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Two dimensional proteomic analyses revealed salinity and drought tolerance related protein alterations in two gamma-induced soybean mutants
Full text linkSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr], is an important industrial oil seed plant. Along with the nutritional value for humans and animals, it has raw materials for various industrial products. In the present study, we investigated the two-dimensional protein expression profiles in salinity and drought tolerant mutant plants derived from S04-05 soybean variety by Cs-137 gamma radiation source induced mutations. Altogether 54 different protein spot alterations were identified as salinity and drought responsive by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed considering significantly altered proteins by STRING analysis software. Identified proteins, which presented differential expressions under both stress conditions, were clustered under 13 distinct groups based on their cellular functions. Two of these biological processes, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, were found significantly altered by KEGG analysis. Our results contribute proteomic data to salinity and drought tolerance of our soybean mutants, which originated from S04-05, a variety mildly susceptible to salinity and drought. These results may provide a basis for future investigations into the genetic and physiological aspects of both stress tolerance
Grußwort von Carl-Albrecht Bartmer bei der Gedenkveranstaltunganlässlich des 200. Geburtstages von Julius Kühn am 23. Oktober 2025
Full text linkWill climate change affect the Tempranillo Blanco grape variety in a similar way as Tempranillo in the Rioja Designation of Origin?
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to analyse the potential changes in phenology and grape composition of ‘Tempranillo Blanco’ compared to those for ‘Tempranillo’ in La Rioja. Phenological dates referred to bloom, veraison and maturity and grape composition during ripening were evaluated for the period 2014-2023 and related to climatic variables in two climato- logically different zones (Rioja Alta and Rioja Oriental) and for the projected changes in temperature and precipitation under different emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). An advance in phenology is projected under climate change for both varieties, in agreement with that observed in years with different weather conditions. Bloom, veraison and maturity could be advanced 4, 6 and 11 days and 5, 6 and 12 days, respectively for ‘Tempranillo Blanco’ and ‘Tempranillo’ by 2050 under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The advance could be up to 1.6 times higher under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Similar decrease in titratable acidity and malic acid is observed for both varieties with increasing minimum temperature during ripening (0.11 and 0.13 g.L-1 for 1°C increase, respectively for titratable acidity and malic acid), which may be enhanced with increasing water deficits, not only during ripening (0.15 and 0.12 g.L-1 per a decrease of 10 mm in the available soil water) but also during the bloom-veraison period (0.06 g.L-1 and 0.05 g.L-1, respectively for the white and red variety). Thus, under the projected increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation, both varieties will suffer a decrease in acidity, which would have more negative implications for ‘Tempranillo’ than for ‘Tempranillo Blanco’
Yield of chickpea genotypes as function of row spacing planting in northern Paraná
Full text linkChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a cool-season legume, optimally adapted to regions with low to moderate rainfall. In tropical environments, where its cultivation remains underexplored, it emerges as a potential alternative for winter cropping systems. Proper selection of plant population densities can enhance resource use efficiency, making it a viable component of sustainable agricultural systems.
