Kufa Journals System University of Kufa
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THE SHI'A HAWZAS BETWEEN CONSERVATISM AND REFORM
Get PDFReligious education in Islamic life emerged in mosque.The Prophet's Mosque in Madina was the first venue utilizedby the Prophet Muhammad to teach Quran and Hadith anddisseminate Islamic teachings. His companions followed hisway. Hence, The Prophet's Mosque in Madina became theplace where discussions about reading and interpreting Qurantook place, in addition to narrating Hadith and learning ‘Sharia.’Later, Mosques in Kufa, Basra, Damascus, Fustat, and so onfollowed the same path. Eventually, mosque became a spacefor the study of Arabic grammar, theological discussions aroundmatters of Imamate, fate and destiny, and other categories of‘‹Ilm al- Kalam.’ In Basra mosque, the first Mu'tazili argumentemerged in a panel discussion of Wasil Ibn ‹Ata' (700-748 A
RELIGIOUS And POLITICAL CONFLICT the story of northern ireland
Get PDFIreland has had a long history of bloody conflicts as aresult of invasions and internal divisions. The first major Irishinhabitants were Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who came after8,000 BC following the end of the ‘ice age’. At around 6,000BC they began to develop agriculture including pottery, stonetools and wooden houses. They also developed megalithiccommunal tombs many of them astronomically aligned andwhich remain today, most notably the tombs at Newgrange inCo Meath which were build around 3,200 BC, making themolder than the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt and Stonehengein England. There followed the Bronze Age from around 2,000BC and the Iron Age from 600 BC. Over the next five hundredyears a gradual infiltration of Celtic speaking people occurred,resulting in the establishment of Gaelic culture and Christianityby the fifth century A
الإمام المهدي في الشِّعر العربيّ وأثره الإعلاميّ
No full textلقد تبيّن من البحث أنَّ الشِّعر عامّة هو من أفضل وسائل الإعلام قديماً وحديثاً فضلاُ عن الشِّعر الملتزم ، أو الرسالي فله القدرة الكبيرة على نشر الفكرة ، والمُعتقد ، وله الأثر السامي في وعيّ المتلقي ، وقيادة الجماهير ، ومن أهم العقائد المؤثرة في مجتمعنا الإسلامي هي قضية الإمام المهدي ( عجّل الله تعالى فرَجَه الشريف) الّذي له حضوره الكبير في الأديان الأخرى باسم المخلّص .ودارت هذه القضية في الشِّعر العربي على محاور مختلفة بين المباشر ، وغير المباشر وبين الوعي ، واللاوعي وبين القديم ، والحديث ، فانقسم المباشر ، والواعي للقضية المهدوية على موضوعات منها :أ - شعر التبشير بالإمام المهديّ (عج) والتّمسّك به وطلب الشّفاعة منه .ب- شعر الانتظار .ت- شعر الشكوى ، والتبرم من الزمان ، وانتهاك الدين وبث ذلك إلى الإمام القائم (عج).ث - شِّعر السّرور بدولة الحقّ القادمة النّاشرة للعدل ، وأخذ الثأر من الظالمين .ج - الشِّعرالمهدويّفيمَنادعىالمهدويّةلجهلٍ، أو طمعٍ ، أوظنٍّأنّهالمهديّ .ح - أثر قضية الإمام المهديّ (عج) غير المباشرة في الشِّعر عامّة ، وحتى في الأغراض البعيدة .وقد تناول الشعراء هذه القضية بصور غير مباشرة عديدة بيّنت رسوخها في اللّاوعيّ لديهم ، فذكروها في أغراض بعيدة عن محلها العقائديّ المباشر فدخلت حتى في غزلهم ، لتُعطينا دلالةً واضحة عن أثرها في الأفكار، والنّفوس . ولم يغفل البحث وجود هذه القضية في غير مكانها الحقيقي لأسباب سياسية يحدوّ بها التسلّط ، والطمع ، ومنها عن جهل ، ووهم .ومن هنا يزعم البحث أنّه تمكّن من بيان أثر الشِّعر العربيّ المهدويّ – إن جاز لنا التعبير – في المتلقي أفراداً وجماعات على الصعيد الإعلامي والسيسيولوج
Evaluation Of DNA Extraction From Archieved Formalin –Fixed Paraffin Tissues (FFPT) By Β-Globin Gene PCR.
