were no treatment related changes in the hematological and biochemical blood parameters. There were however significant differences in body weight and organ weight between the control and treated groups. Histopathological analysis of the liver and kidneys revealed non-significant changes. The was a non significant decline in food and water consumption. Cissus rotundifolia leaf extracts are safe when administered orally for long durations at doses lower than 400 mg/kg body weight. The LD50 of both extracts is more than 2000 mg/kg
Petroleum Ether and Chloroform Soluble Fractions of Whole Plant Extract of Acanthus ilicifolis Linn. Possesses Potential Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities.
Get PDFBackground: Medicinal plants are the major sources of traditional treatment of disease and new drug discovery due to major side effects of synthetic drug. Objectives: The aim of study was to evaluate analgesic and antioxidant activities of petroleum ether and chloroform soluble fractions of whole plant extract of Acanthus ilicifoius. Materials and Methods: The plant extract, standard diclofenac, and distilled water as control was administered post orally in Swiss albino mice and observe the analgesic activity by acetic acid (0.6%) induced writhing method. The plant extract was also subjected to perform reducing power assay, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay to evaluate antioxidant activity. Results: The pet ether, and chloroform soluble fraction of plant extract revealed significant analgesic activity on mice model. Notably, the pet ether and chloroform fraction showed (40.14 ± 2.32) % and (40.12 ± 0.9) % analgesic inhibition, whereas standard diclofenac revealed (52.79 ± 2.62) % analgesic inhibition. In antioxidant activity assay, the plant extract showed mild to moderate antioxidant activities compare to standard ascorbic acid. Conclusion: From the results, it could be concluded that, the pet ether and chloroform fractions of whole plant extract of A. ilicifolius possesses potential analgesic and antioxidant properties
Cytotoxic naphthoquinones from Diospyros fleuryana leaves
Get PDFIn the search for anti-cancer plants in Vietnam, the leaves of Diospyros fleuryana were selected for chemical investigation. Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract led to the isolation of two naphthoquinones isodiospyrin (1), and 8'-hydroxyisodiospyrin (2), and one isoflavone 7-O-methylbiochanin A (3). The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by 1D-NMR (1H, and 13C-NMR), 2D-NMR spectra (HSQC, and HMBC), and MS spectroscopy. Compound 3 was isolated from genus Diospyros for the first time. Regarding the strong IC50 values of 2.27, and 8.0 µM against KB, and Hep cell lines respectively, cytotoxic examination suggested that compound 2 is a promising agent in anti-cancer treatment.Â
In silico evaluation of therapeutic potentials of Syringic acid against some selected diseases
Get PDFIn the past few years several developments in medications have been made for the better treatment of certain diseases like Breast Cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Tuberculosis, Obesity and Malaria. Phytochemicals possessing various medicinal properties have opened up the door to discover or design novel drug against these diseases. Syringic acid is such a natural compound found in many plants with a vast range of therapeutic potentials against several diseases. The present study aims to reveal Syringic acid as a potent inhibitor against Breast Cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Tuberculosis, Obesity and Malaria comparing to the standard drugs of each disease. Molecular docking of syringic acid with critical proteins associated with the diseases was done using Schrödinger Maestro (v11.1). QikProp module of Schrödinger Maestro was used for ADME prediction and the toxicity of the ligand was evaluated by ProTox online databases. Syringic acid was found to exhibit acceptable ADME properties with no carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Molecular docking result also showed higher scores compared to the commercially available standard drugs against four out of five diseases. The best docking scores were found against Breast cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Obesity and Malaria which are -6.801 kcal/mol, -5.285 kcal/mol, -5.491 kcal/mol and -4.141 kcal/mol respectively. Syringic acid can be a stronger inhibitory potential agent against selected diseases than the standard drugs. Further clinical studies are required to consider syringic acid as an effective candidate drug for the better treatment of the mentioned diseases
Evaluation of antioxidant, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic properties of the crude extracts of Stixis suaveolens growing in Bangladesh
Get PDFThe current study was conducted to investigate anti-oxidative, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic properties of Methanol, Aqueous, Pet-Ether, Dichloromethane, and Ethyl Acetate soluble fractions of Stixis suaveolens. To determine the antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activities (antioxidant capacity) of the plant extracts on the stable radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content was determined. Ascorbic Acid & BHT were used as standards in this studies. To evaluate cytotoxicity, the brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used.Vincristine sulfate (VS) was used as positive control. Antithrombolytic ability of the plant extracts were determined on bloods drawn from healthy volunteers. Membrane stabilizing potential were assessed by evaluating their ability to inhibit haemolysis of human erythrocytes. Antimicrobial investigation by disc diffusion method revealed no anti-microbial potential. The amount of total phenolic content differed in different extractives and ranged from 4.9375mg of GAE/gm of extractives to 70.125mg of GAE/gm of extractives of Fruits of S. suaveolens Roxb. The antioxidant activity of IC50 values in DPPH method are differed in different extractives and ranged from (75.67μg/ml) to (5634.00μg/ml). Methanol Soluble Fraction (MESFF) of Fruits of S. suaveolens Roxb. exhibited highest thrombolytic activity of 26.85%. Furthermore, the Aqueous Soluble Fraction (AQSF) inhibited 11.06%, Ethyl Acetate Soluble Fraction (EASF) inhibited 9.16%, Methanol Soluble Fraction (MESF) inhibited 8.84%, Dichloromethane Soluble Fraction (DCMSF) inhibited 7.92%, and Pet-Ether Soluble Fraction (PESF) inhibited 5.86% of hemolysis of RBC. The highest brine shrimp lethality was given by EASF with 0.99μg/ml followed by PESFwith 1.10μg/ml, DCMSFwith 4.77μg/ml, MESF with 8.37μg/ml and AQSFwith 24.26μg/ml. Hence, that S. suaveolens extracts and its fractions possess anti-oxidant, membrane stabilizing, cytotoxic and thrombolytic properties
