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The impact of social network-based nursing care training on oncology nurses� occupational stress and self-efficacy: Non-randomized clinical trial
Full text linkBackground & Aim: Inadequate clinical knowledge is one of the leading causes of stress and low occupational self-efficacy among nurses. Nursing training can enhance self-efficacy and reduce stress. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of social network-based nursing care training, using mobile phones, occupational stress, and self-efficacy among oncology nurses. Methods & Materials: This non-randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 78 nurses working in oncology wards of two selected educational hospitals in Tehran in 2018. The nurses entered the study through available sampling. They were randomly assigned to two groups of control and intervention. Nursing care training in chemotherapy was provided to the nurses in the intervention group through a mobile phone social network for four weeks. On the other hand, the nurses in the control group were provided with the routine training pamphlets and brochures in the oncology ward. The nurses� stress level was examined using an expanded nursing stress scale and their occupational stress was measured using a job self-efficacy questionnaire once before the intervention and then one month after the intervention. The data analysis was then performed according to independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square using SPSS software version 16. Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, gender, work experience, and education. There was no significant difference in terms of occupational stress and self-efficacy between the two groups before the intervention (P<0.05). The changes in the occupational stress score were statistically significant (P<0.05) among the nurses in the intervention group. Moreover, the changes in the occupational self-efficacy score were statistically significant among nurses in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Educational intervention through social networking can lead to a reduction of occupational stress and an increase in self-efficacy among oncology nurses. Reducing stress and increasing nurses� occupational self-efficacy will improve their performance at the bedside. This is an easy, inexpensive, and effective training method that can be used by health managers and educators to enhance employee�s performance. © 2021, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Platelet-rich plasma in umbilical cord blood reduces neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury by altering the expression of ATP receptors: PRP, a new window for pain reduction post spinal cord injury
No full textBackground: Neuropathic pain following injury or dysfunction of the peripheral or CNS is one of the most important medical challenges to treat. Humane platelet-rich plasma (HPRP), which is a rich source of growth factors, may be able to treat and reduce pain caused by spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, the effect of HPRP on neuropathic pain caused by SCI was investigated. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, sham, SCI, vehicle (SCI+platelet-poor plasma), SCI+ PRP2day (injection 48 hrs after SCI) and SCI+PRP14day (injection 14 days after SCI). SCI was induced at the T12-T13 level. Behavioral tests were conducted weekly after injury for six weeks. Allodynia and hyperalgesia were assessed using acetone drops, plantar test and von Frey filament. Cavity size and the number of fibroblasts were determined by H&E stain, and the expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, P2�3R and P2Y4R were determined using the western blot technique. Data were analyzed using PRISM & SPSS software. Results: PRP injection showed a higher pain threshold in mechanical allodynia (p<0.0001), cold allodynia (p<0.0001) and thermal hyperalgesia (p<0.0001) than those in the spinal. Animals treated with PRP also reduced cavity size, fibroblast number, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and P2�3R expression, and increased P2Y4R expression. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results showed that PRP reduced SCI-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia by regulating ATP signaling. Using HPRP can open a new window in the treatment of pain caused by damage to the nervous system. © 202
Learning and memory disorders related to hippocampal inflammation following exposure to air pollution
No full textIt has been demonstrated that sub-chronic exposure to air pollution containing nanoscale (�100 nm) diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) may lead to excessive oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in adult male mice. Hereby, we investigated the effects of DEPs on hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and neuro-inflammation and memory-related gene expression in male mice. In this study, we divided 48 adult NMRI male mice into control group VS. three exposure groups. Mice were exposed to 300-350 μg/m3 DEPs for 2, 5, and 7 h daily for 12 weeks. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated Plus Maze device were used to examine anxiety, spatial memory and learning, respectively. The mRNAs expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits, and glutaminase were studied in hippocampus (HI) by real-time RT-PCR. Besides, malondialdehyde (MDA) tests were used to determine the state of oxidative stress. After 5 and 7 h. of DEPs exposure, mRNA expression of NR2A and NR3B IL1α, IL1β, TNFα, NMDA receptor subunits and MDA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). Also, DEPs exposed mice for 2, 5, and 7 h. showed diminished entrance into open arms with short time spent there. Indeed, 5 and 7 h/day exposed mice required a longer time to reach the hidden platform. Sub-chronic exposure to DEPs increased oxidative stress markers, neuroinflammation, anxiety, impaired spatial learning and memory. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Paraganglioma of the filum terminal: Case report and review of the literature
Full text linkParaganglioma of the filum terminal/cauda equina is a rare slow growing tumor which originates from the ectopic sympathetic neurons. Surgically, total excision may be difficult for this well demarcated tumor surrounded by couple of rootlets but is usually possible in nearly all cases. Actually, final diagnosis cannot be determined intraoperatively, but is possible only after an immunohistochemical staining. Herein, the authors present a middle age woman whose initial symptoms were lower back pain and radiculopathy. Her MRI was found to be compatible with a cauda equina tumor. During her excisional surgery a hard and relatively vascular tumor was fully removed. The Immunohistochemical results were compatible with paraganglioma of the filum terminale. In addition to case presentation, thorough review of the literature is also done. © 202
Changing parenting style between two generations and its impacts on the severity of behavioral and emotional symptoms
