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Hermetic storage - an ecofriendly safe storage method for long term storage of black gram: Poster
Get PDFIndia is the primary origin of the black gram that is majorly cultivated in the southern part of Asian countries. About 70% of world black gram production comes from India. Black gram is more prone to insect infestation and microorganisms resulting in deterioration of grain quality. These losses can be controlled by following appropriate storage method at farmer’s level. Eco-friendly, safe storage methods are demanded by the customers due to food safety, quality and environmental issues. Hermetic storage is a safe storage method, suitable for long term storage without usage of chemical pesticides. It creates an air tight environment to rapidly exterminate insect development and suppresses micro floral activity. A study was conducted to identify the suitable, cost effective storage method for safe storage of black gram at the farm level. Hermetic bags were made by using different combinations of gunny, polypropylene & storezo bags for the safe storage of black gram. The properties of packaging materials viz., thickness, and water vapour transmission rate significantly affected the quality parameters of the black gram stored in various bags. Moisture content, thousand grain mass, bulk density, insect emergence, and germination percentage of black gram stored in various bags were studied over a storage period of 12 months. Black gram stored in polypropylene and gunny bags was infested with pulse beetle by the third month of the storage period. But black gram stored in bags with hermetic bag as inner layer was not infested up to 12 months and could retain the grain quality.India is the primary origin of the black gram that is majorly cultivated in the southern part of Asian countries. About 70% of world black gram production comes from India. Black gram is more prone to insect infestation and microorganisms resulting in deterioration of grain quality. These losses can be controlled by following appropriate storage method at farmer’s level. Eco-friendly, safe storage methods are demanded by the customers due to food safety, quality and environmental issues. Hermetic storage is a safe storage method, suitable for long term storage without usage of chemical pesticides. It creates an air tight environment to rapidly exterminate insect development and suppresses micro floral activity. A study was conducted to identify the suitable, cost effective storage method for safe storage of black gram at the farm level. Hermetic bags were made by using different combinations of gunny, polypropylene & storezo bags for the safe storage of black gram. The properties of packaging materials viz., thickness, and water vapour transmission rate significantly affected the quality parameters of the black gram stored in various bags. Moisture content, thousand grain mass, bulk density, insect emergence, and germination percentage of black gram stored in various bags were studied over a storage period of 12 months. Black gram stored in polypropylene and gunny bags was infested with pulse beetle by the third month of the storage period. But black gram stored in bags with hermetic bag as inner layer was not infested up to 12 months and could retain the grain quality
On-farm maize insect pest and mycotoxin levels in Ghana: Presentation
No full textMaize post-harvest losses are perennial in Ghana but reliable comparative information on on-farm losses of maize produced in the Middle and Northern Belts of Ghana is lacking. Two studies were conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 to identify factors contributing to on-farm losses of maize in these two Belts. In the Northern Belt, the study was conducted in six communities including Adubiyili, Diari, Pong-Tamale, Savelugu, Toroyili and Zamnayili; and in the Middle Belt, in Ejura, Sekyedumase and Amantin communities. Moisture content, percent weight loss, percent insect damaged kernels (IDK) on numerical basis (%IDKnb) and percent IDK by weight basis (%IDKwb), insect pest abundance, and mycotoxin levels were estimated. Moisture content values of maize at pre-harvest and heaping stages in all nine communities were below 15%. Sitophilus zeamais, Sitotroga cerealella, Cathartus quadricollis, and Carpophilus dimidiatus were found to attack maize onfarm in communities in the Middle Belt, but no adult insect pests were collected on pre-harvested maize in the Northern Belt. The %IDKnb values on-farm in all nine communities were < 2% per 250 g. Mean aflatoxin levels below 15 ppb were obtained from pre-harvested maize in both regions but levels above 15 ppb were obtained