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Skin Deep:Body Positivity Influencer Campaigns
No full textThis investigation used expectancy violation theory (EVT) to explain how a body positivity influencer\u27s clothing styles (modest or revealing) and skin tones (filtered or unfiltered) affected viewers\u27 responses to branded Instagram posts violating (i.e., unfiltered and revealing) or confirming (i.e., filtered and modest) appearance norms. Specifically, viewers\u27 attractiveness and authenticity ratings as well as their emotional responses were measured to verify that their appearance norm internalization triggered EVT\u27s effects. Finally, this study explored how viewers\u27 attractiveness, authenticity, and emotional response ratings mediated the effect of the influencer\u27s appearance on their purchase intentions. The results indicate viewers punished norm violations in their attractiveness ratings but rewarded them in their authenticity and emotional response ratings. Finally, viewers\u27 emotional responses and authenticity ratings more powerfully shaped their purchase intentions than their attractiveness ratings. These results suggest body positivity influencer marketing may mutually benefit both sponsors and consumers while countering toxic appearance norms on social media and society at large
Barbary macaques show sex-related differences in body weight based on anthropogenic food exposure despite comparable female–male stable isotope ratios
Get PDFAs the human–primate interface expands, many nonhuman primate (NHP) populations exploit anthropogenic foods to survive, while some populations opportunistically target them. Though anthropogenic food consumption is sometimes associated with greater reproductive output and survival in these populations, there is a dearth of research on possible health effects. We explore how differential exposure to anthropogenic foods is linked to variation in isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) and body weights in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, Gibraltar. We placed monkeys into three categories based on anthropogenic food exposure. We then analyzed individuals for isotopic signatures (N = 147) and body weight measurements (N = 80). Using the lowest exposure category as the comparison, we found body weights and δ15N values, but not δ13C values, significantly differed across key categories. Within categories, we found no significant associations between sex and δ13C or δ15N values, suggesting that individuals within categories consumed similar foods regardless of sex. We found a significant interaction effect between category and sex for predicting body weights. These results suggest that sex plays a role in how anthropogenic foods are accessed and consumed regardless of exposure, which may result in differential health profiles for female and male macaques
Technical efficiency, scale effect, and trade liberalization: evidence from the Nepalese manufacturing sector
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of trade liberalization and scale of operation on technical efficiency of the Nepalese manufacturing sector after the 1992 economic liberalization. The study utilizes industry panel data and analyses the relationship using stochastic frontier analysis. We find that the manufacturing sector of Nepal is highly inefficient. Technical progress is found initially, however after 1996/97, technical regress dominates each period. Sectoral efficiency, on average, is estimated around 28.7% of potential value added whereas inefficiency is as high as 146%. The scale of operation, as expected, is highly significant in explaining industry efficiency. Trade liberalization, on the other hand, is not a significant determinant though its estimated coefficient carries the expected sign. Along with advocating industry size, the ‘scale effect’ also represents embodied-technology effect that comes with imported inputs. The results show that foreign technology contained in imported raw material inputs is an important source of efficiency improvement for the Nepalese manufacturing sector