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study is to compare the perceived parenting dimensions in mothers and their daughters (differences between two generations), and study the relationship between these dimensions and the severity of daughters' behavioral and emotional symptoms. Materials and Methods: 300 participants (150 daughters with their mothers) participated in this study. They responded to the perceived parenting styles questionnaire (PSQ), and mothers were additionally asked to answer the child symptoms inventory-4 (CSI-4). Data analysis was done by the SPSS using the paired sample t-test and multiple regressions. Results: The results indicated a significant difference between perceived parenting dimensions in mothers and their daughters; specifically, acceptance and control dimensions increased through generation. It was also found that daughters' acceptance-rejection dimension could predict the severity of the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, depression, dysthymia, conduct disorders, and opposite defiant disorders. The control-autonomy dimension could also predict the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. Conclusion: The results indicate the different parenting styles between two generations and the critical role of parenting in developing the children's psychopathology symptoms. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Lt
Brucellosis aortitis: An interesting case
No full textA 24-year-old woman referred to our radiology department with the diagnosis of new positive blood culture brucellosis and severe aortic regurgitation for evaluation of periaortic thickening. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging elegantly revealed the presence of active aortitis, most probably caused by brucellosis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LL
99mTc-anionic linear globular dendrimer-G2-phenylalanine conjugate: Novel brain tumor SPECT imaging
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was the investigation of the targeting potential of99mTc-Labeled dendrimer-phenylalanine conjugate for brain tumor SPECT imaging. L-Type amino acid transporters (LAT1) are highly expressed in the blood-brain barrier as well as in brain cancer cells; thus, targeting LAT1 using phenylalanine could improve the sensitivity and specificity of radiosynthesis nanocarrier. In this study, the dendrimer G2�phenylalanine conjugate was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, particle size, and zeta potential. MTT assay was done for cell viability measurement in different concentrations of nanoparticles (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mg/ml) on C6 glioma cell lines; the uptake study was evaluated using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) instrument; finally, SPECT scintigraphy in glioma tumor-bearing Wistar rats was done. The dendrimer-phenylalanine conjugate particle size was found in the range of 74.14±2.2 to 109±3.1 nm, with a slightly negative surface charge. Also, phenylalanine present on the dendrimer's surface� phenylalanine conjugate enhanced the dendrimer's cellular uptake�phenylalanine conjugate on the C6 glioma cell line. Results of SPECT imaging and fluorescence studies revealed that dendrimer� phenylalanine conjugate accumulated into the brain tumor cells, and it can be suggested as a promising brain-targeting probe with no toxicity in brain tumor imaging. © 2020 by the authors
Therapeutic options and hot topics in vitiligo with special focus on pediatrics' vitiligo: A comprehensive review study
No full textVitiligo is a common skin disorder with an estimated worldwide prevalence to 2.28 which is connected with selective melanocytes loss which leads to depigmentation and chalky-white macules. Vitiligo may be dismissed as a cosmetic problem and may have psychologic impacts on patients. It is occurring in both children and adults and is considered as the most common depigmenting skin disorder in the world. There are still many unknown topics about this disease regarding to its treatment in pediatrics, curable drugs and manifestations. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the recent studies about its therapeutic strategies in pediatrics. Topical therapies should be considered as first line treatment in children, but phototherapy especially NBUVB may be used after topical treatment modalities failure or in extensive or rapidly progressive disease. Our suggestion for the treatment of this disease in children is to use combine treatment modalities with observing safety according to the patient's age. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Guillain�Barré syndrome as a parainfectious manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series
Full text linkThe global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to almost all fields of medicine and Neurology is not an exception. Collecting information about its complications and related conditions will help clinicians to become more confident in managing this disease. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is mostly described as a post-infectious phenomenon and its occurrence during acute phase of illness is of interest. GBS has recently been reported during the active phase of COVID-19 for the first time. Severity and fast progression of GBS associated with COVID-19 have also been shown in recent studies. Here we report three cases of GBS during the active phase of COVID-19 with severe symptoms and fast progression to quadriplegia and facial diplegia over 2 days, which led to death in one case due to severe autonomic dysfunction. We suggest SARS-CoV-2 might be associated with rather a severe, rapidly progressive and life-threatening phenotype of GBS. © 2020 Elsevier Lt
The diagnostic value of p63, p16, and p53 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing seborrheic keratosis, actinic keratosis, and Bowen's disease
No full textSeborrheic keratosis (SK), actinic keratosis (AK), and Bowen's disease (BD) are squamoproliferative disorders of the skin. Histologically, they may mimic each other and therefore, they might be misinterpreted, especially in small samples. The aim of this study is to clarify the expression of p63, p16, and p53 proteins in SK, AK, and BD and evaluate the efficacy of these markers in order to distinguish between the aforementioned lesions. A total of 46 cases were collected (15 SK, 16 AK, and 15 BD) and stained for p63, p16, and p53. The stain intensity and the cell distribution labeling were scored and then analyzed by SPSS software. All cases of BD which became positive for p53 revealed basal keratinocytes sparing. Instead, all or nearly all basal keratinocytes in AK cases were positive for this marker. These were also seen in p16 staining results and they were between AK and BD (P =.024). Our study demonstrates p16 and p53 are useful markers in separating AK and BD according to basal keratinocytes involvement and sparing, respectively. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC