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Identification and quantification of heartwood extractives of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii x japonica) clones using GC-MS and MCR-ALS
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Phenolic profiles of Acer pseudoplatanus as affected by plant developmental stage in the light of equine atypical myopathy
Get PDFPhenolic and lipophilic compounds of wheat grain as factors affecting susceptibility to infestation by granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.)
Get PDFThe impact of certain groups of polyphenolic (phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols) and lipophilic compounds (total lipids, fatty acids, sterols, tocols and carotenoids) on susceptibility of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels to Sitophilus granarius infestation was studied. In the experiments, six cultivars of spring wheat with comparable protein content, endosperm hardness and overall technological quality were used. Twenty grams of grain were infested by 10 pairs of beetles and stored for one week or eight weeks at 28±2°C and relative humidity of 60%. The intensity of growth and feeding of S. granarius varied significantly in the used cultivars. The antixenosis effect of the studied grain chemicals, observed after one week of infestation, was the lowest for Łagwa cv., which was characterized by the highest total lipid and sterol contents. Other cultivars showed a similar antixenosis effect. For antibiosis effect, the most attractive for S. granarius infestation was Ostka Smolicka cv., which was characterized by the lowest content of total phenolic acids. In contrast, the highest antibiosis effect was found for Arabella and Izera cvs. with the lowest values of sterol content and average values of other determined phytochemicals
Commercial micropropagation in Germany
Get PDFSince the first experiments of Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854-1945) in the early 1900 on the in vitro cultivation of plant tissue, the fields of application have expanded from research of plant physiology to applications in breeding, molecular and microbiology and it became also an important tool for commercial plant production (Laimer and Rücker, 2003). Different fields of application and their perspectives will be discussed. Numbers of commercial micropropagation in Germany will be presented from 2004 to 2017 and possible reasons for changes investigated
The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera \u27Shiraz\u27 under vineyard conditions
Get PDFTemperature and light are key climatic factors which affect grapevine physiology in the growing season. Our aim was to investigate the interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on reproductive growth responses of \u27Shiraz\u27 vines in vineyard conditions. Well-watered vines were covered with no shade, light, medium and heavy shade covers in a vineyard over three consecutive seasons. Several heat events, i.e., air temperatures exceeding 40 °C for several days, occurred in two of the seasons. Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 3.2-6 °C in the cooler season and by 4-6 °C in the warmer seasons, relative to air temperature and compared with the open canopy. The onset of berry growth was delayed by the heavy shade but the rate of sugar accumulation was not affected. During the season with the most severe heat events, berry dry matter accumulation was significantly higher in the shaded treatments compared to the unshaded vines. The hypothesis was confirmed that medium and heavy shade conferred high levels of protection on the berry ripening process from high summer temperatures and the concurrent exposure to light intensities
Intra-varietal diversity for agronomic traits in \u27Garnacha Blanca\u27
Get PDF\u27Garnacha Blanca\u27 is a somatic variant derived from \u27Garnacha Tinta\u27, an old variety with large genetic and phenotypic variability. In this work we have studied for two years the phenotypic variation existing in \u27Garnacha Blanca\u27 for yield and quality related traits in accessions from 14 sampling locations of ancient vineyards in the Ebro Valley, Spain. The results showed high variability among the accessions in many of the traits studied in \u27Garnacha Blanca\u27. Different accessions could be distinguished both years using several traits, including two important traits in terms of quality and yield: bunch compactness and yield per plant. A large environment effect, intrinsic to the \u27Garnacha\u27 group, enhances phenotypic variation among years, what requires increasing the number of bunches and years for clonal characterization in this variety. The dimensions of the berry showed the least variability, while traits related to bunch architecture like bunch length were discriminant and also stable
Effects of different tillage systems on yields and soil properties at test site Gülzow (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
Get PDFIn einem langjährigen Bodenbearbeitungsversuch in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern wurden nach regelmäßiger Bearbeitung mit dem Pflug hohe, typisch ansteigende Eindringwiderstände von max. 3,5 MPa in 30–45 cm Bodentiefe festgestellt, während nach Grubbereinsatz eher allmähliche Anstiege über 0–60 cm Tiefe vorlagen. Wendende (Pflug) und nichtwendende (Grubber) sowie wechselnde (Pflug/Grubber) Bodenbearbeitung bewirkten im Tiefenbereich 0–30 cm differenzierte Effekte auf Trockenrohdichte, Porosität, Wasser- und Luftanteil. Die Untersuchungen zum Ertragsverhalten zeigten, dass unter den gegebenen Standortbedingungen eine Reduzierung der jährlich wendenden Bodenbearbeitung bis zum Pflugverzicht ohne Ertragsverluste möglich ist. Der periodische Wechsel aus wendender und nichtwendender Bodenbearbeitung lässt ähnlich wie dauerhaft nichtwendende Bearbeitung im Vergleich zum jährlichen Pflügen günstige bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften erwarten. DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2019.02-03.02, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2019.02-03.02In a long-term tillage experiment in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania high penetration resistances up to 3,5 MPa were found in 30–45 cm soil depth as a result of continuous ploughing. A no-till-system showed a gradual increase over 0–60 cm soil depth. Tillage with plough, cultivator or rotational tillage (changing of plough and cultivator) caused different effects on dry density, porosity, water and air content in the upper soil (0–30 cm). Under the existing site conditions, yields were not compromised by a reduction of the tillage intensity. The data suggest that rotational tillage may have beneficial effects on physical soil properties, similar to the effects observed with continuous no-till regimes. DOI: 10.5073/JfK.2019.02-03.02, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2019.02-03.0