Chemical group characterization and determination of pharmacological activities of Pandanus fascicularis L. fruit
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, GI motility and cytotoxic activities of fruit extract of P.fascicularis L. The analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Antipyretic study was done by yeast induced pyrexia. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extracts are used for anti-inflammatory studies by albumin induced edema over a period of time. GI motility test was performed using charcoal. The methanolic, ethanolic and chloroform extracts show presence of maximum phytochemicals such as alkaloid, tannin, saponin, steroid, terpenoid, protein, flavonoid etc. The dose of 400mg/kg is capable of inhibiting 62.96% writhing in comparison to standard Diclofenac sodium. The initial and final rectal temperatures treated with chloroform extract (400 mg/kg) were 38.7±0.45ºC and 37.83±0.37ºC; where the values for Acetyl salicylic acid (100mg/kg) were 38.4±0.11ºC and 37.5±0.010ºC respectively. During cytotoxic bioassay LC50 value was found 1.0636 mg/ml. Oedema reduced from 0.62 ± 0.06 to 0.45 ± 0.02 after 5hr administering of chloroform extract (400 mg/kg), where aspirin did this from 0.60±.002 to 0.42±0.01 at 200mg/kg. The motility rates of castor oil and chloroform extract were 53.24%& 31.78% at 10 ml/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively, where the control showed 63.68% motility rate. These results show that, chloroform extract of fruit of P.fascicularis L. has significant analgesic, anti-pyretic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and GI motility effects that increase with the increase of concentration. It can be assumed that, phytochemicals present, are the source of potency of the chloroform extract
Anti-fertility properties of Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. Extract using female Wistar rats
Get PDFA third of the worldwide disease burden among women in their reproductive age ( 15-45 years) is associated with sexual and reproductive complications. The developing world experiences an unmet contraceptive demand that affects nearly 200 million women. The high rates of unintended pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa increase the prevalence of unsafe abortions in nations. The use of conventional steroids and non-steroid based contraceptives though effective is also linked to increasing side effects. The roots decoction of Cissus rotundifolia is used by women in Tana River County, Kenya as a fertility regulator. The study evaluated the phytochemical compounds present in the Cissus rotundifolia aqueous extract. It also evaluated the effect of the plant extract on oestrus cycle and other selected female reproductive parameters; mating success, fertility index, gestation length, and litter size using female Wistar rats. The phytochemical screening established the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and glycosides in the root aqueous extract of Cissus rotundifolia. The plant extract caused a dose-dependent significance increase in proestrus and metestrus phases and a significant reduction in estrus and diestrus phases (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mating success. It caused a dose-dependent reduction in fertility index compared to the control. Gestation length was significantly increased and litter size significantly reduced (P<0.05).This probably is the reason for the traditional use of the plant as a fertility regulator. However, further work on reversibility, reproductive hormonal profile and ovarian histomorphology should be undertaken to improve the novel contraceptive pool.Â
A review on the Bioactivity and Phytochemistry of Jatropha podagrica Hook (Euphorbiaceae)
Get PDFAims: to provide knowledge on the bioactivity and phytochemistry of Jatropha podagrica Hook.Study Design: Advanced multidisciplinary bibliographical research, use of the ChemBioDraw software package and dissemination of the knowledge obtained.Methodology: A literature review was conducted to obtain information on the pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of Jatropha podagrica Hook. from various scientific databases (SciLEO, PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct and PubMed Central). The scientific name of this plant species was used as a keyword for the search, as well as the terms pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software was used to draw the structures of chemical compounds of Jatropha podagrica Hook. and other species of the genus Jatropha.Results: The results obtained revealed that this plant is traditionally used as a stimulant or analgesic. This species possesses various biological properties such as anti-tumor, antimicrobial, molluscicidal and anti-insect. These properties are due to the presence of natural chemical compounds such as steroids, flavonoids and diterpenoids.Conclusion: This study can therefore help guide future scientific research towards the development of new antisickling drugs from Jatropha podagrica Hook