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Functionality of box intersection graphs
No full textFunctionality is a graph complexity measure that extends a variety of parameters, such as vertex degree, degeneracy, clique-width, or twin-width. In the present paper, we show that functionality is bounded for box intersection graphs in
, i.e. for interval graphs, and unbounded for box intersection graphs in
. We also study a parameter known as symmetric difference, which is intermediate between twin-width and functionality, and show that this parameter is unbounded both for interval graphs and for unit box intersection graphs in
Postprandial peak identification from continuous glucose monitoring time series
No full textContinuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have been mainly used in medical applications to monitor blood glucose and to control insulin doses in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. CGMs are becoming popular in people without diabetes and with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to their rising commercial availability and effectiveness. They are a useful tool for understanding individuals’ dynamic blood responses to food. However, before such information can be extracted for further analysis, the peaks must be selected automatically. Published works have focused on detecting the onset of meal intakes and calculating their carbohydrate load to assist glucose control in T1D management. This work aims to develop a threshold-based algorithm for entire postprandial peak identification, including starting and endpoints, from data obtained from people with different glucose tolerance levels. The algorithm achieved promising performance using an individual threshold-based approach, with recall and precision rates of 0.84 and 0.85, respectively
Quality hours : measuring labor input
No full textWe construct an aggregate labor input series from 1979 to 2019 to adjust for changes in the experience and education levels of the workforce using the Current Population Survey’s Outgoing Rotation Groups. We compare the cyclical behavior of labor input to aggregate hours – finding that labor input is about 9% less volatile over the business cycle and that the quality of the workforce is countercyclical. We show that the decrease in labor productivity beginning in 2004, the “productivity slowdown,” is understated by 12 percentage points when using aggregate hours instead of labor input to calculate productivity, as compared to the 1990-2003 growth rate. Moreover, 39% of the average quarterly growth rate of labor productivity can be attributed to increases in education and experience since 2004
'Re-education' : the imperial pre-history and afterlives of a pedagogical conceit
Get PDFIn the aftermath of World War II, the terms ‘re-education’ and ‘rehabilitation’ were ubiquitous. Often employed almost interchangeably, these nouns named the aspirational outcomes sought by military government personnel, civilian administrators and relief workers—for entire national populations or particular encamped populations. In this article, Susan Carruthers traces the origins of these entangled efforts to ‘remake’ subject peoples, now primarily associated with the postwar occupations of Germany and Japan. She uncovers the hidden connections between re-education and democratization projects – typically projected as constructive and progressive – with Britain’s brutal suppression of colonial counterinsurgencies, as well as the afterlife of the concept in the United States’ Cold War era preoccupation with POW camps and brainwashing. By the 1960s and ‘70s, ‘re-education’ in the Western political lexicon denoted something pernicious practiced exclusively by cold war nemeses: in murderous camps in China, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Yet at the dawn of the twenty-first century, George W. Bush’s administration reanimated memories of the ‘good occupations’ that had transformed Axis foes into pacific and prosperous allies, hoping to persuade sceptics that ‘de-Baathification’ would be every bit as straightforward and successful as ‘de-Nazification’ had come to appear with hindsight. Re-education again provided a language of both obfuscation and legitimation
Data for Asymmetric phase diagram and dimensional crossover in a system of spin-1/2 dimers under applied hydrostatic pressure
No full textWe present the magnetic and structural properties of [Cu(pyrazine)0.5 (glycine)]ClO4 under applied pressure. As previously reported, at ambient pressure this material consists of quasi-two-dimensional layers of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic dimers which undergo Bose-Einstein condensation of triplet excitations between two magnetic field-induced quantum critical points (QCPs). The molecular building blocks from which the compound is constructed give rise to exchange strengths that are considerably lower than those found in other S=1/2 dimer materials, which allows us to determine the pressure evolution of the entire field-temperature magnetic phase diagram using radio-frequency magnetometry. We find that a distinct phase emerges above the upper field-induced transition at elevated pressures and also show that an additional QCP is induced at zero-field at a critical pressure of pc=15.7(5),kbar. Pressure-dependent single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations indicate that this QCP arises primarily from a dimensional crossover driven by an increase in the interdimer interactions between the planes. While the effect of quantum fluctuations on the lower field-induced transition is enhanced with applied pressure, quantum Monte Carlo calculations suggest that this alone cannot explain an unconventional asymmetry that develops in the phase diagram
