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The correlation between some pathogenicity associated virulence factor and biofilm formation among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Al Najaf Al-Ashraf province
No full textof each individual VF in separation from each other and studies of the assembly and function of UPEC virulence factors can offer a platform for the development of novel researches.Aim of study: The study aim to investigate the incidence and prevalence of the some pathogenicity associated virulence factors (PAVF) in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) such as motility (swarming and swimming ), hemolysin (α and β), siderophore and kind 1 fimbria and association of them with biofilm formation capability.Patients and Method: A total of (170) urine specimens were collected during the period from May 2014 to November 2014 from patients suffering from UTI. All Patients were hospitalized in Alzahraa and Alsadr Teaching Hospitals.Results: a) Out of 170 urine samples, only 70 (41.2% ) of it were UPEC positive isolates and 100 (58.8%) were negative isolates. b) 44 (63%) from cases showed mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (MSHA), 18 (26%) showed mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) and 8 (11%) shows negative results. c) 56(80%) of UPEC isolates were positive for motility and motility of both mode of motions (swarming and swimming ) the results were 66(94%) and 70(100%) respectively. d )16 (23%) of UPEC were β-hemolysis producer, 5 (7%) of it were α -hemolysis producer and 49(70%) did not have hemolysis action. e) 69(99%) were positive for siderophore production f) 67 (96%) of UPEC isolates has positive biofilm formation. g ) There were no significant values between biofilm production and the other virulence factors among the groups of UPEC isolates under investigation. As far as pearson correlation method, it was found that there was positive correlationship between biofilm production and virulence factors like ((hemolysin (α,β), siderophore and kind 1 fimbria )). On the other, there was negative correlationship between biofilm production and virulence factors like swarming and swimming (phenomenon).Conclusion: In respect to the predominance occurrence of virulence factors either solely or collectively in UPEC strains this support the concept of association of UPEC with urinary pathogenicity.Recommendation: future studies may be needed for identifying other pathogenic virulence factors among EPEC isolates necessary for emphasizing their pivotal roles in pathogenicity and to guide intervention to minimize its occurrence.Key words: biofilm, virulence factor, UPEC
Immunological Study of Silver Nanoparticles Produced from Proteus mirabilis in Rabbit
No full textSilver nanoparticles that produced by clinical Proteus mirabilis, were used in immunization rabbits and found effect on immunological parameters, The effect of AgNPs on some immunological parameters were studies in laboratory animals(rabbits). For Nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction test the result significant increase in mean of rabbits immunized with AgNPs(50μg/kg) were compared with control. Skin test of rabbits immunized with AgNPs revealed erythema ,pus cell, induration and necrosis in 72hr. The mitosis of bone marrow cells in animals injected with sliver nanoparticles(AgNPs) antigen at dose of (50μg/kg ) significant increase in mean in (61.935%) compared with control group injected with normal saline (25.087%) . Animals immunized with (AgNPs) antigen gave systemic antigenimia with average 1280 and the same animals gave local antigenimia with average 256 . Show differences as comparison with conthrol animals which gave systemic antigenimia with average 10 and the same animals gave local antigenimia with average 1 .Systemic CD4,CD8 mean value showed significant difference between rabbits group which immunized with normal saline and those with AgNPs and the mean value were (55.42224±25.05434,17.84535±7.27828)for CD4and(25.688874±4.50713, 22.64304± 2.991371) for CD8 respectively, at (P˂ 0.05). the conclusion of this study appeared that AgNPs produced from Proteus mirabilis induced immune response in rabbit.
