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How does failure normalization foster product innovativeness in new product development? The role of passion and learning
No full textData for : "Thermocouple Selection and its Influence on Temperature Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Cells"
No full textAccurate battery modelling requires precise measurements of key battery characteristics, including their surface temperature during fast charging and discharging states. Battery surface temperature measurements are also used to mitigate thermal events such as thermal runaway which can cause fire. Established literature has shown that there are significant variations in temperature measurements of the surface of lithium-ion cells between various thermocouple sensors, including common K and T-Type thermocouples. In this paper, these variations in temperature measurements are investigated for the first time in the context of battery characterisation. The surface temperatures of two lithium-ion cells, a 21700-model Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (NCA) cylindrical cell and a Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) pouch cell, are measured during high current cycling using a variety of different thermocouples and an infrared camera to study the variations and response times in the temperature measurements recorded. The impact of electromagnetic fields emitted by the lithium-ion cells on the temperature measurements are also investigated. Results reported indicate a trend in the size of the temperature sensor with the response time of the cell surface temperature measurements. The recommendations of temperature sensors based on these findings allow for improved response time and accuracy of cell surface temperature measurements
OGLE-2014-BLG-0221Lb : a Jupiter mass ratio companion orbiting either a late-type star or a stellar remnant
No full textWe present the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2014-BLG-0221, a planetary candidate event discovered in 2014. The photometric light curve is best described by a binary-lens single-source model. Our light-curve modeling finds two degenerate models, with event timescales of t E ∼ 70 days and ∼110 days. These timescales are relatively long, indicating that the discovered system would possess a substantial mass. The two models are similar in their planetary parameters with a Jupiter mass ratio of q ∼ 10−3 and a separation of s ∼ 1.1. Bayesian inference is used to estimate the physical parameters of the lens, revealing that the shorter timescale model predicts 65% and 25% probabilities of a late-type star and white dwarf host, respectively, while the longer timescale model favors a black hole host with a probability ranging from 60% to 95%, under the assumption that stars and stellar remnants have equal probabilities of hosting companions with planetary mass ratios. If the lens is a remnant, this would be the second planet found by microlensing around a stellar remnant. The current separation between the source and lens stars is 41–139 mas depending on the models. This indicates the event is now ready for high-angular-resolution follow-up observations to rule out either of the models. If precise astrometric measurements are conducted in multiple bands, the centroid shift due to the color difference between the source and lens would be detected in the luminous lens scenario
Coincidence : a word with two meanings for explaining and predicting the future
No full textConnecting the critical realist morphogenetic model to insights made by Nicholas Rescher, this paper argues that our predictions are always subject to chance and contingency but nevertheless ineluctably useful for both practical and scientific inquiry. Contingency results from the causal openness of the world, including the causal openness of our own decision‐making. On the other hand, as Rescher notes, human interaction would fail without a degree of stability, which makes the predictions of morphostatic relations if not lawlike at least predictable in a practical sense. Nor is it just habit that makes for morphostasis. Human agents strive reflectively to produce in morphostatic ways the human goods they have created by their interaction. And beyond individual actors, there is, from the critical realist point of view, the combined effects of structure and culture inclining at least in the short‐term to reliably predictable if not lawlike outcomes. With that background, the paper reflects on the dual role of coincidence in social theory, on the one hand signalling contingency and the other on what, according to the active causal mechanisms, generally co‐occur
The importance of sleep in the paradigm shift from a tissue- and disease-based pain management approach towards multimodal lifestyle interventions for chronic pain
No full textAnalysis of pharmaceutical companies’ social media activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic and its impact on the public
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic, a period of great turmoil, was coupled with the emergence of an “infodemic”, a state when the public was bombarded with vast amounts of unverified information from dubious sources that led to a chaotic information landscape. The excessive flow of messages to citizens, combined with the justified fear and uncertainty imposed by the unknown virus, cast a shadow on the credibility of even well-intentioned sources and affected the emotional state of the public. Several studies highlighted the mental toll this environment took on citizens by analyzing their discourse on online social networks (OSNs). In this study, we focus on the activity of prominent pharmaceutical companies on Twitter, currently known as X, as well as the public’s response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Communication between companies and users is examined and compared in two discrete channels, the COVID-19 and the non-COVID-19 channel, based on the content of the posts circulated in them in the period between March 2020 and September 2022, while the emotional profile of the content is outlined through a state-of-the-art emotion analysis model. Our findings indicate significantly increased activity in the COVID-19 channel compared to the non-COVID-19 channel while the predominant emotion in both channels is joy. However, the COVID-19 channel exhibited an upward trend in the circulation of fear by the public. The quotes and replies produced by the users, with a stark presence of negative charge and diffusion indicators, reveal the public’s preference for promoting tweets conveying an emotional charge, such as fear, surprise, and joy. The findings of this research study can inform the development of communication strategies based on emotion-aware messages in future crises
