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Foliar Magnesium supply increases the abundance of RuBisCO of Mg-deficient maize plants
Get PDFMagnesium is a vital macronutrient for plants and is involved in a series of essential physiological processes, e.g., carbohydrate partitioning and photosynthesis. The latter is strictly Mg-dependent, as Mg is the central atom of chlorophyll, and is also required for the de novo synthesis of sugars; this pathway revolves around the activity of the enzyme RuBisCO. When plants are subject to Mg limiting conditions, development as well as yield is reduced. The foliar resupply of Mg, contrary to traditional resupply to the roots, has the advantage of delivering the element directly to the site of highest physiological demand. Thus, the aim of this research is to compare the effects of both resupply methods on the physiology and nutritional status of Mg-deficient plants to see whether foliar application compared to root fertilization can properly improve plant growth after Mg deficiency conditions.Maize plants were cultivated in hydroponics in order to set up a Mg deficient root environment. MgSO4 was then resupplied alternatively to the leaves or to the root. Under Mg-limiting conditions, RuBisCO abundance, as well as the total content of Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu were severely reduced. This state was significantly ameliorated by the foliar resupply of MgSO4, although the highest increase in biomass production was observed in response to root resupply. The foliar resupply of MgSO4 upregulated the process of photosynthesis in Mg-deprived plants. In this context, the foliar MgSO4 application was able to return RuBisCO abundance to control levels in Mg-deficient plants
Otto Appel and his contributions to food quality and safety at the beginning of the 20th century
Get PDFOtto Appel (1867-1952) is best known for his research in the field of phytopathology, in particular for his discoveries on bacterial and fungal diseases of crops such as potato and cereals. His work ranged from fundamental research, like the discovery and description of pathogens and their ways to affect their host plants, to applied research on cultivation practices and storage methods. He published numerous scientific articles as well as practical recommendations for farmers in form of flyers and pocket books with the aim to improve yield and quality and to reduce losses and, thus, securing the supply with plant based food and materials. His commitment to applied research was also reflected in his long-term membership in the boardof the Association for Applied Botany and later on in the awarding of Honorary Presidency of the Association. As director of the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in Berlin, he was the key player in setting up an efficient and well-organized plant protection service in Germany.Otto Appel’s achievements significantly influenced agricultural practices and generally enhanced food quality and safety in Germany and beyond. They are still remembered today, when the Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft awards the Otto Appel Medal to outstanding researchers in phytomedicine every two years
LC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds and oleraceins in aerial parts of Portulaca oleracea L.
Get PDFPortulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is a well-known edible and ethnomedicinal plant and it has been called “vegetable for long life” in the Chinese herbal medicine. The plant is recognized for the high content of polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids.In this study, hydromethanolic purslane extracts from Bulgarian and Greek locations were screened for polyphenolic content. Based on polyphenols, saponins and DPPH antioxidant activity, an orthogonaldesign L9(34) was performed in order to improve the ultrasound assisted extraction procedure of dry and fresh plant material. An UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS method in parallel-reaction monitoring mode was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 14 compounds comprising hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic and caffeoylquinic acids, as well as 2 flavonol glycosides. The quantitative analysis was validated for curve fit, range, instrumental detection limit (IDL), instrumental quantification limit (IQL), LOD, LOQ, precision, recovery and accuracy. The UHPLC-MS quantification method revealed good linearity (r2 > 0.9950), LOD < 925.85 ng/g dw and LOQ < 3055.31 ng/g dw. Moreover, 11 cylco-dopa amides (Oleraceins A-D, N-Q, S, U and W) were tentatively identified through UHPLC-MS and their MS2 mass fragmentation was described
Uncovering Northeast Portugal grapevine\u27s varietal legacy
Get PDFNortheast Portugal comprises the wine denominations "Douro" and "Trás-os-Montes". There are more than one hundred grapevine cultivars registered suitable for wine production in these regions (ministerial-orders number 1204/2006 and 383/2017), however only a few are actually used for winemaking. In this sense, the identification of the varieties cultivated in past times may widen the number of varieties and can be an important step to take advantage of all the potential of these regions\u27 grapevine biodiversity. The conservation of these vanishing genetic resources boosts a greater products\u27 diversification and it can be considered strategic in the improvement and valorization of "Douro" and "Trás-os-Montes" PDO wines. Moreover, it is imperative to identify, before to characterize and preserve, plants of late-maturing grape varieties planted in regions with extremely high temperatures and precipitation deficits which still maintain grape yield and produce very well-known quality wines. Hence, the main goals of this study were to prospect and characterize, through nuclear and chloroplast SSR analysis, plants of old vineyards that constitute a broad representation of the grapevine genetic patrimony of "Douro" and "Trás-os-Montes" regions
