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Corrigendum: Deposition of an active substance on upper and lower leaf surface and implications on the efficacy in different ornamental plants depending on nozzle type and addition of a wetting-agent
Get PDFDer ursprüngliche Artikel wurde am 01.02.2021 im Journal für Kulturpflanzen 73 (1-2), 9-20, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2021.01-02.01 publiziert.Der Artikel enthält eine fehlerhafte Abbildung (Abb. 7), deren rechte Teilabbildung versehentlich ein Duplikat der linken Teilabbildung ist. Die korrigierte Abb. 7 erscheint hier als Abb. .Die Schlussfolgerungen des Artikels bleiben unverändert. Wir entschuldigen uns für diesen Fehler.The original article was published on 1 February 2021in Journal of Cultivated Plants 73 (1-2), 9-20, https://doi.org/10.5073/JfK.2021.01-02.01.The article contains errors in Fig. 7, whose left part was duplicated, accidentally. The corrected Fig. 7 appears here as Fig. .The conclusions of the article remain unchanged. We apologize for the error
Determination of pathotypes of tomato leaf mold, Fulvia fulva, occurring in Germany
Get PDFEin zunehmendes Problem im ökologischen, aber durch die Reduktion anwendbarer Pflanzenschutzmittel auch vermehrt im konventionellen sowie integrierten, Tomatenanbau ist die Samtfleckenkrankheit, verursacht durch den pilzlichen Erreger Fulvia fulva (syn. Passalora fulva, Cladosporium fulvum). Zur Vermeidung von Schäden durch den Erreger mit zum Teil erheblichen Ertragsausfällen wird der Anbau resistenter Sorten empfohlen. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden die monogen bedingten Resistenzen durch die Anpassung und die Bildung offensichtlich neuer Pathotypen des Erregers immer häufiger durchbrochen. Bislang liegen zum Vorkommen von Pathotypen in Deutschland keine Kenntnisse vor. Das Wissen darüber ist essentiell für eine effektive Züchtungsarbeit an neuen Tomatensorten.Das Julius Kühn-Institut hat zusammen mit dem gemeinnützigen Züchterverein Kultursaat e. V. ein im Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau und andere Formen nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft (BÖLN) gefördertes Projekt konzipiert mit dem Ziel, im Pathosystem Tomate-Fulvia fulva eine neue Züchtungsstrategie zu erproben und neue Resistenzquellen zu erschließen. Ein Teilbereich der Arbeiten befasste sich mit dem aktuellen Auftreten der Pathotypen von F. fulva in Deutschland. Es wurden diverse Isolate aus Einsendungen in eine Pathogenbank aufgenommen und die Pathotypen mit Hilfe eines Differentialsortimentes Tomate (MATREF) in Klimakammerversuchen identifiziert. Daraus wurde eine Übersicht über das momentane räumliche Vorkommen der Pathotypen in Deutschland erstellt, die für die Züchtungsarbeit im Projekt richtungsweisend ist sowie für den Anbau in der Praxis wichtige Hinweise gibt.Tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva (syn. Passalora fulva, Cladosporium fulvum) is an increasing problem in organically grown plants as well as in conventional and integrated cultivation, due to the reduction of applicable plant protection products. To counter the impacts on yield it is recommended to grow resistant varieties. In recent years, however, the frequency of breakdown of the monogenic resistance of these varieties has increased. To date, there is no knowledge of the occurrence of pathotypes in Germany. Nevertheless, knowledge about pathotypes is essential to conduct effective breeding work on new tomato varieties.Together with the non-profit breeders’ association Kultursaat e. V., the Julius Kühn-Institute has designed a project supported by the Federal Programme “Organic Farming and Other Forms of Sustainable Agriculture”. The aim of the project was to test a new breeding strategy and to select new sources of resistance. An aspect of the project concerned with the current appearance of pathotypes of Fulvia fulva in Germany. Various isolates from submissions were entered into a pathogen bank and to a large degree identified in climatic chamber tests using a tomato differential set (MATREF). From these results, an overwiew was created which depicts the spatial occurence of different pathotypes in Germany and contains relevant information for breeding work during the project and growing in practice
Annual report of the Investigation Centre for Bee Poisoning Incidents (Untersuchungsstelle für Bienenvergiftungen, UBieV) 2020
Get PDFEffects of genotype and environmental conditions on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) shoot morphology
Get PDFGrapevine shoot morphology is widely studied for both ampelography and growing adaptation to environmental stresses. However, few is known concerning the relative contribution and interactions of the genotype and of the growing conditions to the vegetative growth. In this work, seven grapevine cultivars were studied in three geographically distant ampelographic collections to maximize the genotype and environment differences among samples. Phytomers were studied concerning the leaf area and the stem and petiole diameters and lengths. These measurements allowed the calculation of derivative parameters to describe the proportions among elements. Despite most of the studied parameters significantly discriminated both factors (cultivar and growing conditions), it was possible to identify, for each one of them, the most promising parameters based on their relative variance explanation. In fact, a negative correlation was observed between the roles of genotype and environment among the studied parameters. The low interaction effect suggested a stability in the plant behaviors, confirming the possibility to use vegetative descriptions for both cultivar discrimination and growing conditions. Future studies will be performed to develop specific indexes based on the phenotypical variability of shoot morphology described here