Get PDFAbstractBackground : the knowledge of the nucleic acid state before start to molecular detection have a great importance to make a math measurements by which the nucleic acid quantity and quality will be knows.Objective: Conventional methods have limitations for extracting amplifiable DNA from specimens containing a small number of cells. DNA quality and quantity was evaluated by β-globin amplification and NanoDrop instrument respectively. DNA extraction from FFPT has become essential for molecular research specially with advances in molecular technology.Methods: The current study tested breast cancer FFPT specimens of Iraqi women which collected from AL-Sader teaching hospital histopathology and neoplasm units , and several privet histopathology labs in AL-Najaf province, the specimens were stored for the years (2008,2009,2010 and 2011). The specimens were included of BC 54 , fibroadenoma 21, mastitis 18, and ductectesia 19 samples.Results: Specific primers were used to detect the activity of beta-globin gene by PCR technique and the results appeared that The mean of DNA quantity was (61.68 ng/ul) while the DNA extract quality which appeared positive by β-glubine PCR was 71.42% (80 of 112), BC 70.37% (38 of 54), fibroadenoma 85.71% (18 of 21), mastitis 77.77% (14 of 18) and ductectesia 52.63 % (10 of 19), there was a significant difference ( p<0.5). The beta-globin PCR appeared different results depending on the DNA stats.Conclusions: the evaluation of the extracted DNA by NanoDrop system and beta-globin gene is the easiest and definite method compared with other researchers who worked of other evaluation methods.Recommendations : This study recommends that every study performed on DNA should be started with beta-globin testing to avoid false negative results caused by degraded DNA.Keyword: FFPT: formalin –fixed paraffin tissues, BC: breast cancer
Assessment of Job Stress for Nurses in Psychiatric Hospitals at Baghdad City
Get PDFAbstract:Objectives: The aim of study is to assess job stress for nurses who are working in psychiatric hospitals in Baghdad city and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics of the nurses.Methodology: descriptive analytic study was conducted on 1١١ nurses were present in at three psychiatric hospitals in Baghdad city. The data are collected through the use of constructed questionnaire which divided into two sections; the 1st section included general information (demographical characteristic) of nurses. The 2nd section was based on job stress scale; it's consisting five domains which are: Dealing with patients and their families, Workload, problems with doctors, Problems with supervisors and Conflict relating peers. The content validity of the instrument was established through penal of (11) experts. Reliability of the questioner was 334. Descriptive data analysis was done through frequency, percentage mean, standard deviation and inferential data analysis was done by Independent t-test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: the results show the majority of nurses were middle age male, married, graduated from nursing institutes, have less than or equal 5 years of experienced in psychiatric hospitals, most of them participated in training courses related to psychiatric mental health care inside Iraq, while few of them participated in the courses outside Iraq. Results revealed that both nurses (male& female) suffering from moderate level of stress in their work in all of domains and there was a significant relationship between nurse's stress and their training courses especially outside the country.Conclusion: the results revealed that job stress in all domains were found moderate among nurses in psychiatric mental health hospitals because of lack of participation in training courses and especially outside country.Recommendation: Reconsider and improving of employees in psychiatric nursing profession by establishing training courses (especially in psychiatry- mental health nursing) inside and outside of country in order to develop nurses' skills according to scientific programs through development of nurse's abilities and performance.Keywords: Assessment, Job, Stress, Nurses, Psychiatric Hospitals
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms of Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at Al Sadder Teaching Hospital in Al Amarah City
Get PDFAbstract:Objectives to assess Anxiety and Depression level of renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and to find out the relationship between anxiety and depression of renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis and their socio demographic characteristics.Methodology A descriptive analytical study was carried out at Al Sadder Teaching Hospital, Hemodialysis Unit , from February, 9th , 2014 to May, 15 th , 2014, in order to assess anxiety and depression level of renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis, , and to identify the significant variance in the level of psychological distress with regard to socio demographic characteristics . A non-probability ( Purposive sample ) of ( 60 ) renal failure patients were selected from hemodialysis unit at Al Amarah City. A questionnaire was adopted and developed for the purpose of the study which consists of three parts; the first part concerning the socio demographic characteristics of patients; the second part deals with the clinical characteristics for patients; and the third part of the questionnaire was (HADS) scale which consists of 14 items. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity is achieved through a panel of (15) experts. The data was described statistically and analyzed through using of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures.Results The results of the present study indicated that the patients have moderate level of anxiety and severe level of depression according to HADS scale, also the study indicated that the socio demographic characteristics have a significant impact on psychological distress level (Anxiety and Depression level) .Conclusion The present study concludes that anxiety and depression are the most common co morbid psychiatric disorders in patients who have renal failure, and there is a relationship between anxiety and depression level of renal failure patients and their socio demographic characteristic.Recommendations The study recommends Increasing the level of awareness for renal failure patients and their families about the nature and type of disease to minimize their distress, Psycho educational programs to improve their psychological and emotional status, the training of nursing staff on how to deal with patients to help them overcome the psychological problems.Key wards: Anxiety, Depression, Psychological Distress, Renal failure, Patients, Hemodialysis
