7850 research outputs found
Sort by
(Z, E)-9, 12-Tetradecadienyl Acetate (ZETA) disrupts mating of Ephestia cautella: Presentation
No full textThe tropical warehouse moth Ephestia cautella is a major pest of stored products in Sri Lanka, and difficult to control using currently-available insecticides. The sex pheromone (Z, E)-9, 12- tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) emitted by the females attracts males of this species. Hence it can potentially be used in the management programs but the limited information on pheromone concentration and air movement impede the potential use of this pheromone in pest management programs. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of ZETA concentration and air movement on the mating disruption of E. cautella. The male and female moths of E. cautella were introduced into a cubicle in which ZETA was placed at different concentrations. Later, the female moths were dissected to determine the presence/absence of spermatophore. All the pheromone concentrations tested recorded lower mating percentages than the hexane control. Mating disruption varied with the pheromone concentration and the availability of air flow. This study reveals that ZETA can be used to disrupt mating in E. cautella.The tropical warehouse moth Ephestia cautella is a major pest of stored products in Sri Lanka, and difficult to control using currently-available insecticides. The sex pheromone (Z, E)-9, 12- tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) emitted by the females attracts males of this species. Hence it can potentially be used in the management programs but the limited information on pheromone concentration and air movement impede the potential use of this pheromone in pest management programs. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of ZETA concentration and air movement on the mating disruption of E. cautella. The male and female moths of E. cautella were introduced into a cubicle in which ZETA was placed at different concentrations. Later, the female moths were dissected to determine the presence/absence of spermatophore. All the pheromone concentrations tested recorded lower mating percentages than the hexane control. Mating disruption varied with the pheromone concentration and the availability of air flow. This study reveals that ZETA can be used to disrupt mating in E. cautella
From stored-product psocids to the other pests: the developments, problems and prospects on research and application of molecular identification: Presentation
Get PDFPsocids, beetles, moths and mites are regarded as the common kinds of stored-product pests in the world. The rapid and correct identification of stored-product pests is significant for quarantine, monitoring and control purposes. Molecular methods and techniques have been studied and applied for stored-product pest identification. Based on collection and analysis of literature in the last decade, this paper reviews the developments, questions and prospects for molecular identification of stored-product pests. As a representative model, the molecular methods and techniques for species identification of stored-product psocid pests were developed and applied systematically based on international collaboration involving China, Czech Republic, the United States and other countries. More than 10 studies on stored-product psocids related to RFLP, DNA barcoding, PCR, real-time PCR and gene chip have been published during this decade. Subsequently, DNA barcoding, PCR and real-time PCR techniques for the identification of common species of Tribolium and Cryptolestes pests of stored products have been reported by the same international team. Recently, a web system called Grain Pests DNA Barcode Identification System (GPDBIS) has been established in China using SOL SERVER and C#. Like a marathon that requires persistence, we should do our best to continue to promote research and application of molecular identification of stored-product pests with more international collaboration.Psocids, beetles, moths and mites are regarded as the common kinds of stored-product pests in the world. The rapid and correct identification of stored-product pests is significant for quarantine, monitoring and control purposes. Molecular methods and techniques have been studied and applied for stored-product pest identification. Based on collection and analysis of literature in the last decade, this paper reviews the developments, questions and prospects for molecular identification of stored-product pests. As a representative model, the molecular methods and techniques for species identification of stored-product psocid pests were developed and applied systematically based on international collaboration involving China, Czech Republic, the United States and other countries. More than 10 studies on stored-product psocids related to RFLP, DNA barcoding, PCR, real-time PCR and gene chip have been published during this decade. Subsequently, DNA barcoding, PCR and real-time PCR techniques for the identification of common species of Tribolium and Cryptolestes pests of stored products have been reported by the same international team. Recently, a web system called Grain Pests DNA Barcode Identification System (GPDBIS) has been established in China using SOL SERVER and C#. Like a marathon that requires persistence, we should do our best to continue to promote research and application of molecular identification of stored-product pests with more international collaboration
Can the DI-SPME gas chromatography mass spectrometer be a tool for identification of stored grain insects - fatty acids and sterols profiling: Poster
Get PDFPHID-Coleo - a database identification tool for wood-boring beetles in plant health interceptions: Poster
Get PDFRecent examples for the introduction of wood-breeding beetles in Europe include the asian longhorn beetles Anoplophora spp. and Aromia bungii (red-necked longhorn beetle). These and other woodboring beetle species pose a high risk of economic damage to trees and wood products. Smaller beetles like the powderpost beetles from the families Bostrichidae and Lyctidae also have the potential for causing considerable damage. These are often not identified adequately during inspections of wood packaging materials, making it impossible to assess their risk for becoming invasive. This project will aim at closing that gap. Our project PHID-Coleo (= Plant Health Identification of Coleoptera) has the objective to develop new diagnostic tools for the identification of potentially invasive and economically important beetles that can be found in wood packaging materials. The identification methods include classical identification keys based on morphological characters as well as molecular methods based on DNA analysis by PCR (barcoding). The methods for species identification will be supplemented by molecular analyses of introduced populations to clarify within species variations. Such methods will make it possible to determine the taxonomic relationship of samples from different areas and to draw conclusions about the introduction pathways, resulting in more efficient monitoring of the invasive species and preventing their spread. PHID-Coleo will build a freely accessible database of relevant species which are potentially invasive.Recent examples for the introduction of wood-breeding beetles in Europe include the asian longhorn beetles Anoplophora spp. and Aromia bungii (red-necked longhorn beetle). These and other woodboring beetle species pose a high risk of economic damage to trees and wood products. Smaller beetles like the powderpost beetles from the families Bostrichidae and Lyctidae also have the potential for causing considerable damage. These are often not identified adequately during inspections of wood packaging materials, making it impossible to assess their risk for becoming invasive. This project will aim at closing that gap. Our project PHID-Coleo (= Plant Health Identification of Coleoptera) has the objective to develop new diagnostic tools for the identification of potentially invasive and economically important beetles that can be found in wood packaging materials. The identification methods include classical identification keys based on morphological characters as well as molecular methods based on DNA analysis by PCR (barcoding). The methods for species identification will be supplemented by molecular analyses of introduced populations to clarify within species variations. Such methods will make it possible to determine the taxonomic relationship of samples from different areas and to draw conclusions about the introduction pathways, resulting in more efficient monitoring of the invasive species and preventing their spread. PHID-Coleo will build a freely accessible database of relevant species which are potentially invasive
Lessons learned for phosphine distribution and efficacy by using wireless phosphine sensors: Presentation
No full textIncrease of paddy moisture with automatic aeration in a warehouse guided by adsorption equilibrium absolute humidity equation: Poster
Get PDFAn automatic bulk monitoring and aeration controller was programmed with an adsorption equilibrium absolute humidity (CAE)equation and was used to aerate paddy with the aim to increase moisture content (MC) and preventing fissuring. The ventilation control window for rewetting paddy was developed according to two conditions: (i) the average grain bulk temperature (t<sub>g</sub>) is higher than the dewpoint temperature (DPT<sub>a</sub>) of the atmosphere; and (ii) the equilibrium absolute humidity (EAH<sub>g</sub>) of grain moisture content plus 1 percentage point is lower than the absolute humidity (AH<sub>a</sub>) of the atmosphere. The ventilators were turned on when the atmosphere state point was within the ventilation windowand turned off outside that window. In a humid subtropical monsoon climate, during Oct. 8<sup>th</sup> to Nov. 1<sup>st</sup>, 2013, the system was used for a paddy depot of 1035 t in Dianjiang, Chongqing province. The natural humid air was introduced into the paddy bulk by negative pressure suction aeration during the 10-12 h night time period and allowed to equilibrate with grain kernels during the 12-14 h day time period. Aeration increased grain MC by 0.6 percentage points with two 1.5 kW axial flow ventilators and power consumption of 209 kW·h. The unit energy consumption was 0.336 KW·h (1% moisture·t)<sup>-1</sup>. The broken milled rice percentage was decreased by 2-3 percentage points. In the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, during April 13<sup>th</sup> to June 16<sup>th</sup>, 2017, the system was used to rewet japonic paddy in a 2489 t depot in Qihe, Shandong province. The conditions for running two 0.85 kW axial flow fans were: (i) when the atmosphere relative humidity (RH<sub>a</sub>) is =80% and its temperature (t<sub>a</sub>) is <28°C, t<sub>g</sub>>DPT<sub>a</sub>, and EAH<sub>g</sub><AH<sub>a</sub>; and (ii) when RH<sub>a</sub> >80% and t<sub>a</sub> <28°C. Whenever t<sub>a</sub> was >28°C, the two fans were switched off. This rewetting aeration increased grain MC from 13.5% to 14.0%, and the unit energy consumption was 0.455 kW·h (1% moisture·t)<sup>-1</sup>. The percentages of average head rice yield and damaged grains after aeration were 71.7% and 7.7%, respectively.An automatic bulk monitoring and aeration controller was programmed with an adsorption equilibrium absolute humidity (CAE)equation and was used to aerate paddy with the aim to increase moisture content (MC) and preventing fissuring. The ventilation control window for rewetting paddy was developed according to two conditions: (i) the average grain bulk temperature (t<sub>g</sub>) is higher than the dewpoint temperature (DPT<sub>a</sub>) of the atmosphere; and (ii) the equilibrium absolute humidity (EAH<sub>g</sub>) of grain moisture content plus 1 percentage point is lower than the absolute humidity (AH<sub>a</sub>) of the atmosphere. The ventilators were turned on when the atmosphere state point was within the ventilation windowand turned off outside that window. In a humid subtropical monsoon climate, during Oct. 8<sup>th</sup> to Nov. 1<sup>st</sup>, 2013, the system was used for a paddy depot of 1035 t in Dianjiang, Chongqing province. The natural humid air was introduced into the paddy bulk by negative pressure suction aeration during the 10-12 h night time period and allowed to equilibrate with grain kernels during the 12-14 h day time period. Aeration increased grain MC by 0.6 percentage points with two 1.5 kW axial flow ventilators and power consumption of 209 kW·h. The unit energy consumption was 0.336 KW·h (1% moisture·t)<sup>-1</sup>. The broken milled rice percentage was decreased by 2-3 percentage points. In the warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate, during April 13<sup>th</sup> to June 16<sup>th</sup>, 2017, the system was used to rewet japonic paddy in a 2489 t depot in Qihe, Shandong province. The conditions for running two 0.85 kW axial flow fans were: (i) when the atmosphere relative humidity (RH<sub>a</sub>) is =80% and its temperature (t<sub>a</sub>) is <28°C, t<sub>g</sub>>DPT<sub>a</sub>, and EAH<sub>g</sub><AH<sub>a</sub>; and (ii) when RH<sub>a</sub> >80% and t<sub>a</sub> <28°C. Whenever t<sub>a</sub> was >28°C, the two fans were switched off. This rewetting aeration increased grain MC from 13.5% to 14.0%, and the unit energy consumption was 0.455 kW·h (1% moisture·t)<sup>-1</sup>. The percentages of average head rice yield and damaged grains after aeration were 71.7% and 7.7%, respectively
Study on rapid detection of degree of freshness of paddy rice in China: Poster
Get PDFThis paper describes research results and progress of rapid detection of the degree of freshness of paddy. We studied the changes of degree of freshness, fat acidity value and taste evaluated value of paddy under different storage conditions in the laboratory. The correlations between the degree of freshness, fat acidity value and taste evaluated value were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the degree of freshnessand fat acidity value. The correlation coefficient was -0.845. The degree of freshness was significantly positively correlated with the taste evaluated value, and most of the correlation coefficients were above 0.9. The nationwide investigation result of paddy’s degree of freshness showed that there was an obvious distinction in the degree of freshness between newly harvested rice and rice harvested in previous years. The degree of distinction of indica rice achieved 85%. Due to its special reasons, japonica rice had a lower degree of distinction, but it also reached 75%.This paper describes research results and progress of rapid detection of the degree of freshness of paddy. We studied the changes of degree of freshness, fat acidity value and taste evaluated value of paddy under different storage conditions in the laboratory. The correlations between the degree of freshness, fat acidity value and taste evaluated value were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the degree of freshnessand fat acidity value. The correlation coefficient was -0.845. The degree of freshness was significantly positively correlated with the taste evaluated value, and most of the correlation coefficients were above 0.9. The nationwide investigation result of paddy’s degree of freshness showed that there was an obvious distinction in the degree of freshness between newly harvested rice and rice harvested in previous years. The degree of distinction of indica rice achieved 85%. Due to its special reasons, japonica rice had a lower degree of distinction, but it also reached 75%
Retrospect, insights and foresights: Biological control of Anobium puntcatum with Spathius exarator: Presentation
