Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Repositorio Institucional del CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas)Not a member yet
1694 research outputs found
Sort by
Environmental exposure and risk assessment of pesticide mixtures in aquatic organisms from the Tagus River Basin
No full textDOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119221The widespread use of pesticides impacts human, animal and ecosystem health. Pesticide pollution causes significant freshwater biodiversity decline in Europe. In the present work, the occurrence of a large number of currently used pesticides (199) and mixtures was investigated in 90 samples from the fluvial environment, collected from a European emblematic watershed characterized by different land use, livestock farm and population density influences. Multiple pesticides were detected in high concentrations in all matrices (8097 ng/L,
3223 ng/g dry weight, 252 ng/g d.w., max. in water, sediment and fish, respectively). Herbicides exhibited a ubiquitous presence in water and sediment, while insecticides predominated in fish. Glyphosate and its transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) reached the highest median concentrations in water and sediment, while pyrimethanil M605F002 and p,p???-DDE highlighted in fish. In addition to agricultural inputs, other anthropogenic sources (e.g., urban runoff, wastewater inputs) were found to influence pollution in rivers. The sum of all individual pesticides, metabolites and degradation products surpassed the threshold value (500 ng/L) established in the European Water Framework Directive for surface water in 11 out of 13 locations, and at least one exceedance for individual compounds was observed in all sites studied. Although only 7 % of the
single pesticides were designated high risk, pesticide mixture ratios evinced potential ecological risk for aquatic and sediment-dwelling organisms. Furthermore, a total of 27 different hazardous pesticides were identified in the aquatic ecosystems
Agro-Food and Lignocellulosic UrbanWastes as Sugar-Rich Substrates for Multi-Product Oil-Based Biorefineries
Full text linkThe effective use of biowaste resources becomes crucial for the development of bioprocessing alternatives to current oil- and chemical-based value chains. Targeting the development of multi-product biorefinery approaches benefits the viability and profitability of these process schemes. Certain oleaginous microorganisms, such as oleaginous red yeast, can co-produce industrially relevant bio-based products. This work aims to explore the use of industrial and urban waste as cost-effective feedstock for producing microbial oil and carotenoids using Rhodosporidium toruloides. The soluble fraction, resulting after homogenization, crushing, and centrifugation of discarded vegetable waste, was used as substrate under a pulse-feeding strategy with a concentrated enzymatic hydrolysate from municipal forestry residue obtained after steam explosion pretreatment (190 ??C, 10 minutes and 40 mg H2SO4/g residue). Additionally, the initial nutrient content was investigated to enhance process productivity values. The promising results of these cultivation strategies yield a final cell concentration of 36.4-55.5 g/L dry cell weight (DCW), with an intracellular lipid content of up 42-45% (w/w) and 665-736 ??g/g DCW of carotenoids. These results demonstrate the potential for optimizing the use of waste resources to provide effective alternative uses to current biowaste management practices, also contributing to the market of industrially relevant products with lower environmental impacts
NECP
No full textObjetivos NECP de paises europeos a fecha 2024Objetivos NECP de paises europeos a fecha 202
Identifying Genomic Relationships in Cancer Drug Response
Full text linkLas terapias personalizadas gen??ticamente para tratar el c??ncer muestran grandes avances, permitiendo mejorar la calidad y esperanza de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, existe un reto clave en este tipo de tratamientos, ya que actualmente no se puede predecir con exactitud la respuesta de una persona ante un medicamento, lo que supone un gran problema. Si el tratamiento es demasiado intenso, no solo no ayudar?? al paciente, sino que supondr?? un empeoramiento de su condici??n.
Este estudio hace uso del dataset Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), el cual incluye informaci??n sobre perfiles gen??micos, farmacol??gicos y datos sobre las caracter????sticas de las l????neas celulares cancerosas, constituyendo una gran fuente
de informaci??n. Para explotar estos datos, se han empleado algoritmos basados tanto en redes neuronales como en ??rboles, manteniendo siempre como objetivo proporcionar un modelo que no solo sea preciso, sino ??til para la sociedad.
La investigaci??n trata de obtener un modelo que sea capaz de predecir la variable LNIC50 , la cual es un indicador de la concentraci??n necesaria de medicamento para inhibir el crecimiento de las c??lulas cancerosas en un 50
El modelo resultante ha sido, a su vez, validado mediante t??cnicas de explicabilidad, proporcionando certeza sobre la fiabilidad de las predicciones y demostrando que los perfiles gen??ticos influyen en la respuesta del paciente ante los f??rmacos contra el c??ncer
Innovaci??n en tecnolog??a de fabricaci??n nuclear. Innovation Of Nuclear MAnufacturing Technology (IONMAT).
