Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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SITES AND SAMPLING TOOLS IN THE SOIL FERTILITY EVALUATION OF COFFEE PLANTS IN PRODUCTION
Get PDFIn soil sampling, the collection site and the tool used may induce errors that can compromise the results of the chemical analysis and, consequently, the definition of corrective and fertilizer doses. The objective in this study was to evaluate soil sampling sites and tools in a coffee growing area. The experiment was carried out in a field in the municipality of Alfenas-MG, in a 35-year coffee field. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme and 4 replications, totaling 60 experimental units. The treatments consisted of 3 sampling sites: in the fertilizer strip (located in the projection of the plant canopy); between rows; and in the total area, with 1/3 of the samples collected under the canopy and close to the plant stem, 1/3 in the canopy projection and 1/3 collected between rows; and 5 sampling tools: Dutch auger; screw auger; probe; hoe and drill. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 0.2 m, and each composite sample was obtained by assembling and mixing 20 single samples. At each sampling point, an area of 2m2 was delimited, in which simple samples were collected in all the evaluated places and with all the tools used. The following parameters were determined in the soil samples: pH in CaCl2; potential acidity (H+Al); organic matter; P, extracted by Mehlich; K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and base saturation. In a coffee-growing area, he fertilizer strip (canopy projection) has topsoil with higher acidity and lower contents of organic matter and nutrients P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ than between rows. The tools used for soil sampling do not influence the results of soil chemical analysis in the coffee-growing area
SENSORY QUALITY OF ROASTED COFFEE BEANS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS
Get PDFRoasted coffee is subject to loss of quality due to aging, and the intensity of these losses is influenced by packaging. The objective in this study was to evaluate the possible losses in the sensory quality of a specialty roasted coffee, stored in beans for 150 days in different packages and storage temperatures. The experiment was carried out in the Coffee Classification and Industrialization Laboratories of IFSULDEMINAS Campus Muzambinho. The coffee was roasted and after 48 hours it was packed in three different packages and kept stored at room temperature and refrigerated at 18ºC ± 1ºC for 150 days, with evaluations every 50 days, starting from zero time. The experimental design used was entirely randomized with 3 repetitions. Sensory evaluation was performed by three Q-Grader judges, according to the SCAA protocol. The data were evaluated using the SISVAR software, and when significance between treatments was detected, the regression and Scott-Knott tests were applied at the 5% probability level. The packaging used for storage did not interfere in the quality of the coffee. There was an interaction between temperature and storage time for the sensory attribute “body”. The quality decreased linearly with the storage time, from 86 to 80 points, to 84 days of storage
SELECTIVITY OF FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL IN YOUNG COFFEE PLANTS
Get PDFWeed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their big interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, as a function of its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee plants, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Fluazifop-p-butyl in young coffee plants, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), cultivated in pots with a capacity of 11 L substrate. The statistical design was randomized block design (RBD), with four replications and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The evaluations were performed at 120 days after application of the treatments. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. Regardless of the evaluated characteristic, there was no difference between the doses of the herbicide. There were no visual phytotoxicity symptoms in the young coffee plants that received the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The growth of the coffee plants, as well as the physiological and anatomical characteristics, were not altered due to the application of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl
l.240 ADAPTABILITY AND STABILITY OF Coffea arabica LINES IN THE WESTERN AMAZON