Diamond-like carbon : a surface for extreme, high-wear environments
Get PDFIn this study, we present an in-depth characterization of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film, using a range of techniques to understand the structure and chemistry of the film both in the interior and particularly at the DLC/air surface and DLC/liquid interface. The DLC film is found to be a combination of sp2 and sp3 carbon, with significant oxygen present at the surface. The oxygen seems to be present as OH groups, making the DLC somewhat hydrophilic. Quartz-Crystal Microbalance (QCM) isotherms and complementary neutron reflectivity data indicate significant adsorption of a model additive, bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) surfactant, onto the DLC from water solutions and indicate the adsorbed film is a bilayer. This initial study of the structure and composition of a model surfactant is intended to give a clearer insight into how DLC and additives function as antiwear systems
Protecting and empowering adults with capacity-affecting conditions to take part in health and health-related research
No full textHealth research is essential if people are to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health and healthcare. Yet, persons with capacity-affecting conditions are routinely excluded from research, as they are often judged to lack the capacity to give consent. Focusing on the Mental Capacity Act England and Wales 2005 (MCA), which regulates research involving adults judged to lack capacity, we outline the provision of the MCA and then describe the process of ethical review designed to ensure compliance with these provisions; 2) present findings from interviews with members of the committees responsible for ethical review and with researchers, who have experience of working with the MCA; 3) discuss the implications of these findings for the inclusion of adults lacking capacity in research as well as drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of the MCA
Genetic manipulation of Indian mustard genotypes with WRR-gene(s) confers resistance against Albugo candida
No full textBackground:
Brassica species is the second most important edible oilseed crop in India. Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze, a major oomycete disease of oilseed brassica causing white rust, leads to 60% yield loss globally. The prevalence of A. candida race 2 (Ac2V) that specifically infects B. juncea, coupled with limitations of conventional methods has resulted in a dearth of white rust resistance resources in cultivated varieties.
Methods and results:
In an effort to develop resistant plants, Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of three B. juncea genotypes viz., susceptible host var. Varuna, along with its doubled haploid mutant lines C66 and C69 (showing moderate tolerance to field isolates of A. candida) was initiated to transfer resistance genes (WRR8Sf-2 and WRR9Hi-0) identified in Arabidopsis thaliana against race Ac2V, that encode for Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat proteins that recognize effectors of the pathogen races.
Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that introduction of resistance genes from a tertiary gene pool by genetic transformation enhances disease resistance in B. juncea genotypes to a highly virulent Ac2V isolate
When top managers’ temporal orientations collide : middle managers and the strategic use of the past
Get PDFUse-of-the-past research has advanced our understanding of how top managers instrumentalize past knowledge, events and rhetorical constructions to advance their present-day interests. However, it is unclear how they use the past when they have divergent understandings of the past and different visions of the future. Temporal tensions can lead to a period of unsettlement in organizations, undermine the top management’s power base, and open up space for middle managers to take a central role in using the past. Through a longitudinal case study of a Japanese craft firm with a history of over 200 years, we examine how middle managers progressively take an active role in using the past through three processes: temporal mobility, temporal socialization and coalescing the past. Our findings challenge the somewhat linear conception of time in the use-of-the-past literature by elucidating the emergent, in-the-moment evolution of middle managers’ strategic use of the past. By adopting a process-analytic lens, our findings extend current understanding of the strategic use of the past as not undertaken by a few powerful individuals in a given moment, but a continually changing process enacted by multiple middle managers with different temporal orientations. Moreover, our findings contribute to the use-of-the-past literature by taking a relational perspective of temporality. Finally, we reconceptualize the strategic flexibility of middle managers from a temporality perspective, showing that they can alter the temporal orientations of those at the top and the bottom