استخدام أنموذج برمجة أهداف متعددة لتحقيق الإدارة المثلى لأحد حقول تربية الدجاج المخصص لإنتاج اللحوم البيضاء
No full textالمستلخص:تم في هذا البحث استخدام احد أسالیب بحوث العملیات وهو أسلوب برمجة الأهداف لغرض بناءأنموذج ریاضي لتحدید العلیقتین المثالیتین من ناحیتي الكلفة وتوفیر جمیع العناصر الغذائیة المطلوبةلتغذیة الدجاج المخصص لإنتاج اللحوم البیضاء لمرحلتي تغذیة الدجاج (مرحلة البدایة - مرحلة النهایة)وتعظیم الأرباح المتحققة في حقل لتربیة الدجاج المخصص لإنتاج اللحوم البیضاء الى اكبر حد ممكن.AbstractIn this paper, we use one of the methods of operations research. It is thestyle of goal programming to build an mathematical model to determine theoptimal costs for the chicken feed rations allocated to the production of whitemeat chicken feed for the two stages(start phase-the end phase)and to maximizethe profit achieved in the field of raising profits achieved dedicated to theproducts of white meat to the greatest possible exten
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Nurses Knowledge Concerning Complications Prevention of Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Unit in Al- Hussain Teaching Hospital at Nassiryah City
No full textAbstract:Objective: Assess of Knowledge nurses and the effectiveness of educational program on nurses in intensive care units to prevent the complications of mechanical ventilation and to find the relationship between such as age and years of experience in intensive care units at hospitals in Nasiriyah with knowledge of nurses.Methodology: a purposive non-random sample consists of 50 nurses divided into 25 control group study of 25 workers in the intensive care unit of Hussein Teaching Hospital in Nasiriyah. The sample collection in the March 12, 2015 until August 20 2015. The questionnaire consists of the first two parts and is made up of demographical data (6 items), and the second part including assessment of nurses knowledge (30 items), the educational program(40 items) that includes the pre-test and post multiple questions.Descriptive statistics (frequencies and the percentage of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation) and statistics evidentiary (linear correlation coefficient, test T, analysis of variance to analyze the results.Result :The findings of the present study indicate that the nurses have weak knowledge before application of program but post evaluation revealed high level of knowledge among nurses' at ICU toward prevention complication of mechanical ventilation.Conclusion: The study concluded that the program has a clear effect on improving the knowledge of nurses in ICU relating to prevent complications of mechanical ventilation which was indicated by the pretest and posttest of the program.Recommendation: The study recommended the great certainly that should be directed towards the educational aspects in intensive care units through the provision of educational posters and guidance and leaflets and should provide modern teaching aids for the team nursing classroom study purposes of continuing education in intensive care units to enhance the knowledge of nurses.Keywords: Educational program, Nurses, knowledge, Complication, Prevention, Mechanical ventilation_____________________________________________________________________________________
النساء الشرطيات وميكانيزمات التكيفوالمواجهةبحث ميداني في مدينة الديوانية
No full textإنالعملالشرطييعـدمـنالوظـائفالخطيرةبسببأهميتهوطبيعةوأهدافه،ويستوجبعلىالعاملينفيهامتلاكقدراتومهاراتخاصة , ولايمكنأنيتحققذلكإلاإذاكانتالمرأةمؤمنةبالعملالذيتقومبهوتشعربرضاوتشجيعلعملهامنالمجتمع , وعكسذلكتتعرضالمرأةالىاحباطوضغوطعديـدةفـيعملها،الأمرالذييؤثرعلىرضاهاعنالعملبسببعدمشعورهابالراحةالنفسيةوالذييؤثربالتاليعلىأسرتها. ,منهذهالرؤيةأُعدتالدراسةالراهنةلتسلطالضوءعلـىمـدىتحقـقالقناعةلدىالعنصرالنسائيبالشرطة،وذلكمنحيثرضاهنعـنمستوىالعملوالمستقبلالوظيفي،والرضاعنالراتـبوالمزايـاالوظيفيـة .إنمشكلةعملالمرأةفيمجالالشرطةهيالمجتمع, وليسكلالمجتمعولذلكفهيلاتبوحبعملها , وقدلاتتعدىمساحةعملهاسوىامتارفياقفاصعبارةعنسجيناتغيرمقتنعاتبالعملالذييقومنبه , ويهدفالبحثالحاليالىعرضصورةعناتجاهاتالفتياتالىمجالجديدهومجالالشرطةعلىأنهُأحدالاتجاهاتالتيتؤكدتحريرالمرأةومعرفةاتجاهاتهالهذاالمجالولماذاومدىنجاحهذهالتجربة ,أماأهميةالبحثفقدتكمنمنأهميةالتجربةوخاصةًعندمايكونتوقيتهافيفترةيكونمنالصعبالتطوعفيهافيقوىالأمنالداخليخصوصاًوإنالمنتسبينلهذاالعملقدتعرضوالتضحياتكبيرةجداًمنقبلالارهابوبعضالعناصرالمعاديةللتجربةالديمقراطيةفيالعراقبعدعام 2003 , استخدمالباحثالمنهجالوصفي , ومنهجدراسةالحالةوطريقةالمسحالاجتماعي, وشملتعينةالبحثعلى (45) منتسبةمنالضابطاتوالشرطياتوبجميعالرتب , كذلكشملتالدراسةالميدانيةعلىاستمارةاستبيانمكونةمن (20) سؤلاًمعززاًببعضالأسئلةالمفتوحة . وخرجتالدراسةبمجموعةمنالنتائجوالتوصيات
Inefficacy of Language:A study in Beckett's Play –Waiting for Godot
Get PDFLanguage is what determines the regulated world, the signification of which provides the foundation of our culture, our activities and our relations. It defines our identity as a form of reassurance. It deals not only with the impossibilities of knowing the motivation of human beings, but also presents the problem of communication between human beings. Speech is, undoubtedly, the proof of existence as well as a manner of contending silence, solitude and death, and it is man’s unique heritage. Absurd dramatists’ use of language probes the limitations of language both as a means of communication and as an instrument of thought as there can be no definite meanings in a world deprived of values, principles and virtues. They have chosen to write in a language devoid of content to become the adequate representation of stagnant life; they present language as an inefficient tool to express one’s thought, to comprehend the world, or to define one’s self. So Samuel Beckett metalized the absurdity of modern life and human condition in his play. He displayed that with the advent of the twentieth century and its idiosyncrasies, the already taken-for-granted defined character has turn to the most passive of all, bewildered, disillusioned, alienated, dislocated, and purposeless. This creature may provide a new language, new ideas, new approaches, and a new vitalized philosophy to transform the modes of thought and feeling of the public at large in a not too distant future. The present paper aims to reveal the labyrinth of language since it is the symbol of human existence. So it is used here as a symbol of absurdity.Key words: absurdity, existence, communication, inefficient, deterioration, gesture
اتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو الإرهاب الفكري وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات
No full textتعد شريحة طلبة الجامعة من الشرائح الهامة في المجتمع اذ يشكلون نسبة كبيرة منه اضافة الى خطورة ادوارهم المستقبلية في قيادة المجتمع وتعداراؤهم وميولهم واتجاهاتهم محددا هاما لنمط سلوكهم لذا هدف البحث الى بناء مقياس لاتجاهات طلبة الجامعة نحو الارهاب الفكري و معرفة مستوى اتجاهاتهم وعلاقة الاتجاهات بمتغيري الجنس و التخصص الدراسي .صيغت اربع فرضيات لاختبارها احصائيا و تمثل مجتمع البحث بطلبة جامعة الكوفة للعام الدراسي 2014-2015 واختيرت عينة ممثلة من كليتي التربية والرياضيات وعلوم الحاسوب لتمثل التخصصين العلمي والانساني وكان عددها ( 247) طالبا وطالبة .تم بناء مقياس الاتجاه نحو الارهاب الفكري وتألف بصورته النهائية من (33) فقرة وثلاثة مجالات شملت ( الارهاب اللغوي والسياسي والثقافي ) وتم استخراج خصائصه السايكومترية اذ بلغ ثبات المقياس ( 0.75) بطريقة التجزئة النصفية واستخرج المعيار الزائي (Z score) له وتوصل الباحثان للنتائج الاتية :1- وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تشير الى ان اتجاهات الطلبة كانت سلبية تجاه الارهاب الفكري .2- لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين اتجاهات الطلاب والطالبات نحو الارهاب الفكري .3- لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين اتجاهات الطلبة ذوي التخصص العلمي والانساني نحو الارهاب الفكري
Level of Psychosocial Problems among Children in a Refugee Camp in Kirkuk City
Get PDFAbstractObjective of the study: The purpose of this study is to identify the demographic characteristics and to find out the level of psychosocial problems among refugee children as well as, the relationships between some demographical factors and psychosocial problems among children in Yahyawah refugee camp in city of Kirkuk.Methodology: A descriptive study was designed from September 1stand up to November 15th 2015. A non-probability purposive sample of 60 children with age ranged from four to twelve year, who displaced and lives with their families in Laylan, Yahyawah refugee camp in the city of Kirkuk participated in the current study. A designed questionnaire was used for the study. This questionnaire is a modified version of pediatric symptoms checklist (PSC) and it consists of two parts, a basic demographic characteristics and secondly, a part forms the inventory. The inventory comprised of 38 items organized into five subcategories. Three choices were for each item. The total score of the inventory was ranged from 38 to 114. The data was collected through interview with one of the parents. The data analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis (Frequency, Percentage %) and inferential statistics.Result: The results found that) 53.3%) of the study sample were male and (40%) of them aged from (10-12 years) old. The psychosocial assessment showed that from (38) items, there was (35) items reported low level assessment concerning psycho – social aspect for children.A highly significant association (p<0.007) found among child’s psychosocial problem and monthly income of the family.Conclusion: the study concluded that socio-economic status has a great effect on the psychological status of the children in refugee camps.Recommendation: Refugee camps need to be observed directly by the government in addition to the civil society organizations and provide these camps with suitable requirements and specific care particularly for children's, so they can grow in healthy environment.Key Word: Psychosocial problems, Children, Refugee Camp