Full text linkCharacterization of Tajogaite volcanic plumes detected over the Iberian Peninsula from a set of satellite and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation
Full text linkThree volcanic plumes were detected during the Tajogaite volcano eruptive activity (Canary Islands, Spain,
September???December 2021) over the Iberian Peninsula. The spatiotemporal evolution of these events is char
acterised by combining passive satellite remote sensing and ground-based lidar and sun-photometer systems. The
inversion algorithm GRASP is used with a suite of ground-based remote sensing instruments such as lidar/
ceilometer and sun-photometer from eight sites at different locations throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Satellite
observations showed that the volcanic ash plumes remained nearby the Canary Islands covering a mean area of
120 ?? 202 km2 during the whole period of eruptive activity and that sulphur dioxide plumes reached the Iberian
Peninsula. Remote sensing observations showed that the three events were mainly composed of sulphates, which
were transported from the volcano into the free troposphere. The high backscatter-related ??ngstrom ?? exponents
for wavelengths 532???1064 nm (1.17 ?? 0.20 to 1.40 ?? 0.24) and low particle depolarization ratios (0.08 ?? 0.02
to 0.09 ?? 0.02), measured by the multi-wavelength Raman lidar, hinted at the presence of spherical small
particles. The layer aerosol optical depth at 532 nm (AODL
532) obtained from lidar measurements contributed
between 49% and 82% to the AERONET total column AOD at 532 nm in event II (11???13 October). According to
the GRASP retrievals, the layer aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AODL
440) was higher in all sites during event II
with values between 0.097 (Badajoz) and 0.233 (Guadiana-UGR) and lower in event III (19???21 October) varying
between 0.003 (Granada) and 0.026 (Evora). ?? Compared with the GRASP retrievals of total column AOD at 440
nm, the AODL
440 had contributions between 21% and 52% during event II. In the event I (25???28 September), the
mean volume concentrations (VC) varied between 5 ?? 4 ??m3
cm??? 3 (El-Arenosillo/Huelva) and 17 ?? 10 ??m3
cm??? 3 (Guadiana-UGR), while in event II this variation was from 11 ?? 7 ??m3
cm??? 3 (Badajoz) to 27 ?? 10 ??m3
cm??? 3
(Guadiana-UGR). Due to the impact of volcanic events on atmospheric and economic fields, such as radiative
forcing and airspace security, a proper characterization is required. This work undertakes it using advanced
instrumentation and methods
What future for marine renewable energy in Portugal and Spain up to 2030? Forecasting plausible scenarios using general morphological analysis and clustering techniques.
Full text linkMarine renewables ??? which include mainly wave, tidal and current energy ??? have been hailed, for the past decades, as a potential solution to support the decarbonization of the society. Portugal and Spain have been traditionally avid for the testing and demonstration of such technologies, but the implementation of marine capacity is yet marginal, and there are many uncertainties regarding the future of the sector in the region. The main objective of this article is to show a future projection of marine renewable energies in both Iberian and Macaronesian regions for 2030 to research and technological development communities. To obtain this future projection, General Morphological Analysis and advanced clustering techniques have been used. The results are divided into five groups of potential scenarios, which vary significantly due to different political, social and technological parameters. The influence of variables such as innovation speed, infrastructure implementation, and comprehensive metocean data availability emerges as pivotal determinants shaping the sector's course. The knowledge from this systematization is expected to be used by researchers, technicians, governments or by any other agency involved in marine renewable energies in Spain and Portugal, as a guidance for their new projects and research lines
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines
Full text linkAlveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS) are soft-tissue tumors that are genetically characterized by the presence of reciprocal translocations that generate the fusion gene PAX3-FOXO1A or PAX7-FOXO1A. For the study of the biologic consequences of such rearrangements, several cell lines have been generated. However, established cell lines accumulate chromosome and genetic aberrations that make it difficult to draw significant conclusions. We have applied a set of techniques that includes spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and microarray CGH, to the most commonly used cell lines carrying the two fusion genes that are present in ARMS. We have identified the bacterial artificial chromosomes that cover the breakpoints at genes PAX3, PAX7, and FOXO1A, which can be used as FISH probes for the translocations. The RH30 cell line, positive for the PAX3-FOXO1A fusion gene, was found to be highly complex: wide range of chromosome number, more than 50 chromosome rearrangements, amplification of the hybrid gene, 24 DNA changes detected by conventional CGH, and 21 gene copy changes detected by microarray CGH (including several high-level amplifications). RMZ-RC2 cell line, positive for the PAX7-FOXO1A, was in the near-tetraploid range with only nonclonal structural rearrangements, amplification of the hybrid gene, 24 DNA changes by CGH, and 8 gene copy changes, confirming the previously reported high-level amplification of MYCN. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
An??lisis de ciclo de vida de cultivos energ??ticos y de energ??a solar t??rmica
No full textEn este curso se presentar??n diversas metodolog??as acompa??adas de ejemplos pr??cticos para el an??lisis de los sistemas energ??ticos considerando los tres pilares. Para la parte medioambiental se presenta la metodolog??a de An??lisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), para parte econ??mica se presentan m??todos para considerar externalidades como el ExternE o el Input-Output (IO), este ??ltimo v??lido tambi??n para considerar la parte social. Adem??s, se presentar??n herramientas integradoras como el ACV-IO y el An??lisis Coste-Beneficio (ACB). Finalmente se presentar?? c??mo y para qu?? se utilizan los modelos energ??ticos ya que son fundamentales para evaluar el papel de las distintas tecnolog??as energ??ticas en escenarios futuros
Electron attachment to nitric oxide (NO) controversy
No full textWe report novel total electron scattering cross sections (TCS) from nitric oxide (NO) in the impact energy range from 1 to 15 eV by using a magnetically confined electron transmission apparatus. The accuracy of the data to within 5% and its consistency across the energy range investigated, shows significant discrepancies from previous works as to the major resonance features and magnitude of the TCS. Within the shape of the TCS, we have identified nine features which have been assigned to electron attachment resonances, most of them reported for the first time, while a comprehensive analysis of those peaking at 7.0, 7.8, and 8.8 eV has led to solve the controversy about dissociative electron attachment (DEA) cross-section that persisted for more than 50 years