12014 research outputs found
Sort by
The association of insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the risk of insulin-related disorders: a prospective cohort study among participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Get PDFBackground: We aim to assess the association of empirical dietary (EDIH) and lifestyle (ELIH) index for hyperinsulinemia with the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell dysfunction in Iranian adults. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 1244 men and women aged � 20 years were selected among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed for 3.2 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle insulinemic potential indices were calculated using dietary intake, body mass index, and physical activity information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associated risk of a 3-year incidence of insulin-related disorders. Results: The mean ± SD age and BMI of all eligible participants (42.7 males) were 43.0 ± 13.0 and 27.4 ± 4.9 in the study's baseline. After adjusting for all potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of ELIH score had a greater risk of developing hyperinsulinemia (OR:2.42, 95CI:1.52�3.86, P for trend = < 0.001), insulin resistance (OR:2.71, 95CI:1.75�4.18, P for trend = < 0.001) and insulin insensitivity (OR:2.65, 95CI: 1.72�4.10, P for trend = < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the risk of incident β-cell dysfunction was lower in individuals with a higher score of ELIH in comparison to those with the lowest score (OR:0.30, 95CI:0.19�0.45, P for trend = < 0.001). Conclusions: Empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia was directly associated with insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and hyperinsulinemia and was inversely associated with β-cells dysfunction. © 2021, The Author(s)
The effect of education based on health belief model on promoting preventive behaviors of hypertensive disease in staff of the Iran University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is one of the major causes of many diseases, such as heart attack, strokes, kidney failure, and many internal disorders. This presentresearch study aimed to investigate the impact of educational programs based on the health belief model to promote hypertension prevention behavior of Iran University of Medical Sciences staff. Methods: This study has incorporated pretest-posttest quasi-experimental based on 128 staff members and randomly assigned the recruited and involved participants to an intervention (n = 64) and a control group (n = 64). The data collection tool was based on a questionnaire related to health belief model constructs based on 42 questions. The study interpreted the results using ANCOVA and robust ANCOVA as suitable approaches. Results: ANCOVA showed improvement in the cues to participants� action following educational interventional (p = 0.011). the robust ANCOVA specified that the intervention was successful for participants with low to moderate initial levels of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy scores. The levels of these components did not change in participants with very high baseline scores. Compared to a control group, regardless of baseline score, the perceived benefits and practice (behavior) of participants at the intervention group were improved significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This current study specified that the education-based health belief model effectively promotes hypertension preventive behaviors among Iran University of Medical Sciences staff. © 2021, The Author(s)
Explaining the reasons for not maintaining the health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs: a qualitative study in Iran
Get PDFBackground: Although the workers in many occupations are at the greatest risk of catching and spreading COVID-19 due to assembling and contacting people, the owners of these occupations do not follow COVID-19 health instructions. The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons for not maintaining health guidelines to prevent COVID-19 in high-risk jobs in Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach among people with high-risk jobs in Tehran during March and April of 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 31 people with high-risk occupations selected by purposeful sampling and snowballing. The data were analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method and MAXQDA-18 software. Guba and Lincoln�s criteria were also used to evaluate the quality of the research results. Results: 4 main categories and 13 sub-categories were obtained, including individual factors (personality traits, lack of self-efficacy, little knowledge of the disease and how to observe health norms related to it, misconceptions about health), structural factors (difficulty of access to health supplies, lack of supportive environment, weak laws and supervision, the poor performance of officials and national media), economic factors (economic costs of living, lack of government economic support), Socio-cultural factors (learning, cultural beliefs, social customs, and rituals). Conclusion: COVID-19 prevention requires intervention at different levels. At the individual level: increasing people�s awareness and understanding about how to prevent COVID-19 and strengthening self-efficacy in observing health norms, at the social level: highlighting positive patterns of observing health issues and training people about the consequences of social interactions during the outbreak of the virus, and at the macro level: strengthening regulatory rules and increasing people�s access to hygienic products and support for the vulnerable must be taken into account. © 2021, The Author(s)
