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Effects of dry needling on post-stroke brain activity and muscle spasticity of the upper limb: a case report
No full textClinical and epidemiological characteristics of postdischarge patients with COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran: Protocol for a prospective cohort study (Tele-COVID-19 study)
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Given that the severe shortage of hospital beds has led to early discharge and insufficient patient education on home care routines and isolation protocols, the close follow-up of patients and their immediate relatives is an integral part of transitioning from hospital care to home care for patients with COVID-19. Objective: We designed the Tele-COVID-19 prospective cohort to follow-up with COVID-19 patients in Tehran, Iran, and improve health care delivery and the recording of postdischarge patients� clinical profiles. Methods: All adult patients who were admitted to the COVID-19 wards of teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran were eligible to participate in this cohort study. At baseline, patients were recruited from 4 major hospitals from March 9, 2020 to May 20, 2020. Telephone follow-ups, which were led by volunteer medical students, were conducted on postdischarge days 1-3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. We collected data on a range of sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics by using a standard questionnaire. Results: Of the 950 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were approached, 823 (response rate: 86.6) consented and were enrolled into the cohort. Of the 823 participants, 449 (54.5) were male. The mean age of participants was 50.1 years (SD 12.6 years). During the initial data collection phase, more than 5000 phone calls were made and over 577 reports of critical patients who were in need of urgent medical attention were recorded. Conclusions: The Tele-COVID-19 cohort will provide patients with sufficient education on home care and isolation, and medical advice on care and the proper use of drugs. In addition, by preventing unnecessary hospital returns and providing information on household SARS-CoV-2 transmission as early as possible, this cohort will help with effective disease management in resource-limited settings. © Laya Jalilian Khave, Mohammad Vahidi, Dorsa Shirini, Ghazal Sanadgol, Farzad Ashrafi, Mehran Arab-Ahmadi, Alireza Fatemi, Minoosh Shabani Barzegar, Taha Hassanzadeh, Behandokht Rezaei, Alireza Zali, Davood Ommi, Shabnam Nohesara, Reza Jalili Khoshnood, Saeed Abdi, Ali Pirsalehi, Ehsan Masarat, Mostafa Shokoohi, Mohammad Karamouzian
It is Time to Change Our Mindset and Perform More High-quality Research in Low Back Pain
No full textThe role of transcranial sonography in differentiation of dementia subtypes: an introduction of a new diagnostic method
No full textPurpose: Transcranial sonography (TCS) is increasingly used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. We assessed the role of third ventricle width (TVW), midbrain area (MA), and midbrain circumference (MC) by TCS for diagnosis and differentiation of dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in 59 patients with dementia including 19 patients with Alzheimer�s disease (AD), 10 Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 23 Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 7 Vascular dementia (VaD), and 22 normal-cognition individuals. Both case and control groups were matched by age, sex, and educational level. The dementia patients were divided into two subgroups: cortical-dominant dementia (CDD) including AD and FTD; and subcortical-dominant dementia (SDD) including DLB and VaD. TCS was performed through a temporal window, in which the size of TVW and midbrain was measured by trans-thalamic and trans-mesencephalic planes, respectively. Results: The mean TVW was 0.85 ± 0.3 cm and 0.66 ± 0.2 cm in dementia patients and the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). The MA/MC were smaller in dementia patients compared with the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). The TVW in CDD (p = 0.003) and SDD (p = 0.027), but only MA/MC in SDD (p < 0.05), was statistically different compared with the control group. Conclusion: The measurement of TVW and midbrain size by TCS can be used for diagnosis and differentiation of dementia. Patients with CDD and SDD have larger TVW than the control group, whereas patients with SDD have smaller midbrain sizes. © 2020, Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia
Impact of meningitis on cognitive skills and development in children
Get PDFThe present systematic review aims to investigate the impact of meningitis on the cognitive skills and development of children. In this systematic review, relevant studies were identified via searches through medical information databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI, EMBASE, Cochrane with the keywords of Meningitis, Meningitis and Complications, Meningitis and Children, Meningitis and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Meningitis and Development, and their derivatives. In this study, amongst 198 articles reviewed, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies, except one case, reported a decrease in growth and IQ in children who experienced meningitis. Based on the results of the present study, children who have experienced meningitis at a younger age are more prone to disability, growth retardation, and lower IQ than other children throughout the later years of their life. © 2021, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved
Effects of laser therapy on periorbital hyperpigmentation: a systematic review on current studies