from heaped maize on-farm. Fumonisin levels of maize were below 4 ppm on pre-harvested and in heaped maize in both regions. Results show that heaping maize on-farm increases aflatoxin levels beyond the acceptable threshold level and should not be practiced.Maize post-harvest losses are perennial in Ghana but reliable comparative information on on-farm losses of maize produced in the Middle and Northern Belts of Ghana is lacking. Two studies were conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 to identify factors contributing to on-farm losses of maize in these two Belts. In the Northern Belt, the study was conducted in six communities including Adubiyili, Diari, Pong-Tamale, Savelugu, Toroyili and Zamnayili; and in the Middle Belt, in Ejura, Sekyedumase and Amantin communities. Moisture content, percent weight loss, percent insect damaged kernels (IDK) on numerical basis (%IDKnb) and percent IDK by weight basis (%IDKwb), insect pest abundance, and mycotoxin levels were estimated. Moisture content values of maize at pre-harvest and heaping stages in all nine communities were below 15%. Sitophilus zeamais, Sitotroga cerealella, Cathartus quadricollis, and Carpophilus dimidiatus were found to attack maize onfarm in communities in the Middle Belt, but no adult insect pests were collected on pre-harvested maize in the Northern Belt. The %IDKnb values on-farm in all nine communities were < 2% per 250 g. Mean aflatoxin levels below 15 ppb were obtained from pre-harvested maize in both regions but levels above 15 ppb were obtained from heaped maize on-farm. Fumonisin levels of maize were below 4 ppm on pre-harvested and in heaped maize in both regions. Results show that heaping maize on-farm increases aflatoxin levels beyond the acceptable threshold level and should not be practiced
IPM guidelines as fundament for sustainability in plant protection: The case for stored product protection: Poster
Get PDFIdentification and characterisation of bioactive compounds in thyme
Get PDFBei Thymian (Thymus vulgaris) handelt es sich um eine sehr varietätenreiche Art, die aufgrund ihres Gehaltes an therapeutisch wirksamen Inhaltsstoffen als Arzneipflanze monographiert ist. Insbesondere das ätherische Öl mit dem Hauptbestandteil Thymol (ca. 50%) hat eine hohe antioxidative Wirkung. Ziel ist es, dieses Potential als nachhaltig produzierte Additive zu nutzen. Hierfür eignen sich antioxidativ bzw. antimikrobiell wirksame sowie UV-absorbierende Substanzen, die das Produkt bei Zusatz vor oxidativem Stress, mikrobiellem Abbau und Qualitätsverlust schützen. Hierzu werden zunächst sechs Varianten auf verschiedene Parameter analysiert, um die potenteste Variante auszuwählen. Auf diese Variante wird sich die weitere Forschung konzentrieren. Daher wird das ätherische Öl durch azeotrope Destillation extrahiert und mittels GCMS analysiert. In Extrakten werden zudem das AP und Absorptionsverhalten bestimmt. Auch die chemische Zusammensetzung des Extrakts sowie die flüchtigen Stoffe des Thymians werden untersucht. Generell gibt es wenig qualitative, teilweise jedoch quantitative Unterschiede: Eine Variante weist u.a. einen deutlich höheren Thymolgehalt im Öl (ca. 65 %) und ein hohes hydrophiles AP auf. Somit ist eine vielversprechende Variante für die weitere Entwicklung und Optimierung bioaktiver Additive gefunden.Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a very diverse species that is known and used as a medical plant due to its high amount of therapeutic compounds. Its essential oil contains substances with antioxidative properties as thymol (about 50%). The objective is to take advantage of that potential by incorporating sustainably produced additives based on thyme e.g. in food packaging. Compounds with antioxidative, antimicrobial and UV absorbing effects are of special interest as those substances protect the product from oxidative stress, microbial degradation and loss of quality. Therefore, six variants of thyme are analysed with regard to different parameters to choose a superior variant to conduct further research on. The essential oil is extracted by steam distillation and analysed via GC-MS. Additionally, solvent extracts are analysed with regard to total antioxidant capacity (TAC), UV absorption and chemical composition. The volatile compounds are determined as well. In general, there are little differences in quality but in quantity as one variant’s oil contains a considerably higher amount of thymol (about 65 %); the same variant‘s methanol extract proves to have a high TAC. Thus, a promising variant for further development and optimisation of biobased, bioactive additives is identified in this study
Polyphenol-Variability of Cypriot s creticus L.
