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Methods to assess host-parasitoid-com-plexes in meadows as indicators of insect dversity in an agricultural landscape
Get PDFChanges in activity and isozyme patterns of peroxidase and chitinase in kiwifruit pollen
Get PDFIn this study, changes in activity and isozyme patterns of peroxidase (POD) and chitinase in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) pollen were investigated under different storage conditions. Although residual activity was detected in heat-treated pollen, changes in POD activity were observed due to difference in storage conditions as revealed by preliminary studies in which pollen germination varied with different storage conditions. POD activity of kiwifruit pollen increased as proportions of viable pollen increased, indicating a positive correlation (R2=0.993) between pollen viability and POD activity. There was a detectable difference in the relative activity of POD enzyme between heat-treated and viable pollen. Decoloration of Congo Red was observed in germination medium which fresh pollen was cultured. The activity of individual chitinase isozymes present in kiwifruit pollen differed depending on storage conditions, which had a direct impact on pollen vigor. Although direct evidence showing that chitinase isozymes are implicated in pollen vigor is still uncertain, distinction of isozymes may facilitate more precise identification of viable pollen which possesses germination potential from non-viable pollen. Taken together, these results suggest that monitoring the activity of POD and chitinase can be an attractive alternative to evaluate pollen vigor in kiwifruit
Salicylic acid alleviates chilling injury in cold-stored ‘Huangguan’ pear
No full textChilling injury (CI) often occurs in ‘Huangguan’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) at low temperature storage, which is characterized by brown spot on the fruit surface. In this study, the ‘Huangguan’ pear fruit was soaked either with salicylic acid (SA) or distilled water (control) and subsequently stored at 0 ℃. The results showed that 5 mM and 10 mM SA treatments significantly reduced the CI index of the fruit compared with the control, but had no significant effect on fruit firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acid (TA) content. Further study on the mechanism of CI showed that 5 mM SA treatment increased the content of SA in peel, enhanced the activities of ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced the accumulation of phenols in the later stage, decreased the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) before the occurrence of CI, inhibited the expression of PPO1 and PPO5 genes in peel, and significantly down-regulated expression of LOX1 and PLD4, which code for lipoxygenase and phospholipase D, respectively. These results indicated that SA treatment increased the antioxidant capacity of the peel, inhibited the degradation of cell membrane lipids, reduced the appearance of brown spot on the fruit surface and alleviated CI during cold storage in ‘Huangguan’ pear
First report of Epicoccum sorghinum on Sorghum bicolor in Austria
Get PDFIm Juli 2018 wurde an Blättern von Hirse (Sorghum bicolor) der Pilz Epicoccum sorghinum nachgewiesen. Dies ist der erste Nachweis dieses Pilzes an Hirse in Österreich.In July 2018 Epicoccum sorghinum was found on leaves of Sorghum bicolor. This is the first report for Austria of this fungus on Sorghum bicolor
First record of Golovinomyces orontii and Golovinomyces cucurbitacearum on Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca in Austria
Get PDFIm Rahmen eines Monitorings auf pilzliche Krankheiten an Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca wurde im Juli 2018 an Blättern von Steirischen Ölkürbissen (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) Golovinomyces orontii und Golovinomyces cucurbitacearum nachgewiesen. Dies ist der erste Nachweis dieser Pilze an Ölkürbis in Österreich.According to a monitoring on fungal diseases on Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca in July 2018 Golovinomyces orontii and Golovinomyces cucurbitacearum were detected on leaves of Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca. This is the first record for Austria of these fungi on Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca
First report of Colletotrichum helianthicola Sousa da Câmara on Helianthus annuus in Austria
Get PDFIm August 2018 wurde der Pilz Colletotrichum helianthicola Sousa da Câmara an Stängeln von Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuus) in Österreich nachgewiesen. Dies ist der erste Nachweis dieses Pilzes an Sonnenblume in Österreich.In August 2018 the fungus Colletotrichum helianthicola Sousa da Câmara was found on stems of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Austria. This is the first report of this fungus on sunflower for Austria