This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of chickpea cultivars under different row spacing in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Northern Paraná, Brazil (Bandeirantes - PR). The experiment followed a randomized complete block design in a 6 × 3 factorial arrangement, comprising six chickpea cultivars (BRS Toro, BRS Cícero, BRS Aleppo, BRS Cristalino, BRS Kalifa, and CP 1605) and three row spacings (40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm). Sowing was conducted on March 27, 2020. Evaluated parameters included biometric traits, grain yield, aboveground biomass production, canopy closure rate, and nutritional composition (crude protein and mineral content). Results indicated that 40 cm and 50 cm row spacings significantly increased biomass production (p < 0.05). The BRS Aleppo cultivar, at 40 cm spacing, achieved a mean grain yield of 1055.4 kg ha - ¹, exceeding the global average, along with high crude protein content (24.5%). Additionally, it exhibited efficient canopy closure by the end of the vegetative cycle, suggesting reduced weed competition. In conclusion, BRS Aleppo demonstrates promising adaptation to tropical conditions, with potential for integration into winter cropping systems under high-density planting (40 cm row spacing)
Early detection of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 in a table and raisin grape germplasm collection in Central California: GLRaV-3 detection in table and raisin grapes
Full text linkCaused by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) is one of the most devastating viral diseases in most grape-growing regions worldwide. Unfortunately, due to a lack of understanding of the GLRaV-grapevine interaction, there are currently no applicable measures to cure GLRaV-3 infection. Most effective GLRD control strategies include planting certified virus-free grapevines and removing virus-infected vines through rogueing. Therefore, early detection of GLRaV-3 is critical for the timely removal of infected plants in the vineyard. Here, we evaluated the efficiency and accuracy of GLRaV-3 early detection by RT-PCR using a table and raisin grape germplasm collection in California’s Central Valley. The results were verified by late detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the efficacy of RT-PCR-based GLRaV-3 early detection highly depends on the genotypes. Some GLRaV-3-infected germ-plasm could be detected by RT-PCR at an early stage, while other lines either generated inconsistent results between individual plants or exhibited only negative outcomes; however, they were almost all later confirmed to be GLRaV-3 positive by ELISA. The inconsistency is probably due to slower virus propagation and disease development in these lines. We also found that despite the lower GLRaV-3 early detection rate, all positive RT-PCR results are accurate and can be used to guide timely vine removal to prevent GLRaV-3 spread. Early detection of GLRaV-3 across various varieties and breeding lines provides valuable germplasm-dependent guidance for table and raisin grape growers and researchers in Central California, enabling them to initiate disease management as early as in April. With necessary modifications, the guidance can also be applied to GLRaV-3 management in vineyards outside of our region
Traditional knowledge, nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of edible flowers consumed by indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico
Full text linkThis study determined the nutritional composition of the following native flower species consumed in rural and indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico: Chamaedorea atrovirens Mart., Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm., Cryosophila nana (Kunth) Blume ex Salomon, Agave potatorum Zucc., Yucca filifera Chabaud, Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Disocactus speciosus (Cav.) Barthlott, Cucurbita argyrosperma K. Koch, Cucurbita pepo L., Diphysa americana (Mill.) M. Sousa, Erythrina americana Mill., Phaseolus coccineus L., and Quararibea funebris (La Llave) Vischer. Information on preparation methods was collected, and the proximate composition, minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified. The flowers are commonly consumed boiled, roasted, fried, pickled, as filling for quesadillas, or used in beverages. The species exhibited high fiber and mineral contents, mainly of K, Mg, and Ca. Diphysa americana (Mill.) M. Sousa, Erythrina americana Mill., and Phaseolus coccineus L. showed the highest concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids, which correlated positively with greater antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrate that the edible flowers analyzed remain deeply rooted in the local gastronomy of Oaxaca’s communities and are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds
Grapevine, Berry and Soil Indicators to Manage Minimal Irrigation Strategy in Semi-Arid Conditions: Example of Grenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L.)
