12014 research outputs found
Sort by
Transient multifocal pulmonary uptake of 99mTc-sestamibi in myocardial perfusion imaging: Iatrogenic clot artifact
No full textA novel decision tree approach to predict the probability of conversion to multiple sclerosis in Iranian patients with optic neuritis
No full textBackground: assessing the risk of conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients with optic neuritis (ON) has been the topic of numerous studies. However, since the risk factors differ from population to population, the extension of conclusions is a matter of debate. This study focused on the Iranian patients with optic neuritis and assessed the probability of conversion to multiple sclerosis by using a machine-based learning decision tree. Methods: in this retrospective, observational study the medical records of patients with optic neuritis from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed. Baseline vision, the treatment modality, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and patients� demographics were gathered to evaluate the odds of each factor for conversion to MS. The decision tree was then obtained from these data based on their specificity and sensitivity to predict the probability of conversion to MS. Results: the overall conversion rate to MS was 42.2 (117/277). 63.1 percent of patients had abnormal MRIs at baseline. The presence of white matter plaque had the highest odds for the conversion followed by the positive history of optic neuritis attack and gender. The regression tree showed that the presence of plaque was the most important predicting factor that increased the probability of conversion from 16 to 51 percent. Conclusion: the decision tree could predict the probability of conversion to MS by considering multiple risk factors with acceptable precision. © 202
The economic burden of cancer in iran during 1995-2019: A systematic review
No full textBackground: Cancer is the third cause of death following cardiovascular disease and accidents, in Iran. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the economic burden of cancer studies in Iran. Methods: This systematic review examined the types of direct medical and non-medical costs and indirect costs in cancer patients and includes studies in English and Persian that were reviewed in Scopus, Web of science, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and databases of Medline, etc., from 1995-2019. Results: Twenty-one articles were included. Most studies have examined the direct costs of all types of cancers. The articles reviewed different types of cancer, such as prostate cancer (n=2), colorectal cancer (n=2), breast cancer (n=4), gastric cancer (n=2), oral and pharyngeal cancer (n=1), lung cancer (n=3), and blood cancer (n=4). The great number of studies were related to the gastrointestinal, breast and blood cancers. The gastrointestinal (gastric and colorectal) and breast cancer had the major economic burden than others. Conclusion: It is necessary that special attention to patients, supportive measures to reduce the share of costs, and more budget allocation for prevention, screening and early detection being at priorities in the health system planning. © 2021, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved
An adult case with absence of left pulmonary artery and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Case report and literature review
Get PDFUnilateral absence of pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disorder that can remain asymptomatic until adulthood. Absence of left pulmonary artery (ALPA) has been reported in one-third of these patients. We are the first to introduce an adult case of ALPA associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. © 2021 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Conceptual approach to body fluids and edema, education determines clinical outcomes in nephrotic syndrome management
No full textThe objective of our paper is to reemphasize the importance of critical thinking in clinical practice and education in the field of internal medicine using the example of edema. We provide an in-depth and interactive investigation of physiological concepts as a foundation for the understanding of body fluid dynamics. Four fundamental concepts described are the hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients, capillary permeability, and lymphatic drainage. Furthermore, we visit the causes of edema in nephrotic syndrome. Traditional teaching considers hypoalbuminemia as a primary cause of edema formation in nephrotic syndrome. It has been proven that other etiologies causing edema include salt and water retention by the kidneys and a possible increase in capillary permeability are more important causes in the development of edema in nephrotic syndrome. © 2021, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved
A comparative study between non�colistin based combinations for treatment of infections caused by extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: comments
No full textThe effect of upper lid blepharoplasty on forehead and glabellar lines
No full textPurpose: To assess the role of upper blepharoplasty on probable reduction of forehead horizontal lines and glabellar frowns in patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Design: This is a prospective study on 32 female patients with aged between 35 and 75 years and underwent standard blepharoplasty. Method: Measurement of mid brow to hairline distance (MBHLD) and inter brow distance (IBD) were performed within 3 days before, 1 and 6 months after the blepharoplasty surgery. The surgeon and patients reported the extent of their satisfaction about the beneficial effect of upper lid blepharoplasty on decreasing forehead and glabellar lines. Results: Compared to MBHLD at baseline time before the surgery, significant increase was observed in MDHLD after 1 and 6 months follow up in both eyes (p-values were less than 0.05). IBD reached the significant increase after 1 and 6 month(s) after upper lid blepharoplasty (p-values were less than 0.05). On the other hand, compared to mean of IBD in 1 month after surgery, IBD decreased significantly. 59.3 of patients reported satisfaction of high level of improvement in lessening of wrinkles. Conclusion: Our observations documented the beneficial effects in reducing the forehead and glabellar line in patients who underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Simultaneous removal of phenol and chromium reduction from the aqueous solution with photocatalytic process in the presence of ZnO-activated carbon fibre composite