Get PDFBiological control using beneficial organisms is getting more and more important in Integrated Pest Management. An effective strategy in the fight against the most common timber pest species, the furniture beetle Anobium punctatum, is based on the parasitoid wasp species Spathius exarator. This braconid wasp parasitizes its host species by piercing its ovipositor directly through the wood surface followed by oviposition onto the beetle larva. After feeding on the larva and pupation, the adult wasp emerges through a tiny 0.5 mm wide wood hole, which can be clearly distinguished from the 2 mm wide hole of A. punctatum. This enables us to observe easily the treatment success as each new S. exarator exit hole is equivalent to one killed beetle larva. Between 2012 and 2017, the braconid wasps were introduced into about 80 A. punctatum infested buildings. At least twelve treatments over a period of up to three years were performed. On exactly defined areas, the newly emerged exit holes of A. punctatum and S. exarator were counted and the parasitisation rate was calculated. Here we present pooled data of 29 A. punctatum infested churches, successfully treated and monitored over a period of one to five years. Furthermore, as a representative sample, we show the results of one church over a period of six years. We demonstrate the biological control of the common furniture beetle with this braconid wasp as an efficient, sustainable alternative to conventional residual methods. However, after a period of up to three years intensive treatment, a continuous monitoring-program with necessary additional single treatments should follow.Biological control using beneficial organisms is getting more and more important in Integrated Pest Management. An effective strategy in the fight against the most common timber pest species, the furniture beetle Anobium punctatum, is based on the parasitoid wasp species Spathius exarator. This braconid wasp parasitizes its host species by piercing its ovipositor directly through the wood surface followed by oviposition onto the beetle larva. After feeding on the larva and pupation, the adult wasp emerges through a tiny 0.5 mm wide wood hole, which can be clearly distinguished from the 2 mm wide hole of A. punctatum. This enables us to observe easily the treatment success as each new S. exarator exit hole is equivalent to one killed beetle larva. Between 2012 and 2017, the braconid wasps were introduced into about 80 A. punctatum infested buildings. At least twelve treatments over a period of up to three years were performed. On exactly defined areas, the newly emerged exit holes of A. punctatum and S. exarator were counted and the parasitisation rate was calculated. Here we present pooled data of 29 A. punctatum infested churches, successfully treated and monitored over a period of one to five years. Furthermore, as a representative sample, we show the results of one church over a period of six years. We demonstrate the biological control of the common furniture beetle with this braconid wasp as an efficient, sustainable alternative to conventional residual methods. However, after a period of up to three years intensive treatment, a continuous monitoring-program with necessary additional single treatments should follow
Influence of low doses of gamma irradiation on cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Poster
Get PDFPhytosanitary irradiation for food commodities has been widely accepted in recent years. Gamma irradiation has been used as a phytosanitary treatment against microbial diseases, insect infestation and food spoilage. The goal of the current study was to determine the lowest possible dose of gamma irradiation that will induce longterm sterility of insects through generations. The effect of four gamma irradiation doses examined were; 20,40, 50 and 70 Gy. Irradiated males were crossed with normal females. For the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus(F.), adult fecundity, hatchability, adult emergence, sterility% was investigated. 100% adult mortality was achieved by 70 Gy dose. Fecundity, hatchability, number of adults emerged, sterility% were significantly reduced when males exposed to 20, 40, and 50 Gy compared to the control. The effect of parental irradiated males exposed to 20 Gy on F2 generation was also studied. Fecundity, hatchability, number of adult emerged, sterility% were significantly reduced in F2 compared to F1 and control progeny. Interestingly, for F1 generation, the effect of gamma rays on adult emergence% exhibit a hermetic effect response although it was not significant. These results demonstrat that pulse irradiation relying on low-doses of gamma radiation induce inherited semi-sterility through generations and is a very promising phytosanitary food technology for postharvest treatments.Phytosanitary irradiation for food commodities has been widely accepted in recent years. Gamma irradiation has been used as a phytosanitary treatment against microbial diseases, insect infestation and food spoilage. The goal of the current study was to determine the lowest possible dose of gamma irradiation that will induce longterm sterility of insects through generations. The effect of four gamma irradiation doses examined were; 20,40, 50 and 70 Gy. Irradiated males were crossed with normal females. For the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus(F.), adult fecundity, hatchability, adult emergence, sterility% was investigated. 100% adult mortality was achieved by 70 Gy dose. Fecundity, hatchability, number of adults emerged, sterility% were significantly reduced when males exposed to 20, 40, and 50 Gy compared to the control. The effect of parental irradiated males exposed to 20 Gy on F2 generation was also studied. Fecundity, hatchability, number of adult emerged, sterility% were significantly reduced in F2 compared to F1 and control progeny. Interestingly, for F1 generation, the effect of gamma rays on adult emergence% exhibit a hermetic effect response although it was not significant. These results demonstrat that pulse irradiation relying on low-doses of gamma radiation induce inherited semi-sterility through generations and is a very promising phytosanitary food technology for postharvest treatments