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Refining the Stimulus Pairing Observation Procedure for Tact and Listener Responding
Get PDFThe stimulus pairing observation procedure (SPOP; e.g., Byrne et al., 2014) and the stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure (SSP; e.g., Esch et al., 2009) both involve training early language skills (i.e., tacts and listener responding in SPOP; vocalizations in SSP) by contriving social interactions that typically take place in the natural environment. In an analysis of the many procedural variations to increase the effectiveness of SSP, da Silva and Williams (2020) reviewed autoshaping research outcomes and suggested a variety of ways to increase the salience of the stimuli being paired to enhance learning. The present study followed the recommendation to vary the ITI to make stimuli more salient and pairings less predictable, recommended for stimulus pairing procedures, to observe the effects on tact and listener responses (da Silva and Williams, 2020). In the present study, all participants have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and scored within Level 1 of the VB-MAPP. Listener responding increased relative to baseline, but tact responses remained near zero following SPOP instruction. Our procedural modification increased listener responding, but there was no change for tact repertoires. This research will add to the burgeoning research on increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of stimulus pairing procedures for language acquisition
Anti-Consumption in the Context of Brand Relationships
Get PDFThis paper presents a conceptual model that outlines the various brand relationships consumers have with a special focus on negative brand relationships that relates to anti-brand behaviors.
Based on the empathy map, the model consists of four main parts: how consumers think (share of mind) and feel (share of heart) about brands, which in turn effects what consumers say (share of voice) and do (share of wallet) with them.
The model combines more than 40 branding concepts into one comprehensive, coherent, unified and easy-to-understand model where concepts are categorized by their degree of intensity
A Feminine Gothic Revival: The Haunting of Shirley Jackson and Toni Morrison
Get PDFIn the realm of Gothic literature, the main characters typically involve a helpless woman in the clutches of her male assailant. Critics have long established that the traditional Gothic genre is considered a male-dominated discipline fixated on ideas of power, control, and submission. This essay argues that Shirley Jackson and Toni Morrison separate from this trope and invent the haunted heroine, a leading lady so haunted by the past, relationships, and emotions that through unique character development, insidious use of dread, and malicious paranormal occurrences create a nouveau dichotomy within Gothic literature. This essay is a close reading of two primary texts: Jackson’s The Haunting of Hill House (1959) and Morrison’s Beloved (1987) to contend that the human condition is a haunted condition. Through their renaissance of Gothic literature, they force a mirror up to society and history, and by their work we are forced to face our own hauntings