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus in Lung Cancer
No full textAbstract:Background: Lung cancer is the common repeated cause of death in both gender. The highest risk factor for lung tumor is the smoking and the relationship of human papilloma virus(HPV) infection and lung tumor has been reported.HPV can be detected in patient suffering from lung tumors. But there was conflict in the detection of (HPV) infection in patients with lung tumor as a result of racial and geographical diversiform, this current study to detect the rate of HPV infection in lung cancer tissue sample by immunohistochemical technique.Aim of study: This study was designed to detect the presence of HPV in lung cancer patients by immunohistochemistry in specimens taken as lobectomy ,tru cut biopsy or bronchoscopic biopsy.Material and Methods: A total forty 40 lung cancer tissue samples of thirty 30 male and ten 10 female patients, who had undergone lobectomy or tru cut bronchoscpical biopsy from their lungs, where involved in this study, that performed in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine. a University of Kufa from January 2014 to February 2015,twenty seven patients 27 were squamous cell carcinoma (67%5) and seven 7 patient were adenocarcinoma ( 17.5%) And six 6 patients were small cell carcinoma (15%).wart( benign skin lesion) was considered as control involve in this study. All these cases were collected from Al-Seder Teaching Hospital andKUFA JOURNAL FOR NURSING SCIENCES Vol.5 No.3 Sept. through Dec. 2015-2-three private laboratories in AL-Najaf governorate. Their ages were ranging from 37-95 years, with mean 64.15 year and standard deviation ±11,45, thirty two 32 patient were smoker, twenty four 24 were male , while eight 8 were female smoker, while the remaining eight 8 of cases not smoking, six 6 were male, and two 2 were female cases. Labeled Streptavi- Biotin (LSAB+) method for Immnohistochemical detection of HPV was employed. The statistical analysis was officiated using the SPSS version 20.0 statistical software program. The Differenses of HPV prevalence among gender, smoking status, age groups and histological cell types, , were calculated using the Pearson's Chi-square test. and correlation- regression test at P value <0.05and ≥0.3 respectively
Impact of Nurses' Knowledge Upon The Infection Control in Primary Health Care Centers at AL-Amara City.
Get PDFAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the impact of the nurses' knowledge staff concerning the infection control at primary health care centers in AL-Amara city.Methodology: A descriptive study design was carried out in primary health care centers from 17th October, 2014 to August, 2014. The instruments was constructed by the researcher to reach the aims of the study using a non-probability sampling: purposive sample consist of (70) nurses, who worked in immunization unit and dressing unit at primary health care centers in AL-Amara city was selected, and Two study instruments were utilized for proper data collection [questionnaire and demographic information]; the study Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The analysis of the data was used descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation) and statistical inferential ( chi square) Results: The results of the study revealed that (52.9%) at age groups (40) years and more years,. The findings of the present study indicated that (65.7%) of the sample were males and (47.2%) are Nursing institute graduate, (74.3%) have (1-5) years of experience, and (58.6%) have Training courses Conclusion: The study findings indicated that there were highly significant between nurses' knowledge in all domains related to infection control Recommendation: Encourage nurses and motivate them to participate in training programs and conferences held by specialists in infection control to update their knowledge about infection control.Keywords: nurse; knowledge; infection control
Thyroid Function Test in Sick Premature Infants
Get PDFAbstract:Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development. Transient hypothyroxinemia early in life may increase the risk of neurodevelopment disabilities in preterm infant .Objectives: to study thyroid function among preterm infants & factors that may affect the results .Methods: This study was done on 50 preterm infants in Al-Zahraa teaching hospital from the period of 1st of March to 1st of November 2012. Thyroid function test was done to those neonates within the first 3 days of life. All the patients complain of complications of prematurity. Factors related to the neonate as gestational age ,birth weight , sex and complications of prematurity were studied in relation with the results of thyroid function test. Also factors related to the mother as diabetes mellitus, hypertension & family history of thyroid disease & mental retardation was taken into consideration.Results: Thirty seven (74%) of neonates have normal thyroid function test, one neonate (2%) has hypothyroidism, 2 (4%) neonates have transient hypothyroxinemia and 10 (20%) neonates have transient moderate elevation of TSH (10 - 30μU/ml).The preterm with hypothyroidism have family history of mental retardation. and the hypothyroid state could be related to familial cause rather than prematurity. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 17.Conclusion: Although the study shows no statistical relation between gestational age &complications of prematurity with thyroid function test results, thyroid screening for premature infants especially those with complications should be taken into consideration for better outcome.Recommendation: we recommend neonatal screening for thyroid function especially for preterm infants.Key wards: premature infants ,thyroid function test , hypothyroxinemi
Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes towards Health Promotion At Al-Hussein Medical City in Kerbela
Get PDFAbstractObjectives: to assess nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward health promotion at Al-Hussein medical city in Kerbela.Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out during the period from March 52th through June 31th,5112 to assess the nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward health promotion at Al-Hussein medical city in Kerbela on a sample of 151 nurses.