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Stationary local random countable sets over the Wiener noise
Get PDFThe times of Brownian local minima, maxima and their union are three distinct examples of local, stationary, dense, random countable sets associated with classical Wiener noise. Being local means, roughly, determined by the local behavior of the sample paths of the Brownian motion, and stationary means invariant relative to the Lévy shifts of the sample paths. We answer to the affirmative Tsirelson's question, whether or not there are any others, and develop some general theory for such sets. An extra ingredient to their structure, that of an honest indexation, leads to a splitting result that is akin to the Wiener-Hopf factorization of the Brownian motion at the minimum (or maximum) and has the latter as a special case. Sets admitting an honest indexation are moreover shown to have the property that no stopping time belongs to them with positive probability. They are also minimal: they do not have any non-empty proper local stationary subsets. Random sets, of the kind studied in this paper, honestly indexed or otherwise, give rise to nonclassical one-dimensional noises, generalizing the noise of splitting. Some properties of these noises and the inter-relations between them are investigated. In particular, subsets are connected to subnoises
Is political science (still) ignoring religion? An analysis of journal publications, 2011-2020
Get PDFPolitical scientists involved in the study of religion have expressed concerns that religious themes have yet to be fully integrated into the mainstream of the discipline. According to a study of articles published in leading political science journals during the first decade of the twenty-first century, papers engaging with religion were relatively few in number and highly concentrated in only a few thematic and disciplinary areas. This article presents an updated analysis of the extent to which political science has engaged with the topic of religion by examining journal outputs for the period 2011–2020. The study finds no significant change in the patterns identified by the earlier research. Despite an overall increase in the quantity of political science articles on the subject of religion, the overall proportion has been relatively static, and the thematic and disciplinary focus of outputs remains narrow
Who’s afraid of the perlocutionary?
Get PDFJ.L. Austin’s insight that language should be treated as a domain of human action, rather than merely as a tool for the transmission of information, has been enormously influential. His analysis of speech acts continues to be widely utilised in a vast number of fields, from the philosophy of language to social and political philosophy, the philosophy of law, gender and literary studies, as well as a variety of social sciences. Yet scholars have so far focused on performative utterances and illocutionary acts, while the perlocutionary dimension of speech has generally been dismissed as unessential. This special issue, drawing inspiration from Stanley Cavell’s seminal work on passionate utterance, aims to shed new light on the philosophical, moral and political relevance of the perlocutionary
Cone penetration tests in saturated and unsaturated silty tailings
Get PDFLaboratory-controlled cone penetration test results for two silty tailings in a variety of saturated and unsaturated states, obtained using two calibration chambers, are presented then interpreted using a state parameter-based approach. For each the cone penetration resistances, which increase due to the presence of suction when the tailings are unsaturated, can be normalised using the initial mean effective stress to establish a relationship with the initial state parameter. The relationship is applicable to saturated and unsaturated conditions, as long as the presence of suction hardening as well as the influence of suction on the mean effective stress are accounted for, and as long as the cone penetrations occur under drained conditions. The relationships enable state parameters to be back-calculated from normalised cone penetration resistances. The state parameters enable estimations of the tailings’ peak friction angles for drained loadings as well their propensities to liquefy during undrained loadings. Application is demonstrated using CPT soundings in tailings storages from which the samples were taken, showing how in situ void ratios and state parameters, and future state parameters if the tailings were to become saturated, can be determined. Close agreements with direct measurements of void ratios are shown
An ‘attractive alternative way of wielding power’? Revealing hidden gender ideologies in the portrayal of women Heads of State during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThis paper explores the gendered discourses of the – seemingly favourable – media coverage that certain Heads of State received for their handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking at media reports published in different English-speaking outlets in the US, the UK, India, Bangladesh, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland, and using multimodal feminist critical discourse analysis, we identify and describe some of the strategies that on the surface appear to challenge hegemonic – and largely masculine – discourses of leadership. Upon closer scrutiny, these superficially complimentary reports rather reinforce and naturalise discriminatory gender ideologies, and, as we demonstrate, they do so to different degrees along a continuum of essentialising, contextualising, and problematising. We critically discuss the discursive and visual processes involved and show that complimenting these leaders on their performance compares them against a masculine norm to construct their leadership as ‘alternative’, exceptional, and hence marked. This gendered portrayal of political leadership in times of crisis illustrates how the discursive construction of identities, responsibilities, and relationships during Covid-19 largely hinges on power relations and political ideologies that systematically disadvantage and undermine women. The purportedly positive form in which this occurs makes it particularly difficult to challenge and subvert these discriminatory discourses and their underlying gendered ideologies
Contracting over persistent information
No full textWe consider a dynamic principal-agent problem, where the sole instrument the principal has to incentivize the agent is the disclosure of information. The principal aims at maximizing the (discounted) number of times the agent chooses the principal’s preferred action. We show that there exists an optimal policy, where the principal recommends its most preferred action and discloses information as a reward in the next period, until either this action becomes statically optimal for the agent or the agent perfectly learns the state
Immigration and the top 1 percent
Get PDFUsing administrative data on the universe of UK taxpayers, we study the contribution of migrants to the rise in UK top incomes. We show migrants are over-represented at the top of the income distribution, with migrants twice as prevalent in the top 0.01% as anywhere in the bottom 97% of taxpayers. These high incomes are predominantly from labour, rather than capital, and migrants are concentrated in only a handful of industries, predominantly finance. All of the observed growth in the UK top 1% income share over the past 20 years has accrued to migrants
Matrimonial property in Islamic law
No full textThe concept of property ownership in Islamic legal discourse has changed over time. The notion of matrimonial (or family) property which is shared or jointly held is one of the most challenging ideas faced by Islamic property jurisprudence in modern times. Historically, property was deemed to be held by the spouses independently, with certain rights and responsibilities arising within a recognised nikah marriage. However, in the era of post-colonial states, women’s increased workforce participation on the one hand and economic inactivity or under-activity on the other, and unpaid social reproductive labour, there is a recognition that this regime is problematic. This chapter outlines the Islamic jurisprudence and state practice concerning matrimonial property generally, taking a global snapshot of the differing state practices by examining three prevalent approaches: no matrimonial property or shared assets; community of property/shared assets; and negotiated private contractual agreements
Combining individual- and population-level data to develop a Bayesian parity-specific fertility projection model
No full textFertility projections are vital to anticipate demand for maternity and childcare services, among other uses. Models typically use aggregate population-level data alone, ignoring the richness of individual-level data. We hence develop a Bayesian parity-specific projection model combining such data sources. We apply our method to England and Wales, using individual-level data from Understanding Society. Fitting generalised additive models gives smooth projections across age, cohort, and time since last birth. We also incorporate prior beliefs about the relative importance of the data sources. Our approach generates plausible forecasts by individual-level variables including educational qualification, despite their absence in the population-level data