Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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Genetic variability of conilon coffee population from cultivar ‘ES8152’ based on morphoagronomic variables
Get PDFThis study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of Coffea canephora population with 190 genotypes from cultivar ‘ES8152’, based on morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index, to identify the most important characteristics for genetic divergence and compare them with commercial clones. The experiment was installed, in 2019, at the Bananal do Norte Experimental Farm/INCAPER, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Federer’s augmented block design with three blocks, four common treatments (commercial clones A1, LB1, V8 and V12) and 190 regular treatments, genotypes from the seed production field of the conilon coffee cultivar ‘ES8152’. At 24 months of age 14 morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index were evaluated. Descriptive analysis of the data, the estimation of the Standardized Euclidean Distance (ED) followed by the grouping by the methods of Tocher, UPGMA and principal coordinates, in addition to the relative importance of the characters estimated by the Singh methodology were performed. The most distant genotypes were 62 and 83 (ED=2.620) and the closest were 42 and 160 (ED=0.208). Genotype 83 stood out as the most distant among the others. The optimization and hierarchical groupings allowed the identification of genotypes 15, 81, 107 and 184 as similar to commercial clones. The discard analysis of variables recommended the elimination of the vegetation index and average internode length of the next diversity analysis. Principal coordinate analysis found phenotypic similarity of the genotypes 30, 81, 115, 141 and 163 with the clone V12, of the genotype 119 with the clone A1 and genotype 17 with clone LB1. The study, of morphoagronomic characters, allowed to detection the genetic diversity existing in the materials evaluated, indicating those with phenotypic similarity with the commercial clones, being possible the early identification of promisinggenotypes, agronomically superior, to start a breeding program for clonal selection, recurrent selection and controlled crosses to maximize heterosis.
Key words: Coffea canephora; pre-breeding; genetic diversity; clusters
Applicability of the tetrazolium test to coffee seeds with different types and levels of stresses
Get PDFFor sale or use of coffee seeds after harvest, the coffee grower must have information regarding their initial quality, which must meet the standards established in the Sistema Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (SNSM). However, slow germination of coffee seeds makes it difficult to obtain results from evaluation of the seed physiological quality. An alternative for quick evaluation of coffee seed viability is the tetrazolium test. However, there are still questions regarding the true potential of the test for estimating the quality of seed lots with different levels of quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the tetrazolium test in estimating the viability of coffee seeds with different types of stress and levels of quality. Seeds of Coffea arabica L. were used, which were placed under the following treatments to obtain different types and levels of stresses: natural processing or fully-washed processing, different times of artificial aging, drying at high temperature, exposure to below-zero (°C) temperature, and storage under conditions without climate control. After obtaining the seed lots, the seeds were evaluated physiologically by the tetrazolium test and the germination test. The tetrazolium test overestimates the potential for production of normal seedlings of seed lots of Coffea arabica L. that have the lowest level of quality. The discrepancies between the results of viability in the tetrazolium test and the germination test vary according to the level of physiological quality and the type of stress the coffee seeds were under. We emphasize that the tetrazolium test in the SNSM as an alternative to the germination test in ascertaining the quality of coffee seeds must be reviewed since the results may significantly differ from the ability to produce normal seedlings.
Key words: Germination; Viability; Physiological quality; Coffea arabica L.; Quality control
Influence of the cut length of plagiotropic branches in conilon coffee stem cuttings for the seedling production
Get PDFIn the literature, no studies investigated which portion of the plagiotropic branches should be removed by pruning conilon coffee stem cuttings, as well as the effect of the remaining length of these branches on rhizogenesis, growth, and physiology of clonal seedlings. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the remaining length of plagiotropic branches of conilon coffee stem cuttings on the growth and physiology of conilon coffee clonal seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Fazenda Experimental de Marilândia, ES, Brazil, under a completely randomized design with five treatments and fifteen repetitions. The treatments referred to the length of plagiotropic branches (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 cm from the point of insertion with the stem). After 120 days of cultivation, vegetative growth and physiological aspects of the seedlings were evaluated. The remaining plagiotropic branches between 1.5 and 2.0 cmlong provide the best vegetative growth and physiological response of the conilon coffee seedlings. The lengths that provide the worst response, both in terms of growth and physiological aspects, were 0.5 and 2.5 cm.
