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Micro-fragmented adipose tissue demonstrates comparable clinical efficacy to other orthobiologics injections in treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review of level I-IV clinical studies
No full textTo perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes in patients who underwent treatment for symptoms with micro-fragmented aspirated fat (MFAT). Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for studies from 2000 to 2023. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tools and the ROBINS-I tool. Study quality was assessed with the modified Coleman Methodology (CMS) and MINORS score. Heterogeneity was assessed using χ and I statistics. 21 studies were included. One study had a high ROB, one had a critical ROB, 3 had serious ROB and 16 had a moderate ROB. The mean Coleman score was 58 demonstrating fair study quality; the MINORS score a mean value of 13 indicating overall fair quality. Best evidence synthesis revealed moderate evidence. VAS score improved from 5.2 to 3.2 at 6 and 12 months. KOOS subscale ADL improved from 58.8 to 70.2 at 6 months and 67.5 at 12 months. KOOS subscale pain improved from 54.3 to 70.2 at 6 months and 72.4 at 12 months. KOOS subscale QOL improved from 33.1 to 43.6 at 6 months and 42.9 at 12 months. KOOS subscale sports improved from 23.7 to 43.6 at 6 months and 57.4 at 12 months. KOOS subscale symptoms improved from 55.3 to 70.1 at 6 months and 67.9 at 12 months. KOOS subscale pain improved from 54.3 to 70.2 at 6 months and 72.4 at 12 months. The WOMAC score steadily increased from 61.8 at baseline to 78.4 at 12 months. MFAT injection therapy for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is effective and improves pain and functional outcomes. Moderate study quality combined with a moderate risk of bias, moderate certainty of evidence and moderate best synthesis evidence reduces external validity. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with a degree of caution. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.
The virtuous spiral of Smithian growth : colonialism as a contradiction
Get PDFAs the world experiences a fourth industrial revolution - in Information Technology - we look back at how things turned out in the first Industrial Revolution, which began when Adam Smith was writing The Wealth of Nations. For the historical record, we draw on the recent study of Power and Progress by Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson, who describe how the benefits of innovation were – or were not - spread across society in Britain at that time. This paper focuses on the case of India under colonial rule, however, where two themes emerge. First, how the transfer of technology under the control of a private company – based in London and granted monopoly powers by the British government - was enough to stymie the ‘virtuous spiral of Smithian growth’ for a century or more. Second, how two centuries of colonial control also deprived the indigenous population of what Amartya Sen has claimed is the key insurance against famine - namely democratic accountability. The paper end with brief remarks on how industrial policy in India of today could help spread the benefits of the current IT revolution
Going with the gut : exploring top management team intuition in strategic decision-making
No full textIntuition plays a vital role in strategic decision-making, enabling executives to cut through complexity and to navigate the information processing challenges posed by dynamic environments. However, enduring questions remain concerning the antecedents and the effectiveness of intuitive strategic decision-making. Accordingly, we used critical incident technique and conducted in-depth interviews with top managers from 27 UK firms, focusing on recent intuitive ‘hits’ and ‘misses’. We explore these recent strategic decision episodes to provide an in-depth and nuanced understanding of intuition in strategic decision-making, contributing to the literature in two important ways. First, we build theory concerning the contextual triggers that foster the use of intuition, and second, we derive insights into the contextual factors that render intuition more, as well as less effective. We offer a series of theoretical and practical insights whereby intuition can be leveraged as a vital input to the strategic decision-making process
Averages of products of characteristic polynomials and the law of real eigenvalues for the real Ginibre ensemble
No full textWe review an elementary derivation of the Borodin-Sinclair-Forrester-Nagao Pfaffian point process, which characterises the law of real eigenvalues for the real Ginibre ensemble in the large matrix size limit, in terms of averages of products of characteristic polynomials. This derivation relies on a number of interesting structures associated with the real Ginibre ensemble such as the hidden symplectic symmetry of the statistics of real eigenvalues. It leads to a representation for the -point correlation function for any in terms of an integral over the symmetric space and the current paper gives the proof of asymptotic exactness for this integral
Navigating challenges and complexities : re-imagining the identity of MSc Business Analytics Programmes amid AI - a viability approach
No full textAlthough MSc Business Analytics Programmes are considered the “Golden Goose” of Business Schools, however, there is a very limited account of research exploring the intricacies and complexities concerning the development, leadership, and delivery of such programmes. In addition, research is scarce in examining MSc Business Analytics Programmes from the viability perspective and how such viability can be sustained, despite dynamic changes in industry demands, analytical technologies, and the seemingly omnipresence of artificial intelligence (AI).
This paper examines the challenges of leading and managing an MSc Business Analytics programme in a UK business school. The author uses the viable system perspective (VSM) and studies the “Identity” of an MSc Business Analytics Programme, its Dynamic Processes, and Mechanisms, as well as the Intertwined roles and responsibilities of key Programme Stakeholders in the co-evolution of the programme’s success journey in a viable manner. Reflecting on the distinctiveness of the viability approach, the author advocates for carefully re-imagining the identity of MSc Business Analytics Programmes - an intentional alignment with the imperatives of viability in navigating the complexities and dynamic shifts while safeguarding Business Analytics Programmes' long-term viability
Domain-specific theories of teaching computing : do they inform practice?