Prevalence and Impact of Headache in Undergraduate Students in Kirkuk University
Get PDFAbstractBackground : Headache is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system and several of its subtypes tension-type headache, migraine, cluster headache and the so-called chronic daily headache syndromes—cause substantial levels of disability for students and peoples throughout the world . Objectives of the study :- Aims of the study to determine headache prevalence among college students at Kirkuk university in Kirkuk city and to find out the relationship between headache and demographic characteristic of student with age , gender and residenceMaterial and Method : descriptive design used to achieve the objectives of the study was carried out at on students of collegs at Kirkuk University between the from September 14th 2014 to May 1st 2015. The study was conducted in Kirkuk university, the study conducted on six college from Kirkuk University (Education ,Nursing , Agriculture , Science , Law and Administration and Economic ).A convenient sample consisted of (600) students who were study in the colleges of Kirkuk university.Through extensive review of relevant literature, In order to collect the study information, a questionnaire was constructed .The data was collected by using personal and interview technique. Overall items included in the questionnaire were (52) items.. The questionnaire consists of two parts, demographic data which is composed of (10) items such as (age, gender, class, marital status, types of headache and duration ).part two include characteristic of headache comprised of (42) items. That classified as (Frequency, Onset, Location, Triggers and Associated Symptoms for headache. All items were measured by using 3-likert scale option were used in the rating scale as always (3) , some time (2) and Never (1). Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, which include frequency and percentages, were computed and inferential statistics (T test and ANOVA), Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version (17) is used for data analysis at (P.value ≤ 0.05).Results :The results shows the headache were high in students at age between (21-25 years) and constitute (59.5 % ) .Also the results shows the headache is common in females and constituted of (50.7 %) . Mostof the students were Single and constituted (86.4% ) and (43.0%) of the students were have tension headache ,with regard to the start of headache (54.7% ) of the sample were have headache after reading finally about duration of headache (38.8%) of student were have headache hourly also the result show high significant between headache and type of college Also the study concluded there were significant differences between pain type, Location , Triggers and Associated Symptoms for headache and their student gender except for Frequency and Onset of headache.Conclusion: Headache is a highly prevalent condition among the students at the University of kirkuk .This disease may have a major impact on the students’ lives and in some cases, ultimately lead to educational failure.Recommendation:- The researcher recommends further studies includes all colleges Kirkuk university ,provide psychological support for college student to decrease tension headache, constructing specialized headache center to dealing with headache cases and providing posters, booklet to improve students' knowledge about headacheKeys; Headache Prevalence, Students
الضغوط النفسية وعلاقتها بارتقاء النسق القيمي لدى معلمات رياض الأطفال دراسة ميدانية في مدينة بغداد
No full textالضغوط المهنية لها تأثير كبير في سلوك معلمات رياض الاطفال وارتقاء قيمهن كونهن يتعاملن مع شريحة مهمة ( الاطفال ) في المجتمع, والتي تعد الاساس في تقدم اي مجتمع متقدم. لذلك نجد ان معلمات رياض الاطفال يستخدمُن اساليب متنوعة ترتبط بخصائصهن النفسية وطبيعة الاحداث ذاتها لمواجهة بعض الاحداث الضاغطة ، فمنهن من تستطيع ان تتعامل مع الحدث بمرونة وتتحمل الضغط ومتكيفة معه وتحسن ادائهن ومنهن من تتعامل معه على نحو متصلب وسلبي وتشعر به وكأنه تهديد لها وخطر عليها. وهذا ما يزيد من حدة شعورهن بالضغط النفسي وهن مستندات في ذلك الى خلفياتهن عن المعاني الشخصية والدلالات الخاصة التي يضيفونها المعلمات على اساليب تعاملهن مع الاحداث الضاغطة،هدفت الدراسة التعرف على الضغوط النفسية لمعلمات رياض الاطفال وعلاقتها بارتقاء النسق القيمي لديهن. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي. وبلغت عينة الدراسة (150 معلمة) تم اختيارهن بالطريقة العشوائية من مجتمع الدراسة من معلمات رياض الاطفال الحكومية في مدينة بغداد / جانب الرصافة. واستخدمت الباحثة مقياسي الضغوط النفسية(من اعداد الباحثة), وتبنت مقياس ارتقاء النسق القيمي من (شامخ والحمداني ،2010), وتوصلت الدراسة الى عدة نتائج تشير منها انه كلما كان النسق القيمي لدى معلمة الروضة عالي، كلما قل لديها الضغط النفسي وانتهت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات