Showa Women's University Repository / 昭和女子大学学術機関リポジトリ
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Preservation of records of buried cultural properties and "memory of land"－Focusing on the use of archeological sites in Chigasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, where record preservation measures were taken－
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Biomechanics of Peeling a Whole Apple with a Kitchen Knife
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the biomechanical features of the movement of peeling a whole apple with a kitchen knife. We assessed the movements of 70 female university students and selected 3 skilled and 3 unskilled students for our main experiment. In the main experiment, we recorded kinematic data using a 3D motion capture （VICON） while the 6 students peeled a whole apple with a kitchen knife, and compared the biomechanical features of the movements of the participants. We found three differences in knife manipulation between the two groups: 1） Skilled students held the knife at about 45 degrees from the horizontal plane while unskilled students held it more horizontally. 2） Skilled students moved their right thumb in advance to lead the knife while unskilled students moved their right thumbs synchronously with the knife. 3） Skilled students held a space between their right thumb and knife while unskilled students put their right thumbs on the knife blade. In addition, skilled students and unskilled but relatively efficient students held the knife blade between their thumbs and index fingers while unskilled but relatively inefficient students held the knife with their index fingers extended on the dull edge. We suggest that analysis of these biomechanical features is important for teaching the proper way to peel a whole apple with a kitchen knife.departmental bulletin pape
Reasons for Belonging to Groups of Friends during Adolescence: An Investigation Based on Educational Stage and Gender
Get PDFThe present study aims to clarify the reasons why adolescents belong to groups of friends, and to investigate differences by educational stage and gender. We analyzed the results of questionnaire surveys answered by a total of 556 junior high school, high school and university students （275 males and 281 females）.
A total of 499 individuals （89.7％; 241 males, 258 females） belonged to a group of friends, and the mean size of these groups was 5.82 individuals （SD＝3.69） overall, 6.27 （SD＝4.19） for males, and 5.41 （SD＝3.12） for females.
As a result of factor analysis, there were three reasons for belonging to a friend group: “Avoidance of isolation”, “emotional support” and “information sharing”. “Avoidance of isolation” and “information sharing ” were higher among high school students and university students than junior high school students, while “emotional support” was higher among female students than male students. It was confirmed that there are two reasons for belonging to a group of friends in adolescence: a passive reason, avoiding isolation, and a more active reason, sharing information with and supporting each other.departmental bulletin pape