Institutional logics, risk and extreme events : insights from and for management education
Get PDFTo shed light on the interrelationship between risk and logics, we explore how multiple institutional logics shape management educators’ experiences of risk in classroom teaching. Using a two-case re- search design, we analyse an empirical case study of management educators in a UK business school during the COVID-19 pandemic and a case study of emergency physicians during the Ebola epidemic. Comparing these two focal cases of different types of frontline professional work during global health crises, we develop a model of how perceptions of risks and their mitigation shape, and are shaped by, experiences of compatibility, contestation and rejection among multiple logics. Our study extends the literatures on institutional logics and risk by providing insight into the role of multiple logics in the social construction of risk. We also contribute to the management education literature by focusing attention on the risks of physical harm in classroom teaching and by theorizing when, how and why management educators apprehend these risks as ordinary or extraordinary to their normal profes- sional role. Finally, our study has practical implications for risk mitigation at individual and organi- zational levels and for creatively and safely adapting teaching and learning practices with students during extreme events
RecGraph: recombination-aware alignment of sequences to variation graphs
Get PDFMotivation
Bacterial genomes present more variability than human genomes, which requires important adjustments in computational tools that are developed for human data. In particular, bacteria exhibit a mosaic structure due to homologous recombinations, but this fact is not sufficiently captured by standard read mappers that align against linear reference genomes. The recent introduction of pangenomics provides some insights in that context, as a pangenome graph can represent the variability within a species. However, the concept of sequence-to-graph alignment that captures the presence of recombinations has not been previously investigated.
Results
In this paper, we present the extension of the notion of sequence-to-graph alignment to a variation graph that incorporates a recombination, so that the latter are explicitly represented and evaluated in an alignment. Moreover, we present a dynamic programming approach for the special case where there is at most a recombination–we implement this case as RecGraph. From a modeling point of view, a recombination corresponds to identifying a new path of the variation graph, where the new arc is composed of two halves, each extracted from an original path, possibly joined by a new arc. Our experiments show that RecGraph accurately aligns simulated recombinant bacterial sequences that have at most a recombination, providing evidence for the presence of recombination events
Γ-Convergence of an Ambrosio-Tortorelli approximation scheme for image segmentation
Get PDFGiven an image u0, the aim of minimising the Mumford-Shah functional is to find a decomposition of the image domain into sub-domains and a piecewise smooth approximation u of u0 such that u varies smoothly within each sub-domain. Since the Mumford-Shah functional is highly non-smooth, regularizations such as the Ambrosio-Tortorelli approximation can be considered which is one of the most computationally efficient approximations of the Mumford-Shah functional for image segmentation. While very impressive numerical results have been achieved in a large range of applications when minimising the functional, no analytical results are currently available for minimizers of the functional in the piecewise smooth setting, and this is the goal of this work. Our main result is the Γ-convergence of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli approximation of the Mumford-Shah functional for piecewise smooth approximations. This requires the introduction of an appropriate function space. As a consequence of our Γ-convergence result, we can infer the convergence of minimizers of the respective functionals
‘There was a pivotal moment’. The dynamics, transitions, adaptations and trajectories of nursing at the front-line in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFUsing qualitative interview data (n = 142 interviews) generated with 50 nurses, over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper traces the trajectories of nurses in the UK and attempts to unpick the interplay between structure and agency in their narratives. Interviews were inductively analysed for themes and an additional narrative analysis was undertaken to preserve the form of each participant’s narrative. We argue that nurses’ pandemic trajectories occurred within the ‘psychological vulnerability-stigma nexus’ which operates within health and social care providers in the UK and whilst constraining nurses’ agency at times it could also provide an impetus to act agentically. We found that the nurses’ COVID-19 trajectories were characterised by: getting by, getting out (job-hopping) getting needs met and getting organised. We call for more considered systemic support to be generated and consistently provided to nurses to ensure retention of nurses and the security of society to avoid exacerbating existing workforce shortages