Implementation of sensory stimulation technology in an interactive room for the diffusion of wine making activities
Get PDFThe present innovation project attempts to bolster the promotion and diffusion of wine-making activities through the introduction of \u27dynamic sensory stimulation\u27 technology (DSS). The first objective of this paper is to describe the implementation of an interactive lounge that uses this technology for the display of some organoleptic characteristics of pisco and wine. DSS technology is outfitted with synchronized equipment which provides the visitors with an integral, sensory experience consisting of climatic stimulation, similar to the one of the vineyard (principally in regard to temperature and relative humidity); olfactory stimulation with different aromas via a controlled spray (simulating the collection of smells associated with the processes of fermentation and distillation); scientific-gustatory stimulation (technical tasting); and audiovisual stimulation through images and sounds typical of a vineyard. The paper\u27s second aim is to describe the perception and satisfaction level of the visitors of the interactive lounge. The results indicate that it is possible to utilize DSS technology in an interactive lounge in order to further the diffusion of wine-making activities in Arequipa, Peru
Grapevine yield and wine quality in ancient Spanish Pyrenean vineyards: Influence of climatic and physiographic parameters
Get PDFClimate, edaphic, and physiographic parameters influence wine quality. In this study, we evaluated if climate and sediment connectivity had an effect on the grapevine yield (GY) and wine quality of three ancient (more than 100 years old) vineyards, with \u27Garnacha Tinta\u27 variety, managed using the head-pruned system, and during three agronomic years (October 2015 - September 2018). The three rain-fed vineyards are managed using the head-pruned system and named VA (1233 vines), VB (1584 vines) and VS (897 vines). They are located in the Spanish Pyrenees, with oceanic Mediterranean climate, have the same soil type (Haplic Cambisol) and the soil is ploughed to prevent weeds. GY ranged from 380 to 2646 kg·ha–1, and from 0.08 to 0.60 kg·vine–1. The annual production significantly correlated with the total annual rainfall (positive), and with the air temperature during the growing period (negative). A frozen spell and intense rainfall events in spring explained the lower GY observed in 2017 and 2018, respectively. We observed a good correlation between GY (kg·ha-1) in 2018 and wine parameters such as, pH (r = 0.992), titratable acidity (r = -0.862), malic acid (r = 0.979), and potassium (r = 0.998). Annual runoff and sediment connectivity was estimated at each field (and its upslope drainage area) using the aggregated index of connectivity (AIC) at high spatial resolution (1 m of cell size). The lowest connectivity was found in VB, whereas VA and VS presented moderate and high values of connectivity, respectively. AIC correlated very well and negatively with GY (kg·ha-1, r = -0.955; and kg·vine-1, r = -0.972). Higher connectivity - intense overland flow dynamic - favoured lower yield. We concluded that the climate parameters mainly explained the temporal changes of GY, whereas distinct overland flow connectivity clearly influenced the spatial variations of GY under the same climatic conditions
Preparation of a checklist to evaluate the implementation of the guideline of integrated plant protection (IPP) in the forest
Get PDFChemical composition of field grown radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) as influenced by season and moderately reduced water supply
Get PDFSeasonal variations in water availability as increasingly provoked by climate change pose severe challenges for vegetable production, particularly for crops requiring reliable and high water supply for achieving satisfactory quality. In contrast to most previous studies applying severe water deficits, we examined the effects of moderate water deficits on the chemical composition of red radish roots during three consecutive years with variable climatic conditions. Radish were cultivated in open field, applying two different water supply treatments and following a randomized block design comprising four sets of six plots each. The resulting water reductions of 3-20 % led to a significant increase of dry matter-based myo-inositol levels, whereas those of selected minerals and trace elements, phenolics and glucosinolates decreased. Anthocyanin levels remained unchanged. Fresh-matter related levels of most analytes increased upon reduced water treatments due to higher dry matter contents. While pigment levels in radish remained unchanged, mild water deficit affected other quality-related parameters such as pungency-related glucosinolates
