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Das Institut für Anwendungstechnik im Pflanzenschutz des Julius Kühn-Institutes (JKI) gibt bekannt:
Get PDFAnalysis and evaluation of rice grain quality in Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFRice quality is a comprehensive quantitative trait greatly influenced by heredity and environment. Here, 11 rice quality traits and Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA) profiles of 30 indica rice germplasms were detected and analyzed. In addition, we used grain size genes and starch synthesis gene Wx to detect the rice quality genotypes of rice. The results showed different degrees of correlation among rice quality traits. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) divided rice quality traits into four principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 82.478%. Cluster analysis divided 30 rice varieties into five categories. The first four types had better rice quality. Identification of rice quality genes indicated that most of the genotypes were GS3, GS9, GW5, GW8 and Wxb, and a few were GW7 and Wxa. Identifying rice quality characteristics and genotypes of rice varieties may lay a theoretical foundation for promoting the cultivation of new rice varieties, enabling breeders andresearchers to develop better rice varieties
Nutritional and neuroprotective characterization of \u27Tadanishiki\u27 yuzu according to harvesting period or extraction condition
Get PDFThe present study investigated the phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective properties of ‘Tadanishiki’ yuzu (Citrus junos, a seedless variety of yuzu) according to harvesting period and extraction condition. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the functional components. To evaluate the neuroprotective properties, scopolamine was used to induce cholinergic dysfunction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with yuzu extracts. Among the harvesting periods, September provided the optimum fruit weight of yuzu and relatively high amounts of total phenolics (3.67 mg/g DW), flavonoids (10.13 mg/g DW), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (29.10 μg Vit. C eq.). Of the functional compounds, hesperidin (13.57 mg/100 g DW) and naringin (5.84 mg/100 g DW) were the highest in 5% (w/v) yuzu extracted with 80% ethanol and this extract showed the highest DPPH (289.2 μg Vit. C eq.) scavenging activity. This same extract showed the highest cell viability and lowest cortisol or acetylcholinesterase content in scopolamine-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results indicate that ‘Tadanishiki’ yuzu harvested in September should be extracted at 5% (w/v) yuzu with 80% EtOH, and this extract might be useful for application as a natural functional additive
Selected invasive pests in fruiticulture – overview of the current situation and ongoing research projects on spotted wing drosophila and stink bugs
Get PDFGebietsfremde invasive Schadinsekten haben im Obstbau im vergangenen Jahrzehnt große wirtschaftliche Schäden verursacht und den kommerziellen Obstanbau vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Die Gründe für die Ausbreitung dieser Insekten sind vielfältig. Regulierungsmaßnahmen zur Eindämmung dieser Neozoen benötigen Erfahrungen in verschiedenen Kulturpflanzen und umfangreiche Kenntnisse zum Verhalten der invasiven Arten. Für die Kirschessigfliege gibt es bereits erste wirksame Regulierungsstrategien, sowie eine Dekade an Erfahrung und somit umfangreiches Wissen zur Biologie, Ökologie und Genetik dieses Schadinsekts, welches für die Weiterentwicklung von Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen unabdingbar ist. Invasive Schadwanzen werden derzeit an verschiedenen Standorten intensiv untersucht. Potenziell wirksame, alternative Methoden zur Regulierung werden aktuell in Forschungsprojekten erarbeitet.Foreign invasive species have caused considerable economic damage in fruiticulture during the past decade. Consequently, commercial fruit production is facing major, new challenges. Reasons for the spread of those pest insects are manifold. Appropriate control measures for the containment of invasive species depend on several years of experience with diverse fruit cultures and in-depth-knowledge of the insects´ behaviour. For Spotted Wing Drosophila, first efficient mechanisms for the control of fruit infestation were identified and are in use. Moreover, broad knowledge of biology, ecology, and genetics of this species is available and can be applied for the development of further control strategies. Research on invasive stink bugs is currently undertaken at different locations. Effective means for their population regulation are developed in those research projects
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 and grapevine \u27Pinot gris\u27 virus are present in seedlings developed from seeds of infected grapevine plants