No full textSimultaneous removal of phenol and chromium Cr(VI) reduction in aqueous solution was evaluated using ZnO-activated carbon fibre (ZnO/ACF) composite in a photoreactor. ZnO/ACF composite was synthesised by the hydrothermal method, and its characteristics were characterised by techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The effect of some operational factors such as pH, composite dosage, initial concentrations and contact time on the removal efficiency was studied through the photocatalytic runs using ZnO/ACF composite. SEM analysis demonstrated that the flowerlike structure of ZnO adhered successfully to the ACF surface. XRD analysis also confirmed patterns for the wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO and ACF for ZnO/ACF composite. Results of photocatalytic experiments showed that 20 mg/L of Cr(VI) and 20 mg/L of phenol were completely removed in acidic conditions with 1.5 g/L of ZnO/ACF after 45 and 50 min, respectively. With an increase in the concentration of pollutant from 5 to 20 mg/L, the k obs values decreased from 0.0512 to 0.0059 for phenol and decreased from 0.0489 to 0.0057 for chromium, while the electrical energy per order (E E0) increased from 99.77 to 856.15 kWh/m3for phenol and increased from 93.78 to 847.18 kWh/m3 for chromium. The use of ZnO/ACF composite is considerably improving the performance of the photocatalytic process. Therefore, ZnO/ACF/ultravioletcould be recommended as an effective process to simultaneously removal of phenol and Cr(VI) reduction in toxic wastewater. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
1H-MRS application in the evaluation of response to photo-thermal therapy using iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles, an in vivo study
No full textBackground: Photo-thermal therapy (PTT) has been at the center of attention as a new method for cancer treatment in recent years. It is important to predict the response to treatment in the PTT procedure. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be considered a novel technique in evaluating changes in metabolites resulted from PTT. Methods: In the present project, we conducted an in vivo study to assess the efficacy of 1H-MRS as a noninvasive technique to evaluate the response to treatment in the early hours following PTT. The BALB/c mice subcutaneously bearing tumor cells (CT26 cell line) were scanned by 1H-MRS before and after PTT. Iron oxide-gold core�shell (Fe3O4@Au) as PTT agent was injected into intra-peritoneal at first and then irradiated by NIR laser. Single-voxel Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence (TE = 144) was used, and metabolites alternations were evaluated by the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Besides, Nanoparticle (NP) relaxometry was conducted for negative contrast agents� potentials. Results: MRS choline (Cho) peak dramatically reduced 24 h post-PTT (p = 0.01) and lipid peak as a marker for necrosis of tumor elevated (p = 0.01) just in group 3 (NPs injection + laser irradiation) 24 h after the procedure. Conclusion: 1H-MRS showed its potential as a method in detecting the changes in metabolites and revealing the outcome accurately. Response to photo-thermal therapy evaluation was achievable only one day after PTT and proved by a 10-day follow-up of the tumor size. Iron oxide-gold core�shell can also be used as a negative contrast agent in MRI images during therapy. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association,European Society for Photobiology
Emergency Physicians Performing Point-of-Care Lung Sonography to Diagnose Pneumonia: A Prospective Multicenter Study
No full textObjective: There has always been some issues in the accurate diagnosis of pneumonia, a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits and revisits, which is typically made based on the patient�s clinical syndrome. This is made more difficult due to the traditional chest radiography having limited accuracy. This prospective multicenter study was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care lung sonography performed by emergency physicians for the diagnosis of pneumonia in an acute care setting. This was compared with chest computed tomography (CT), the diagnostic gold standard. Methods: ED patients who presented with signs and symptoms of pneumonia were eligible to enroll in the study. After enrollment, point-of-care lung sonography was performed on patients by emergency physicians who had passed a focused teaching course on lung sonographic findings of pneumonia. All enrolled patients were followed up. Patients who underwent a chest CT during their hospital admission course were finally included and analyzed. Results: Emergency physicians who performed a point-of-care lung sonography had a sensitivity of 100, specificity of 75, positive predictive value of 88.88, negative predictive value of 100, and an overall accuracy of 90 in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Conclusion: These emergency physicians could accurately diagnose pneumonia, with a point-of-care lung sonography, after completing a focused sonography course. © The Author(s) 2021