Get PDFGrowing Coffea arabica in regions of the Western Amazon is limited by early maturation and by its limited adaptation to regions of low altitude and high temperature. The aim in this study was to quantify the genotype × environment interaction of C. arabica lines in four different environments of the Western Amazon, seeking to assist selection of new lines with greater adaptability and stability for the region. In the months of December 2012 and January 2013, four competitive trials were set up in municipalities of the states of Rondônia and Acre. Each trial was composed of 21 lines and 4 reference cultivars evaluated as controls recommended for planting in the southeast region. In combined analysis, significant differences were not detected between the cultivars and controls; the mean yield of hulled coffee was 12.05 bags ha-1. The Alta Floresta Do Oeste environment has higher yield and is the only environment favorable for growing C. arabica; that environment is differentiated from the others through its higher altitudes and low temperatures. Through GGE biplot analyses, lines 12 and 13, identified as H514-7-10-6-9 and H514-7-10-6-2-3-9, were found to have results superior to the controls in the municipality of Alta Floresta Do Oeste, RO. The gain from selection of 56% obtained from line G12 and the gain of 46% obtained from line G13 show performance superior to the best control. The germplasm studied does not have genetic variability that contributes to selection of plants for adaptation to the low altitude and high temperatures in the amazonic region
THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY-DRIP FILTRATION METHODS ON THE CHEMICAL AND SENSORIAL PROPERTIES OF COFFEE (COFFEA ARABICA L. VAR. CASTILLO)
Get PDFCoffee prepared via gravity-drip filtration is an alternative to obtain varied sensorial profiles and determine the acidity, bitterness, and body thereof. In the present study, the retention of certain bioactive components was determined, as was the antioxidant activity and cup profiles for coffee beverages prepared by way of seven different gravity-drip filtration methods. The methods which registered the greatest bioactive metabolite retention were the Vietnamese, Clever, and RS 16 methods. The greatest hydroxycinnamic acid content was obtained with the Clever, Yama, Vietnamese, and V60 methods, in descending order. Antioxidant capacity was proportional to the retention of bioactive components, by way of ABTS and ORAC techniques, in the beverages prepared. The V60 and V60 Kalita methods retained the lowest amounts these compounds and their activity. The most predominant hydroxycinnamic acid in the seven evaluated preparations was chlorogenic acid. In accordance with consumer preferences, which seek functional food, it is recommended that coffee be consumed using the Clever or Vietnamese preparation methods, which present fuller body and enhanced bitter notes. In their absence, the RS 16 method is suggested, which presents a sensorial profile identical to that of the U.G.Q. pattern, with less intensity of bitterness
ARABICA COFFEE CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN THE CENTRAL CERRADO REGION
Get PDFPhenotypic characterization of coffee cultivars under an irrigation system, as well as adaptability to controlled water stress, aiming at flowering uniformity, high yield and grain quality, plays an important role in coffee production in the cerrado areas. A field trial was carried out aiming to evaluate the agronomic performance of arabica coffee cultivars under different water regimes, using center pivot irrigation: irrigation throughout the year (WR1); suspended at the end of June for 40 days until leaf water potential reached -1.5 MPa (WR2); suspended at the end of June for 70 days until leaf water potential reached -2.3 MPa (WR3); suspended at the end of June for 100 days until leaf water potential reached -3.4 MPa (WR4); and a non-irrigated regime (WR5). The following traits were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, canopy projection, number of plagiotropic branches, coffee grain yield, percentage of fruit in the cherry stage, and sieve retention percentages. Higher yield, plant growth, and percentage of fruit in the cherry stage are observed in the water regime with seventy days of controlled water stress (WR3). The Obatã IAC 1669-20 cultivar exhibits high yield and plant growth values in an irrigated system, and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 86 stands out in the non-irrigated system. For these genotypes, the coffee grain yield is most highly correlated with number of reproductive branches
DIETARY FIBER AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLUTEN-FREE COOKIES WITH COFFEE CHERRY FLOUR ADDITION
Get PDFCoffee husk and coffee pulp are by-product of coffee fruit and bean processing, can be considered as potential functional ingredients for food production as coffee cherry flour (CCF). The CCF contains a lot of carbohydrates, proteins, caffeine, tannins, and polyphenols. In this study, CCF was combined with modified arrowroot starch (MAS) and modified cassava flour (MOCAF) into cookies and improvement on the physical, chemical, and nutraceutical properties of the cookies were studied. The cookies consisted of 20 % of MOCAF and 80 % mixed of modified arrowroot starch and CCF in five levels (80 %:0 %; 75 %:5 %; 70 %:10 %; 65 %:15 %; 60 %:20 %) and objective physical, chemical, and nutraceutical properties of the cookies were assessed. The results showed that the total dietary fiber content was enhanced from 11.69 % to 19.48 % with a high proportion of 20 % CCF. The cookies added with CCF displayed enhanced antioxidant activity. Acceptable cookies were obtained by adding 5 % CCF. Thus, the results implied that cookies with CCF addition obtained dietary fiber enriched cookies with improved antioxidant activity
SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION IN COFFEE PROGENIES OF MUNDO NOVO BY SELECTION INDICES
Get PDFCoffee cultivars that are better adapted and more productive can help reduce production costs and make coffee cultivation more profitable. The Mundo Novo cultivar has stood out as one of the most productive cultivars of Coffea arabica L. Therefore, the aim of this work was to select Mundo Novo progenies with high bean yield capacity and with other agronomic characteristics of interest. We evaluated the bean yield, seed size, plant height, upper and lower canopy diameter, stem diameter, and plant vigor of 24 F4 progenies and one check cultivar. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with three replications and experiments were carried out in two sites: São Sebastião do Paraíso (SSP) and Três Pontas (TP), MG, Brazil. The mixed model approach was used to calculate the genotypic value for each progeny, after which the selective accuracy and genetic gain of the two best progenies in each trait were calculated. To summarize, the simultaneous selection index of Mulamba and Mock was used to select the two most promising progenies at each site. In general, the genetic gain was higher at SSP than at TP. In SSP, the most promising progenies were 1 [IAC376-2 (M. Novo) x IAC386-17 (M. Novo)] and 20 [IAC382-10 (M. Novo) x IAC388-20 (M. Novo)]. In TP, the most promising progeny was 22 [H1535/181 (M. Novo) x (S795) 1344/10/5], together with the check (Mundo Novo IAC379/19). The highest selection gain was expressed for bean size (the percentage of beans retained in sieve 17)
NITROGEN FERTILIZERS TECHNOLOGIES FOR COFFEE PLANTS
Get PDFThe application of urea in coffee crop has caused high losses of nitrogen (N) by volatilization, causing the low use and recovery of this nutrient. This low use of N may interfere in the growth and nutrition of the coffee crop and thus, influence the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this work was to assess the growth, nutritional and physiological characteristics and the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization with different nitrogen fertilizer technologies. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in pots with a volume of 14 L. In each pot, it was performed the transplanting of two plants of coffee. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with four repetitions. The following nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the dose of 10g pot-1, splitted in three applications with interval of 50 days: Conventional urea; ammonium nitrate; urea + formaldehyde; Polyblen Extend®; Polyblen Montanha®; Urea + polyurethane; urea + plastic resin; ammonium sulfate + CaCO3 and the control, without N application. After cropping, it was evaluated the growth, nutritional and physiological parameters. Afterward, it was calculated two agronomic efficiency index of the nitrogen fertilization. The highest values of plants height, the total dry mass of plants and leaf area in coffee seedlings were found with the application of Polyblen Extend®. This blend also provided higher accumulation of N in the leaf and the whole plant. The application of Polyblen Extend® provided higher agronomic efficiency and also enhanced the photosynthetic rate in the coffee plants
50 MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE LEAF MINER: SPRAY VOLUME, EFFICACY OF CARTAP HYDROCHLORIDE AND IMPACT ON PARASITISM
Get PDFThe leaf miner is a key pest of coffee and the use of insecticides for its control results in high water consumption. The objective in this study was to evaluate the quali-quantitative aspects of reduced spray volumes with and without the addition of adjuvant, the efficacy of the insecticide cartap hydrochloride in the control of the pest and its effects on the parasitism. Two experiments were carried out in coffee plantations in São Desiderio, BA. Initially, solution of Brilliant Blue tracer (0.15% p v-1) of the 43, 112, 146 and 309 L ha-1 volumes was sprayed with and without the soybean oil methyl ester adjuvant (0.25 % v v-1). Before spraying, water-sensitive cards were fixed to the plants and subsequently used for analyze the droplet spectrum in Gotas 1.0 software. The tracer deposit was determined by spectrophotometry. Posteriorly, the insecticide cartap hydrochloride (0.5 kg a.i. ha-1) was applied in the same volumes and types of spray used in the first test. Infestation rates of pest and parasitism were evaluated before and after application of the insecticide. The quali-quantitative aspects of the sprays were affected by the volume of spray applied, by the adjuvant and by the interaction of the factors. The intermediate volumes yielded better spraying quality without the presence of the adjuvante, with higher number and desity of drops. The spraying volume affected the depoisto the Brilliant Blue tracer in a linear and positive form. The efficacy of the insecticide was prolonged with the lowest volume spray and with adjuvant and its impact on parasitism varied with the volume applied and time after application