Association of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with risk of diabetes incident in Tehranian adults: a population based cohort study
Get PDFBackground: We aimed to assess the associations between insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle and the risk of diabetes incident, using four empirical indices including the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), the empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH), and empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR). Methods: A total of 3734 individuals, aged � 20 years old, who were free of diabetes at baseline (2008�2011), were followed for 6.2 years (2015�2018) to ascertain incident diabetes. The food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intakes at baseline. Odds ratio (OR) of diabetes were calculated across quartiles of EDIH, EDIR, ELIH, and ELIR using logistic regression, which controlled for confounding factors. Results: The mean ± SD age and BMI of individuals (45.1 male) were 40.9 ± 12.0 years and 27.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 253 (6.8 ) diabetes cases were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted model, individuals in the highest quartile of EDIR (1.58;95 CI:1.03�2.44, P for trend = 0.025), ELIH (1.89;95 CI:1.20�2.97, P for trend = 0.004), and ELIR (1.74; 95 CI:1.11�2.72, P for trend = 0.031) had increased the risk of diabetes. However, no significant associations were found between the score of EDIH and diabetes incident. Conclusions: Higher adherence to EDIR, ELIH, and ELIR scores were associated with increased risk of diabetes, while no significant association was found between EDIH score and diabetes incident. © 2021, The Author(s)
Correction to: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates adipogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells dose-dependently (Nutrition & Metabolism, (2021), 18, 1, (29), 10.1186/s12986-021-00561-4)
Get PDFFollowing publication of the original article 1, the authors identified an error in the affiliation of Dr. Mehdi Hedayati. © 2021, The Author(s)
Overview of host miRNA properties and their association with epigenetics, long non-coding RNAs, and Xeno-infectious factors
Get PDFMicroRNA-derived structures play impressive roles in various biological processes. So dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to different human diseases. Recent studies have extended our comprehension of the control of miRNA function and features. Here, we overview some remarkable miRNA properties that have potential implications for the miRNA functions, including different variants of a miRNA called isomiRs, miRNA arm selection/arm switching, and the effect of these factors on miRNA target selection. Besides, we review some aspects of miRNA interactions such as the interaction between epigenetics and miRNA (different miRNAs and their related processing enzymes are epigenetically regulated by multiple DNA methylation enzymes. moreover, DNA methylation could be controlled by diverse mechanisms related to miRNAs), direct and indirect crosstalk between miRNA and lnc (Long Non-Coding) RNAs as a further approach to conduct intercellular regulation called �competing endogenous RNA� (ceRNA) that is involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and the interaction of miRNA activities and some Xeno-infectious (virus/bacteria/parasite) factors, which result in modulation of the pathogenesis of infections. This review provides some related studies to a better understanding of miRNA involvement mechanisms and overcoming the complexity of related diseases that may be applicable and useful to prognostic, diagnostic, therapeutic purposes and personalized medicine in the future. © 2021, The Author(s)
Ultrasound-assisted decomposition of metronidazole by synthesized TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocatalyst: Influencing factors and mechanisms
No full textThis study focused on the facile preparation of TiO2/Fe3O4 catalyst prepared by the sol-gel approach as an efficient catalyst for decomposition and mineralization of metronidazole (MTN) in TiO2/Fe3O4/US process. FE-SEM, EDX, VSM, FTIR and XRD analyses were used to characterize the catalyst. The results confirmed the formation of TiO2/Fe3O4 catalyst with the average crystallite size of 32.4 nm. The influence of various factors such as solution pH, catalyst dose, initial MTN concentration and ultrasonic (US) power was examined on MTN decomposition. Also, the effect of various scavengers and inorganic anions was evaluated. In addition, mineralization of MTN, intermediates, reusability and stability tests of catalyst was also investigated. The removal efficiency of MTN by TiO2/Fe3O4 assisted ultrasonic was higher than of pure TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Under the optimal conditions (TiO2/Fe3O4 dosage = 1.0 g L�1, pH = 5.0, initial MTN content = 10 mg L�1, US power = 40 W and time = 90 min), 97.5 of MTN was removed. The scavenging studies expressed that �OH radicals were the main active species in the process. The GC�MS analysis showed that MTN was firstly decomposed into aromatic and aliphatic intermediates in the first stage of the reactions and then mineralized to CO2, H2O and inorganic ions. The removal efficiency of 91.2 for COD and 73.6 for TOC approved the efficient mineralization of MTN solution. The low leakage value of Fe and high reusability of the catalyst (within six consecutive cycles) indicated that TiO2/Fe3O4 had a high stability and reusability and makes it a promising catalyst for efficient degradation of antibiotics in the practical applications. © 202
