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Charakterisierung der Wechselwirkungen von Roggeninhaltsstoffen im Hinblick auf das sogenannte Trockenbacken von Roggenbrot
Get PDFEinfluss von Genotyp und Umwelt auf das Metaboliten-Profil der Speisezwiebel (Allium cepa L.)
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The CEMA decal - promotion of the inspection of brand new sprayers
Get PDFThe placing of pesticide application equipment (PAE) on the market incompliance with the European legislation and the in-use inspection are both covered by this CEMA initiative. The declaration of conformity is part of the sprayer operator handbook and demands a risk assessment of the manufacturer. On top of this some customers, dealers and importers want to be double sure that the new sprayer will pass the first inspection for sprayers in use and that the sprayer is accompanied. In combination with a national test report and the CEMA decal a further proof of compliance is given, but it has to be stated that this is not a legal requirement. The leading European sprayer manufactures represented in CEMA have started to harmonise such optional individual sprayer proof of compliance by means of mutual recognition of national test reports and the belonging decal. To use the CEMA decal the sprayer manufacturer needs to be an authorised test centre, while the suitable test protocol could be adapted to a certain demand. An important precondition for the authorisation is a verification and agreement of the manufacturer’s test protocol by the authorisation body of a Member State. The presentation will promote the use of this preliminary inspection. A report will be given, to show the status after the launch on the Agritechnica 2017. The CEMA decal supports the approach of the manufacturers to bring new PAE to a higher safety and quality level. A positive effect is also that the training and the certification of the test staff is easier, as only one national certificate is demanded. The CEMA decal will supports the mutual recognition between the authorisation bodies.The placing of pesticide application equipment (PAE) on the market incompliance with the European legislation and the in-use inspection are both covered by this CEMA initiative. The declaration of conformity is part of the sprayer operator handbook and demands a risk assessment of the manufacturer. On top of this some customers, dealers and importers want to be double sure that the new sprayer will pass the first inspection for sprayers in use and that the sprayer is accompanied. In combination with a national test report and the CEMA decal a further proof of compliance is given, but it has to be stated that this is not a legal requirement. The leading European sprayer manufactures represented in CEMA have started to harmonise such optional individual sprayer proof of compliance by means of mutual recognition of national test reports and the belonging decal. To use the CEMA decal the sprayer manufacturer needs to be an authorised test centre, while the suitable test protocol could be adapted to a certain demand. An important precondition for the authorisation is a verification and agreement of the manufacturer’s test protocol by the authorisation body of a Member State. The presentation will promote the use of this preliminary inspection. A report will be given, to show the status after the launch on the Agritechnica 2017. The CEMA decal supports the approach of the manufacturers to bring new PAE to a higher safety and quality level. A positive effect is also that the training and the certification of the test staff is easier, as only one national certificate is demanded. The CEMA decal will supports the mutual recognition between the authorisation bodies
Advise for risk assessment concerning the inspection of pesticide application equipment in use according to article 8 (3) of Directive 2009/128/EC
Get PDFResearch of an appropriate inert compound to use as an alternative to the granules of the plant protection products in the inspections of microgranulators
Get PDFThe goal of this experimentation was to find an appropriate inert and hydrophobic compound with physical-dimensional properties as close as possible to those of the granules of the plant protection products (particle size: 0,3-1,2 mm and density: 0,6-1,4 g/cm3) in order to allow the micro granulator periodical inspection following the incoming SPISE Advice related to this aspect. In addition, the inert should be also commercially available guarantee for a long time and not abrasive. During the test, four inert materials were analysed: corn flour, rubber granules, glass microspheres, and plastic granules. Tests were performed in the laboratory using a specific device in order to drive the micro granulators. For each regulation, it was measured the amount of outlet every two rotations of the metering unit drive shaft, up to a maximum of 10 rotations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10). Moreover, It has been detected also the time every two rotation. Tests have highlighted a good repeatability with all tested materials independently of the number of rotations or the rotation time of the metering unit drive shaft (CV max = 6% for corn flour, glass microspheres and plastic granules; CV max = 5% for rubber granules). In addition, a good linearity in relation with metering unit regulation, independently of the materials and the number of rotations, was pointed out. Considering that the rubber granules are hydrophobic (they are not Influenced by relative humidity of the air or by water) and show a low cost (about 2-3,00 €/kg), this material seems the more suitable inert compound , between those tested to be use in the periodical mandatory inspections of micro granulators.The goal of this experimentation was to find an appropriate inert and hydrophobic compound with physical-dimensional properties as close as possible to those of the granules of the plant protection products (particle size: 0,3-1,2 mm and density: 0,6-1,4 g/cm3) in order to allow the micro granulator periodical inspection following the incoming SPISE Advice related to this aspect. In addition, the inert should be also commercially available guarantee for a long time and not abrasive. During the test, four inert materials were analysed: corn flour, rubber granules, glass microspheres, and plastic granules. Tests were performed in the laboratory using a specific device in order to drive the micro granulators. For each regulation, it was measured the amount of outlet every two rotations of the metering unit drive shaft, up to a maximum of 10 rotations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10). Moreover, It has been detected also the time every two rotation. Tests have highlighted a good repeatability with all tested materials independently of the number of rotations or the rotation time of the metering unit drive shaft (CV max = 6% for corn flour, glass microspheres and plastic granules; CV max = 5% for rubber granules). In addition, a good linearity in relation with metering unit regulation, independently of the materials and the number of rotations, was pointed out. Considering that the rubber granules are hydrophobic (they are not Influenced by relative humidity of the air or by water) and show a low cost (about 2-3,00 €/kg), this material seems the more suitable inert compound , between those tested to be use in the periodical mandatory inspections of micro granulators
Advice for the functional inspection of plot sprayers with compression tanks
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Effect of air distribution and spray liquid distribution of a cross-flow fan orchard sprayer on spray deposition in fruit trees
Get PDFIn a 4-year ongoing research programme in the Netherlands, we focus to maximise spray deposition in pome fruit trees and minimise spray deposition underneath the trees on the ground and minimise spray drift. For a cross-flow fan orchard sprayer we therefore measured spray deposition in the tree as an effect of different air settings and nozzle types. Nozzle types chosen were the Albuz ATR lilac (as a reference) and the Albuz TVI8001, both sprayed at 7 bar spray pressure. The orchard sprayer was a Munckhof cross-flow fan sprayer with a 2.75 m high cross-flow construction on top of the axial fan, equipped with 8 nozzles on both sides. At a forward speed of 6.5 km/h the spray volume was 200 L/ha and 290 L/ha, for respectively the Albuz lilac and Albuz TVI8001 nozzles. Air settings were: High air setting - 540 rpm PTO; and Low air setting - 540 rpm, 400 rpm, and 300 rpm PTO. Liquid distributions were measured with an AAMS-Salvarani Vertical patternator with discs, and air distribution was measured with a self-constructed measuring device equipped with ultrasonic anemometers and a handheld vane-anemometer. Liquid distribution in the apple trees (cv. Elstar) was measured in the full leaf growing stage (following ISO 22522). First results show a good correlation between air distribution and liquid distribution. Vertical liquid distribution measured on the liquid measuring device correlates also very good with the liquid distribution at different heights in the tree. However, air distribution and especially air speed of the orchard sprayer showed that decreasing air assistance increased the spray deposition in the fruit trees. Showing that air assistance is an important parameter to be taken up in the advice to fruit growers.In a 4-year ongoing research programme in the Netherlands, we focus to maximise spray deposition in pome fruit trees and minimise spray deposition underneath the trees on the ground and minimise spray drift. For a cross-flow fan orchard sprayer we therefore measured spray deposition in the tree as an effect of different air settings and nozzle types. Nozzle types chosen were the Albuz ATR lilac (as a reference) and the Albuz TVI8001, both sprayed at 7 bar spray pressure. The orchard sprayer was a Munckhof cross-flow fan sprayer with a 2.75 m high cross-flow construction on top of the axial fan, equipped with 8 nozzles on both sides. At a forward speed of 6.5 km/h the spray volume was 200 L/ha and 290 L/ha, for respectively the Albuz lilac and Albuz TVI8001 nozzles. Air settings were: High air setting - 540 rpm PTO; and Low air setting - 540 rpm, 400 rpm, and 300 rpm PTO. Liquid distributions were measured with an AAMS-Salvarani Vertical patternator with discs, and air distribution was measured with a self-constructed measuring device equipped with ultrasonic anemometers and a handheld vane-anemometer. Liquid distribution in the apple trees (cv. Elstar) was measured in the full leaf growing stage (following ISO 22522). First results show a good correlation between air distribution and liquid distribution. Vertical liquid distribution measured on the liquid measuring device correlates also very good with the liquid distribution at different heights in the tree. However, air distribution and especially air speed of the orchard sprayer showed that decreasing air assistance increased the spray deposition in the fruit trees. Showing that air assistance is an important parameter to be taken up in the advice to fruit growers