Key words: Asexual propagation; Cloning; Seedling quality; Cuttings
Aluminum toxicity assessment in Coffea arabica cv. Catiguá MG2 under hydroponic conditions
Get PDFAluminum is an element commonly found in acid soils, notably known by their pH values ranging around 5. At soil pH values at or below pH 5, aluminum may drastically interfere with phosphorus uptake by plants, inhibit root growth, and induce cell death. This study aimed to assess the tolerance of Coffea arabica cv. Catiguá MG2 seedlings in a solution containing Al under hydroponic conditions using a simple, relatively fast protocol. Seedlings at 6 months of age, established in vitro, were cultivated in Hoagland solution (¼ strength and pH 4.0) supplemented with different concentrations of Al (0; 0.888; 1.666; and 2.499 mM) provided from the source AlK(SO4)2.12H2O for 30 days. The higher Al3+ concentrations caused more evident symptoms of toxicity, unlike the 0.888 mM that caused little damage to the roots. The control seedlings did not exhibit any symptoms of nutritional deficiencies. Although theprotocol has been used only for a specific coffee cultivar, it is expected to be useful in the assessment of Al-caused toxicity in other coffee materials when exposing seedlings to Al in the hydroponic system with a dilution of Hoagland solution, and could be useful for the quick identification of coffee genotypes with certain Al tolerance.
Key words: Acid soils; Aluminum tolerance; Root elongation inhibition; Cell death; Hoagland solution
Resistance of Coffea canephora as a sustainable tool for Meloidogyne incognita control
Get PDFMany factors can affect coffee production, such as the root-knot nematode, a soil pathogen that can kill plants up to two years old. In infested areas, the cultivation of resistant genotypes is an economical and ecologically appropriate alternative. The present study aims to evaluate the resistance of Coffea canephora clones to Meloidogyne incognita. Evaluations were carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Rondônia (Porto Velho -RO) between September 2019 and November 2020. Genotypes were inoculated with M. incognita in four experiments with six replications with a completely randomized design. Root dry weight (RDW), the number of galls (NG) and the reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. Eighty-six coffee clones were evaluated, with 50 clones showing resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and 36 clones showing susceptibility. Clones classified as resistant had an average reproduction factor of 0.33 with a range of 0.00 to 0.95, while clones classified as susceptible had an average reproduction factor of 3.48 with an amplitude ranging from 1.02 to14.46. The number of galls was also higher in susceptible clones than in resistant clones. Considering the ten most cultivated clones, the genotypes GJ8, GJ25, P50, SK80, AS2, P42 and LB10 were classified as resistant, and the genotypes GJ3, GJ5 and SK41 were classified as susceptible. Taken together, the results identify resistant C. canephora clones as an important and sustainable tool for controlling M. incognita.
Key words: Genetic control; Plant resistance; Coffee
Identifying Coffea genotypes tolerant to water deficit
Get PDFApproximately 26% of the coffee grown in Colombia is located in areas presenting water deficit, with some of these areas also presenting high solar brightness. This combination reduces coffee production, thus affecting the income of 31% of the country’s coffee-growing families. To identify accessions of the Colombian Coffee Collection (CCC) that are tolerant to water deficit, 65 genotypes were evaluated in screenhouse conditions using two soil moisture treatments: (1) soil at field capacity (60% moisture) and (2) water deficit conditions, with soil at 50% field capacity (30% moisture). After five months, total biomass was determined as the sum of the biomass of leaves, stems, and roots, and values analyzed according to the Student's t test for independent samples at a level of significance of 5%. Reducing irrigation under water deficit conditions usually delays accession growth, which is reflected in decreased biomass. However, the total biomass of nine Ethiopian introductions of Coffea arabica (CCC238, CCC254, CCC284, CCC372, CCC474, CCC536, CCC537, CCC555, CCC1147), six diploid accessions (CCC1030, EA.20, EA.209, EA.227, EA.229, EA.287), and three interspecific hybrids of Caturra x Coffea canephora (25, 640, 702) in water deficit conditions did not differ statistically from the total biomass obtained in treatments with irrigation at field capacity. Because these introductions present adaptation mechanisms to water deficit, they retain their leaves without reducing their leaf area or total biomass and should accordingly be considered as candidates for evaluation in dry regions to determine their tolerance to water deficit based on effects on production or biomass.