Leaves of more cold hardy grapes have a higher density of small, sunken stomata
Get PDFLeaf stomatal density, index and size are known to be affected by the growing conditions, presumably to provide a better function for plant development. The question was whether there is a difference in stomatal parameters between grape species with different cold hardiness: V. riparia and V. vinifera; and the V. vinifera cultivars \u27Riesling\u27, \u27Chardonnay\u27, \u27Sauvignon Blanc\u27 and \u27Merlot\u27. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy allowed the observation of 3 types of stomata in developing and mature leaves of all examined grape leaves. Stomatal parameters were found to be significantly affected by species or cultivar and growing conditions but not rootstock. A higher stomatal density and index were determined for the more cold hardy V. riparia and V. vinifera \u27Riesling\u27, whereby the higher number of stomata in \u27Riesling\u27 was found to be due to a higher number of small, sunken stomata. These findings might indicate a strategy of grape plants to optimize growth under low temperatures by using fast-acting stomata whose gas and water exchange are less affected than for larger stomata
Screening of the effects of Zinc oxide based nanofertilizers on the germination of Lathyrus sativa L. seeds
Get PDFZinc based nanofertilizers may be useful tools in improving crop culture, especially in Zinc deficient soil. The present study aims to investigate the role of nanosized zinc oxide particles (ZnO NPs, diameter<100 nm) in modulating seed germination, embryo nutrition and growth of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Our data revealed ameliorating or inhibiting effects depending of the concentration of ZnO NPs administrated. At metabolic level, the growing embryonic axes seem to cope with induced oxidative stress, by enhancing hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity. We revealed interesting regulatory mechanisms evolved within the embryonic cells to limit the oxidative damages induced by ZnO NPs and Zinc sulfate when applied at low concentrations (0.01 mg mL-1, 0.1 mg mL-1). Nonetheless, at high concentrations (1 mg mL-1, 10 mg mL-1), ZnO NPs led to drastic perturbations in the metabolism, which resulted in the inhibition of root and seedling growth. Our work may bring novel insight into the mechanistic understanding of the physiological role of the nanosized ZnO in enhancing the efficacy of fertilization. We also assess the critical role of applied concentration of nano-fertilisers to avoid toxicity to plants. Such phytotoxicity is not only affecting crops yield, but also may alter the biological properties and the nutritive quality of plant-derived food products, which may endanger or risk human health
Global transcriptome analysis of heat stress response of grape variety \u27Fantasy Seedless\u27 under different irrigation regimens
Get PDFGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a commercially important fruit crop worldwide, faces several challenging conditions during its growth cycle. Among many abiotic stresses, heat and moisture stresses have major impact on grapevine productivity and fruit quality. Transcriptome analysis of heat stress response of grape variety \u27Fantasy Seedless\u27 grown under different irrigation regimens identified large number of differentially expressed genes. Genes belonging to chaperone mediated protein folding and cell-wall modification pathways were found to play a significant role in plant response to heat as well as moisture stress. Subsurface irrigation helped minimize the adverse effects of stress through modulation of genes involved in cell homeostasis. The study has given critical insight into grapevine response to heat stress arising due to aberrant weather conditions
The interplay between hormone signaling and defense gene expression in grapevine genotypes carrying genetic resistance against Plasmopara viticola
Get PDFThe present study aimed to investigate plant defense related pathways during Plasmopara viticola infection in Vitis vinifera varieties. Plant material consisted of \u27Chardonnay\u27 (no Rpv), \u27Regent\u27 (Rpv3-1), \u27Bronner\u27 (Rpv3-3+Rpv10), \u27Calardis Blanc\u27 (Rpv3-1+Rpv3-2), and the breeding selection GF15 (Rpv1+Rpv3-1). Gene expression analysis was carried out for the varieties \u27Regent\u27, GF15, \u27Bronner\u27, and \u27Chardonnay\u27. Hormonal quantification was performed for jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and trans-zeatin-ribose (tZR). The samples were collected from plants cultivated in vitro inoculated with Plasmopara viticola sporangia, and collected at 0, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-days post inoculation (DPI) for gene expression; and 0, 3, 5, and 7 DPI for hormonal quantification. The results showed an interaction between genotype and time post inoculation in gene expression and hormonal pathways linked with pathogen recognition. Both jasmonate and salicylic acids were involved in the resistance response. The role of stilbenes acting against the pathogen at different times was also confirmed. Changes in the expression of genes linked to cell defense were observed in all evaluated genotypes; however, genotypes with R-loci responded more quickly than the variety without R-loci, activating mechanisms of cell death, resulting in symptoms of hypersensitivity