Higher health literacy score is associated with better healthy eating index in Iranian adults
No full textObjective: Although there is some evidence for the importance of health literacy (HL), many health complications and nutrition knowledges such as portion size assessment, knowing the food labels, and choosing the nutrition sources affecting diet quality, data about HL and healthy eating index (HEI) are limited and controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between HL and HEI in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 261 adults 18 to 65 y of age from five districts of Tehran, Iran. HL was estimated using the Health Literacy for Iranian Adult (HELIA) questionnaire. Dietary intake, sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were collected using validated questionnaires. Diet quality was assessed based on HEI-2015 scores using data from a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Despite components of HEI-2015, the association between HEI-2015 and HL tertiles was significant (P of crude model = 0.007) even after adjustment for possible confounders. Multivariate regression showed a positive relationship between HL and HEI-2015 that was significant before (β = 0.12, P = 0.04) and after controlling for the confounding effect in model 1 (β = 0.14, P = 0.03). Additionally, a positive association between physical activity and HL was shown (β = 0.12, P = 0.03) and finally among the HEI components, only saturated fats were significantly related to HL (β = �0.11, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Findings from the present study confirmed a considerable association between HL and HEI and shows HL levels have an important role in adherence to the Iranian Dietary Guidelines. © 2021 Elsevier Inc
Photocatalytic removal of bentazon by copper doped zinc oxide nanorods: Reaction pathways and toxicity studies
No full textIn this study, bentazon herbicide was degraded photocatalytically by copper doped zinc oxide nanorods fabricated by using a facile co-precipitation method. The crystal structure, morphology, surface composition, functional groups on the surface and valence state of the nanorods were investigated by XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XPS material characterization techniques. Environmental parameters including solution pH, catalyst dose, bentazon concentration, purging gases, H2O2 content, organic compound type and reusability affecting the rate of photocatalytic degradation of bentazon were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, Bentazon0 = 20 mg L�1, Cu�ZnO loading = 0.5 g L�1, H2O2 = 2 mM, pH = 7 and in the presence of oxygen gas, 100% of the herbicide was removed within 60 min. By raising bentazon concentration (10�50 mg L�1), kobs decreased to values between 0.14 and 0.006 min�1 and the calculated electrical energy per order (EEo) increased from 38.16 to 727.27 (kWh m�3), respectively. The degradation removal of the herbicide using the UV/Cu�ZnO method (98.28%) was higher than that of the UV/ZnO method (32.14%) process. Interestingly, the photocatalytic performances in the first and fifth reuse cycles during catalyst recyclability tests were found to be similar. Generally, the efficacy of the method in the decomposition of bentazon in drinking water (78.95%) and actual sewage (46.77%) declined because of the presence of other anions due to their role as a scavenger of photogenerated reactive species. Intermediate products in the photocatalytic degradation of bentazon identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis were 2-amino-N-isopropyl-benzamide, 2-amino-benzoic acid, N-isopropyl-2-nitro-benzamide, and acids such as pentenedioic acid, oxalic acid and propenoic acid. Furthermore, the main mechanism for the photocatalytic removal of bentazon was determined to be via attack by hydroxyl radicals (�OH). The results of toxicity in the photocatalytic removal of bentazon by D. magna showed LC50 and toxicity unit (TU) 48 h equal to 46.10 and 9.56 vol percent. © 2021 Elsevier Lt
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the global status of Trichomonas vaginalis virus in Trichomonas vaginalis
No full textBackground: The small (4.5�5kbp), double-stranded Trichomonas vaginalis virus (TVV) that inhabits in the T. vaginalis parasite has been potentially associated to parasite virulence or its drug resistance. The aim of present study was to estimate the global and regional status of TVV in T. vaginalis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for published articles between January 1990 and December 2020 by using five major databases include PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science as well as Google scholar search engine. The random-effect model was applied for pooled prevalence of TVV, geographical distribution, and heterogeneity by comprehensive meta-analysis (V2.2, Bio stat) software. Findings: A total of 28 studies were included for final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of TVV was estimated at 47 (95 CI, 39.3�54.8). With respect to WHO regions, the lowest and highest prevalence rates were reported from South-East Asia 23 (95 CI, 12�41) and African 66 (95 CI, 25�92), respectively. Considering the countries, the prevalence was highest in the Brazil 90 (95 CI, 73�97) and lowest in the South Korea 14 (95 CI, 4�35). Conclusion: The high prevalence of the parasitic virus emphasizes the need to pay attention to the behavior of the parasite, both in terms of clinical symptoms and drug resistance. Moreover, it is suggested that more studies (i.e. in vitro, in vivo, and case-control studies) should be conducted for deep understanding of this coexistence. © 2021 Elsevier Lt