Key words: Coffea arabica; Coffea canephora; interspecific hybrids; total dry biomass; water stress
MGS Aranãs: the new Arabica coffee cultivar developed by Epamig with wide adaptation
Get PDFThis paper describes the MGS Aranãs cultivar (H32-11-17-4-2-MS-MS) resulting from a cross between the cultivars Icatu 3851-2 and Catimor. The MGS Aranãs cultivar is characterized by small size, ripe red fruits, large seeds, coffee leaf rust resistance, an architecture suitable for densification, production stability, and high beverage quality. This new cultivar is recommended for the Sul de Minas, Cerrado Mineiro and Vale do Jequitinhonha regions.
Key words: Sustainability; Coffee leaf rust; Beverage quality; Minas Gerais state
Economic sustainability analysis of the specialty coffee farmers in Garça/SP
Get PDFIn the face of new market opportunities, farmers can increase the value of the product. This is in Short Food Supply Chains (SFSCs) based on the value of origin and tradition. Farmers use this valuation as a product differentiation that improves their economic Sustainability. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the economic Sustainability of specialty coffee farmers in Garça, Sao Paulo State (Brazil), after participating in SFSCs. For this reason, the research approach was qualitative and quantitative, with the study of several cases and the application of the semi-structured form with farmers. Data analysis, descriptive statistics, and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test were used. The results indicated the introduction of farmers in new markets, various distribution forms, and the addition of product varieties and premium prices, which contributed to profitability. Infrastructure costs, however, were expensive. One of thecontributions of this study is to describe the specialty coffee supply chain when it is sold directly for consumption, shifting from the traditional coffee market to short chains, contributing to the literature, and the farmers in a country with limited financial resources addressing an improvement of income.
Key words: Direct sales; Alternative food networks; Territory; Direct farm marketing; Economic local
Selection of Conilon coffee clones for the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Get PDFRecently, the cultivation of Coffea canephora species has expanded as a consequence of climate change effects and emerging markets that use this coffee as raw material. To meet such demands of production, it is necessary to also improve yield in cultivated areas. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate Conilon coffee clones to identify the most promising fitting material for the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais, as well as to analyze the effect of the genotype x biennium interaction and estimate correlation coefficients among evaluated characteristics. Vegetative vigor, yield, main pests and diseases were evaluated in 36 clones from Incaper, ES. The statistical analyzes considered the averages of each biennium (2005/2006 and 2006/2007; 2007/2008 and 2008/2009) and also the average of three biennia concomitantly. Univariate and joint statistical analyzes were performed, as well as estimates of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation coefficients among assessed characteristics. A wide variability among clones was observed for most of the evaluated characteristics for both each biennium and the average of three biennia. The severities of most diseases have reduced over the years of cultivation. The genotypic correlation coefficients have overcome phenotypic and environmental ones. In general, pests and diseases severities showed significant and negative correlations with vegetative vigor and yield. On the other hand, the last two characteristics were positively correlated. It was also evidenced a certain diversity among clones for most of the evaluated traits. Clone x biennium interaction was significant only for yield and leaf rust severity. There are negative correlations among the characteristics associated with yield and pests and diseases occurrences, which make it possible the use of yield variable as a selection parameter. Clones 24, 23, 28, 26, 21, 29 and 06 MG/ES present a higher potential for cultivation in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais.
Key words: Breeding; coffea canephora; correlations; genotype-environment interaction
Effect of flight operative height and genotypes on conilon coffee spraying using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Get PDFThis study analyzed the effect of operational flight height and conilon coffee genotypes in the deposition and uniformity of destruction in the plant’s canopy. The experiment was carried out with a randomized block design and treatments arranged in a factorial scheme, with three operational flight heights in relation to the coffee canopy and three genotypes of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora). The parameters evaluated were volume median diameter (VMD), density of drops and coverage (%). The interaction between flight height variables and canopy’s range was significant for the data on VMD variables, droplet density and coverage. According to the results, spray performance at an average height of 3.0 m is better than at 2.0 and 4.0 m. At 4.0 m, we observed a decrease in these variables, and this can be explained by a possible drift caused by the wind intensity and direction at higher heights. The coverage on the genotype A1 leaves was higher when compared to the other genotypes, although the height was significantly different only in this genotype, 8.1% at 4.0 m, we observed at this height the lowest coverage values.
Key words: Remotely piloted aircraft; spray system; droplet uniformity; Water-sensitive paper; Coffea canephora