No full text30 Populationen (235 Einzelpflanzen) von zypriotischem Cistus creticus L. wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Polyphenol- Variabilität analysiert. Zu den wichtigsten identifizierten Verbindungen zählten Punicalagin und Punicalagingallat sowie verschiedene Glykoside von Myricetin (mit der Hauptverbindung Myricetin-3-ORhamnosid) und Quercetin (mit der Hauptverbindung Quercetin-3-O-Rhamnosid). Die Variabilität, sowohl zwischen als auch innerhalb der Populationen war erwartungsgemäß hoch. Die Summe des Gehaltes an Punicalagin und Punicalagingallat variierte zwischen 6,3 und 159,9 mg/g Trockenmasse. Der Gehalt an Myricetin Glykosiden lag zwischen 8,8 und 33,5 mg/g TM, bei den Quercetin Glykosiden lagen die summierten Werte zwischen 1,1 und 12,1 mg/g TM. Bezüglich der Myricetin und Quercetin Glykoside ließ sich ein leichter geografischer Gradient feststellen – mit vergleichsweise geringeren Gehalten in den nord-westlichen Populationen und höheren Werten in den eher östlich gelegenen Populationen des Sammelgebietes.30 populations (235 individual plants) of Cypriot Cistus creticus L. were analysed to learn more about intraspecific polyphenol variability. The most important compounds were punicalagin and punicalagin gallate as well as myricetin glycosides (with myricetin-3-O-rhamnosid as main myricetin glycoside) and quercetin glycosides (with quercetin-3-O-rhamnosid as main quercetin glycoside). The variability observed was high between as well as within populations. The content of punicalagin and punicalagin gallate ranged between 6.3 and 159.9 mg/g dry mass. The content of the most important myricetin glycosides ranged between 8.8 and 33.5 mg/g dry mass and that of the quercetin glycosides was between 1.1 and 12.1 mg/g dry mass. Concerning myricetin and quercetin glycosides a geographical gradient was obvious, with slightly lesser contents of these compounds in the north-western populations and slightly higher amounts in more eastern populations of the sampled area
Commercial wild collection of medicinal plants – the situation in Poland
Get PDFIn Europa ist Polen der zweit größte Exporteur von Arzneipflanzen. 25% des Pflanzenmaterials wird durch Wildsammlungen am natürlichen Standort bezogen. Dabei handelt es sich um fast 140 wildgesammelte Arten - zweimal mehr Arten als aus dem Anbau stammen. Generell ist das Potential zur nachhaltigen Sammlung von Pflanzenmaterial an ihren natürlichen Standorten noch weitaus größer. Viele der Arten sind sehr begehrt auf dem europäischen Arzneipflanzenmarkt und nur schwer zu kultivieren, wie die typischen Marschlandarten Menyanthes trifoliata und Acorus calamus. Die meisten Wildsammlungen finden im Nord-Osten Polens statt, in einer Region in der sich extensiv bewirtschaftete Grünländer konzentrieren. In einigen Fällen ist die Wildsammlung die Haupteinnahmequelle der lokalen Bevölkerung oder ein zusätzliches Einkommen für die ansässigen Bauern. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass Monitoring und Dokumentation der Wildsammlungspraxis auf Waldarten und geschützte Arten reduziert ist. Eine bessere Beurteilung der Orte, Mengen und Wildsammelmethoden ist aus ökonomischer, sozialer und ökologischer Sicht relevant.Poland is the second biggest exporter of medicinal plant material in Europe. What is important 25% of it is collected in nature. Twice more species (nearly 140) are coming from wild collection then from cultivation. Among them are highly desired on the European phytopharmaceutical market but hardly cultivated species like typical for fen meadows Menyanthes trifoliata or Acorus calamus. Generally, the potential of collection plant material from habitats and ecosystems, kept in well conditions, is even bigger. The great amount of collection is realized in North-Eastern Poland, region with the significant concentration of extensively used grasslands. Sometimes the activity is the main occupation for local people or additional, important source of income for farmers. The study shows that monitoring and documentation of the wild collection practice is limited for example to forest or protected species. Better assessment of place, volumes and way of collection could profit from economic, social as well as environmental side