No full textPeriorbital hyperpigmentation is a problem with complex multifactorial etiology, with early knowledge expanding. The purpose of the present study was to review studies on the efficacy of laser on periorbital hyperpigmentation. A systematic review of the data banks of scientific and research articles including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and Iranian databases including SID and Magiran is performed. The following keywords were used to evaluate existing articles: Periorbital Hyperpigmentation, Periorbital Darkening, Dark Eye Circle, Eye Dark Circle, Infraorbital Hyperpigmentation, Infraorbital Dark Circle, and Laser (1990�2018). Finally, 10 clinical trial articles were included. A total of 2.76 of patients responded poor, 11.4 responded fair to different types of lasers, 45.3 responded good, and 35.9 excellent responded to have been cured. As a long-term effect, less than 1 of patients received a poor score after their laser treatment. Twenty-five percent of the patients showed a fair result. In total, 26.27 of patients achieved good and 43.35 of patients received excellent response from laser treatment on periorbital hyperpigmentation after 4�6 months of laser therapy. A large percentage of patients (76.4) were satisfied with the effect of lasers on the reduction of moderate to high periorbital hyperpigmentation rates in the studies. Laser therapy is an effective and satisfactory therapeutic choice for treatment of periorbital hyperpigmentation. Also, it is safe overall with favorable sustainable results, although the follow-up periods usually last about several months. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd. part of Springer Nature
Systematic review of low-dose isotretinoin for treatment of acne vulgaris: Focus on indication, dosage, regimen, efficacy, safety, satisfaction, and follow up, based on clinical studies
No full textOral isotretinoin is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe acne and its side effects are mostly dose-dependent. Low dose isotretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day for 1 week every 4 weeks for 6-months) could be effective and even in its end result, comparable with high or optimal doses. In this systematic review, we aimed to sum up the results of clinical trials regarding indications, dosage, prescription protocol, effectiveness, side effects, patient satisfaction, recurrence rate, and follow-up period of low dose isotretinoin in treatment of acne. Cochrane, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Medline were searched. A total of 460 articles were searched electronically and 382 articles were excluded. About 4 were non-English and 2, before 1980. The full text of 72 articles was reviewed. Finally 15 documents met the inclusion criteria for entering this systematic review. The standard dose of isotretinoin is 0.5-1 mg/kg/day for 4 months with a total dose of 120-140 mg/kg/day. Daily doses between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg can be recommended for more than 6 months due to the occurrence of fewer side effects and more economical concerns. For greater effectiveness, it could be combined with other medications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Extended curettage versus en bloc resection for the treatment of grade 3 giant cell tumour of the knee with pathologic fracture: a retrospective study
No full textPurpose: For the treatment of giant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB) around the knee, preserving the native joint confers advantages over scarifying it. But, there is a controversy about the efficacy of intralesional curettage versus en bloc resection for treatment of such lesions. In this study, we compared local recurrence, functional outcomes, and complications of extended curettage and en bloc resection in these lesions. Methods: Patients with grade 3 GCTB of the distal femur or proximal tibia who were presented with a pathologic fracture and treated with either en bloc resection (n = 22) or extended curettage (n = 20) were included. The mean follow-up of the patients was 6.4 ± 1.9 years in the resection group and 5.5 ± 2.4 years in the extended curettage group. The primary outcome was a local recurrence. Secondary outcomes were limb function evaluated by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and rate of complications. Results: Local recurrence was seen in four (20) patients of the curettage group and three (13.7) patients of the resection group (P = 0.69). The mean MSTS score was 24 ± 1.9 in the resection group and 26.5 ± 1.3 in the curettage group (P < 0.001). The number of complications was not significantly different between the two study groups (P = 0.49). However, the number of complications that required revision surgery was significantly more in the resection group (P = 0.049). Conclusion: In grade 3 GCTB around the knee with pathologic fracture, extended curettage results in comparable oncologic outcomes to en bloc resection, while providing better function and a lower rate of revision. © 2020, SICOT aisbl
How social media facilitate health knowledge sharing among physicians
No full textRecent studies have increasingly emphasised the importance of using social media for knowledge sharing in healthcare. However, few studies have explored physicians� perspectives. The present study aimed to explore the potential roles of social media for facilitating knowledge sharing from Iranian physicians� perspectives. In the present qualitative study, semi-structure interview was administered to 21 physicians by adopting a purposive snowball sampling method. The data analysis was done using the thematic analysis method by MAXQDA 10. The analysis of interviews resulted in the extraction of 164 codes into three themes and eight sub-themes. Accordingly, the main benefits of social media for sharing health knowledge were as follows: supporting information encountering, stimulate knowledge sharing and facilitating tacit knowledge sharing. Although physicians have different attitudes toward using social media, similar to other health professionals, facilitating the role of social media to facilitate knowledge sharing can be beneficial to physicians The study aims to provide an opportunity for physicians and healthcare management to better understand the impact of social media in health knowledge sharing. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