No full textComputing education research applies theories from the social sciences to build deep understanding of factors that influence students’ learning process in different educational settings; but in recent years, computing education researchers have increasingly developed domain-specific theories and models that address the challenges and phenomena specific to computing education. Several literature surveys have addressed these developments. However, little attention has been given to whether these domain-specific theories and models have actually been applied to improve pedagogical practices in computing education.
In this paper, we explore domain-specific theories and models that are related to teaching computing. We present these constructs and report our findings about their impact on computing education pedagogies, based on our analysis of publications that cite the original papers presenting these theories or models. Based on the analysis of 1048 papers published between 2005 and 2022 in the International Computing Education Research Conference (ICER) and the journals Computer Science Education and ACM Transactions on Computing Education, we identified 31 papers that present relevant theoretical developments in these areas. We further analyze how these papers have been cited and discuss their identified pedagogical use cases in the citing papers. In general, our results show that while many papers refer to these theories and models, there are few concrete connections to presented pedagogical settings and few implications for further research. However, the papers themselves present interesting and relevant pedagogical ideas. We discuss these observations and make recommendations for reporting such connections and implications
A UAV-assisted authentication protocol for Internet of Vehicles
No full textAs a component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is becoming increasingly important in the management and construction of urban transportation as it can provide users with a range of applications related to traffic accident warnings, entertainment information, collaborative driving and real-time road information through communication devices on vehicles. However, with the increasing variety of services in the IoV, the growing demand for user traffic and the advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, UAV is introduced into the IoV as a solution, which can relieve the pressure on the communication infrastructure in the network, provide emergency communication services and improve the performance of network services. Due to the openness of IoV and the high-speed movement of vehicles, authentication and privacy issues are among the most pressing issues in IoV. Therefore, the paper proposes a secure and effective authentication protocol for UAV-assisted IoV. The protocol utilises elliptic curve cryptography to assure the security of the authentication. The protocol undergoes proof of security, Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic analysis and informal security analysis to ensure secure and mutual authentication, and have a good resistance to known attacks. Furthermore, performance analysis and comparison are conducted to evaluate the efficiency of our protocol. The results indicate that our protocol has superior advantages in overhead
A part of, or apart from, me? : linking dynamic founder-venture identity relationships to new venture strategy
No full textBased on a three-year inductive field study of first-time founders, we reveal the dynamic identity relationships that tie founders to their ventures: what such relationships comprise, how they evolve over time, and with what strategic implications for the development of new businesses. Specifically, we found that such relationships comprise both identification and construals, which capture the degree to which founders saw their ventures as self-defining and founder-venture psychological distance. Construals, and shifts in construals over time, were critical in explaining how entrepreneurs handled venture-related challenges, as well as how they strategically (re)focused their ventures in terms of scope, whether by diversifying or specializing. By explaining these dynamics, we contribute to research on entrepreneurial identity as well as to construal level theory. In addition, as we distinguish construals from identification, we highlight the importance of construals for understanding identity relationships beyond entrepreneurship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15271
On sampling diluted spin glasses using Glauber dynamics
No full textSpin-glasses are natural Gibbs distributions that have been studied in theoretical computer science for many decades. Recently, they have been gaining renewed attention from the community as they emerge naturally in neural computation and learning, network inference, optimisation and many other areas.
Here we consider the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass distribution at inverse temperature β when the underlying graph is an instance of G(n, d/n). This is a random graph on n vertices such that each edge appears independently with probability d/n, where the expected degree d = Θ(1). We study the problem of efficiently sampling from the aforementioned distribution using the well-known
Markov chain called Glauber dynamics.
For a certain range of β, that depends only on the expected degree d of the graph, and for typical instances of the Edwards-Anderson model on G(n, d/n), we show that the corresponding (single-site) Glauber dynamics exhibits mixing time O(n^{2+ 3log2 d}). The range of β for which we obtain our rapid-mixing result corresponds to the expected influence being smaller than 1/d. This bound is very natural, and we conjecture that it is the best possible
for rapid mixing.
As opposed to the mean-field spin-glasses, where the Glauber dynamics has been studied before, less is known for the diluted cases like the one we consider here. The latter problems are more challenging to work with because the corresponding instances involve two levels of randomness, i.e., the random graph instance and the random Gibbs distribution.
We establish our results by utilising the well-known path-coupling technique. In the standard setting of Glauber dynamics on G(n, d/n) one has to deal with the so-called effect of high degree vertices. Here, with the spin-glasses, rather than considering vertex-degrees, it is more natural to use a different measure on the vertices of the graph, that we call aggregate influence. We build on the block-construction approach proposed by [Dyer, Flaxman, Frieze and Vigoda: 2006] to circumvent the problem with the high degrees in the path-coupling analysis. Specifically, to obtain our results, we first establish rapid mixing for an appropriately defined block-dynamics.
We design this dynamics such that vertices of large aggregate influence are placed deep inside their blocks. Then, we obtain rapid mixing for the (single-site) Glauber dynamics by utilising a comparison argume