Get PDFNearly 80 different viruses belonging to different genera and families have been identified in grapevines, but their seed transmissibility remains largely unclear. Thus, the specific objective of this work is to monitor the presence of viruses in seedlings grown from seeds of virus-infected grapevine plants. Using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we showed the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2), GLRaV-3, grapevine \u27Pinot gris\u27 virus (GPGV), grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine virus A (GVA), and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in all tested parts including mature cane, leaf, petiole, young shoot, flower, berry skin, and seed of infected grapevine \u27Moldova\u27 plants. Furthermore, GLRaV-2 and GPGV were found in all tested seedlings developed from seeds of \u27Moldova\u27 plants, while the other four viruses were not detected. Our results provide the first evidence that GLRaV-2 and GPGV can be transmitted to progeny seedlings from seeds of infected grapevine plants
The effect of homozygosity of locus Rpv12 on downy mildew resistance of grapevine leaves
Get PDFInoculation trials with different pathogenic fungi and oomycetes have not yet shown any significant effect of homozygosity in resistance loci on the level of resistance. However, here a considerable reduction in mycelial growth of the oomycete P. viticola was found in association with the homozygous state of the Rpv12 locus. This effect was detected by aniline blue staining of the mycelium after experimental inoculation of leaf tissue and quantified by image analysis. Genotypes homozygous for the Rpv12-locus as classified by SSR marker data, inhibited mycelial growth considerably more in comparison to genotypes carrying the locus Rpv12 in heterozygous state
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gentiana triflora and comparative analysis with its congeneric species
Get PDFGentiana triflora is an important medicinal plant in China with economic and medicinal value. Here, we report the complete chloroplastsequences of G. trifloral. The cp genome of G. triflora of 149, 125 bp contains 130 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding genes,8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The analysis of repeat showed that palindromic had the highest frequency. Besides, a total numberof 45 SSR were identified, most of which were mononucleotide adenine-thymine. Comparative genome analysis of Gentiana speciesrevealed that the pair of the inverted repeat was more conserved than the single-copy region. This analysis resulted in identification of 8 hypervariable regions (trnH-GUG, trnG-UCC-intron, atpI, trnD-GUC, trnL-UAA, rpl32-trnL-UAG, petA and ycf1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. triflora was most closely related to Gentiana manshurica. In conclusion, this study enriched the genomic resources of the Gentiana genus and provided a basis for evolution and phylogeny analyses
Influence of urban gardening conditions on the concentration of antioxidant secondary plant metabolites in kale
Get PDFDuring the COVID-19 pandemic urban gardening became popular across the globe. Leafy vegetables supplement the daily diet and contribute to consumers health. Within the last decade kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.) gained popularity in urban gardening. However, shading due to unfavourable cardinal directions may reduce plant growth and accumulation of health-promoting secondary plant metabolites such as polyphenols, carotenoids andglucosinolates in kale. We compared authentic urban gardening conditions for kale grown in all four cardinal directions of a residential building. The overall concentration of carotenoids did benefit from sun exposed growing locations, including indoor cultivation behind UV light filtering glass windows, while concentrations of nutritionally important lutein did not differ among the locations and their altered growth conditions regarding abiotic stressors such as sun exposure, temperature, and water consumption. Total concentration of phenolics profited the most from direct sunlight but is severely reduced behind glass windows. Overall, satisfying growth rates of kale were achieved under all applied conditions, encouraging outdoor urban gardening with kale plants even in shaded locations
Response surface optimization of gamma radiation-induced variation in functional quality of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome flour at various particle sizes
Get PDFThe cumulative effect of particle size (PS), gamma radiation dose (GRD), and suspension period (SP) on the functional quality of N. nucifera rhizome flour was optimized. A tri-factorial central composite design was constructed at five levels of each of PS, GRD, and SP. The N. nucifera rhizome flour at the selected particle sizes (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μm) was subjected to gamma irradiation at the selected levels of GRD (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kGy) followed by the analysis of its functional properties at different levels of SP (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h). The response-surface analysis showed a statistically significant linear positive effect of PS on the water absorption capacity (WAC) and swelling capacity (SC) and a linear negative effect on protein solubility index (PSI) ( p=0.000-0.028). The GRD showed a significant linear positive effect on oil absorption capacity (OAC) and PSI while a linear negative effect on WAC and SC (p=0.000-0.008). The PS and GRD showed significant quadratic negative effects on WAC, OAC, and SC. However, the SP showed no significant linear effect on the studied functional properties of the flou