Full text linkThe combination of low rainfall, high evapotranspiration and low water availability under semi-arid conditions necessitates rethinking cultural practices including the use of irrigation. This article aims to present necessary soil-climate and vegetative-berry development variables to be considered to manage a minimal irrigation for ensuring yield consistency and avoiding potential inhibition of berry development and maturation. A two-year study (2022-2023) was conducted on ‘Grenache N’. (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted onto 110R in commercial vineyards located in the wine region of Pyrénées-Orientales (PO), South of France. One drip-irrigated and one rainfed treatment were compared. Among the main findings of this study, the relationship between soil water content and predawn leaf water potential differed for irrigated treatment compared to the rainfed treatment. This highlights the need for a proper calibration curve between these two variables when considering drip irrigation. In addition, the monitoring of the evolutions of berry sugar and organic acids, in parallel with the evolution of berry volume (or fresh mass), permitted to evaluate the impact of water supply on vine water and carbon functioning and achieve minimal irrigation. When local water availability for irrigation is limited (less than 500 m³ per hectare per year), such soil, plant and berry measurements at key stages can make the difference and help surpass physiological limits. This study ultimately proposes an easy-to-conduct field method to help winegrowers achieve predefined yield and wine quality targets while minimizing their water footprint
Diagrammatic scales use to improve the accuracy of the Grape Ripe Rot severity evaluations
Full text linkEfficient disease management to prevent and minimize damage requires analytical tools such as diagrammatic scales, which are essential for phenotypic analyses and epidemiological studies. The effectiveness of this model for quantifying damage and symptoms depends on its accuracy and precision in the analyses, which are evaluated using statistical indices. There is no specific diagrammatic scale (DS) for grape ripe rot. Therefore, this study aimed to create and validate a specific DS for laboratory analysis of this disease. The scale was developed using the R software, based on the NGRDI (Normalized Green Red Difference Index), using photographs of berries with different disease percentages. Based on the Weber-Fechner law of visual acuity, the software calculated the limits of the scale, generating a scale with 12 levels of severity (0 to 91.4%). To validate the DS, 24 berries of different grapevine genotypes were inoculated with two isolates of Colletotrichum spp. On the tenth day, the berries were evaluated by 13 random raters who gave a score in the percentage of the affected area for each infected berry, with and without the help of the scale developed. Lin’s Concordance Correlation (CCC) and the R² Coefficient of determination provided similar results in terms of a correlation coefficient; higher values with the use of the DS compared to the visual evaluation of the severity of grape ripe rot without any reference. Looking for discrepancies and errors of assessment, the Inter-Rate Reliability Index and the Absolute Error Adherence also agreed in terms of higher variation and high error without the use of DS to evaluate the severity of grape ripe rot. Therefore, the DS can be used routinely in studies with grape ripe rot on white-colored berry varieties. However, adjustments to the model are necessary for red and pink ones
Biotic risks to important tree genera under climate change in Europe
Full text linkUm die zukünftige Resilienz von Waldökosystemen abschätzen zu können, ist es wichtig zu verstehen, wie Forstschädlinge auf ein sich veränderndes Klima reagieren. Unter Berücksichtigung von fast 200 Studien haben wir den Einfluss höherer Temperaturen und Trockenheit auf Insekten und Pathogene sechs wichtiger Wirtsbaumgattungen in Europa untersucht. Die in den Primärstudien angegebenen Maße der Schädlingsperformance wurden auf Artniveau aggregiert und mit einer Bewertung des Schadpotenzials kombiniert, um einen biotischen Risikoindex für die betroffenen Baumgattungen zu berechnen. Während höhere Temperaturen und eine geringere Wasserverfügbarkeit zu einem allgemeinen Anstieg des biotischen Risikos führten, war eine klare Abstufung zwischen den Wirtsbaumgattungen ersichtlich: Für Picea und Abies stieg das biotische Risiko am stärksten, gefolgt von Quercus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga und Fagus. Verschiedene funktionelle Gruppen von Schädlingen trugen unterschiedlich stark zum biotischen Risiko innerhalb der einzelnen Wirtsbaumgattungen bei. Unsere Ergebnisse können die Abschätzung der Mortalität von Bäumen im Klimawandel verbessern und Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse bei der Waldbewirtschaftung erleichtern.Understanding the response of forest pests to climate change is essential to assess the future resilience of forest ecosystems. By considering nearly 200 individual research studies, we reviewed the effects of increased temperature and drought on insects and pathogens in six important host tree genera in Europe. Pest performance measures reported in the studies were aggregated at the species level and combined with an assessment of its damage potential to calculate a biotic risk index for the affected tree genera. While warmer temperatures and lower water availability led to an overall increase in biotic risk, we observed a clear ranking among hosts, with Picea and Abies being the most affected, followed by Quercus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Fagus. Functional groups of pests contributed differently to the genus-specific biotic risk. Our findings will help to improve estimates of tree mortality under climate change and facilitate decision-making in forest management
