JOS - UNSOED (Jurnal Online Soedirman - Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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LEGAL POSITION OF PAYLATER AS A PAYMENT METHOD IN INDONESIA
No full textThis study examines the perspective of the juridical status of the implementation of the payment system and its legality dimension in social practice using the statute approach and conceptual approach methodology. To examine the problem of this research method, it uses normative juridical by using a conceptual approach to review and study the research topics raised. The findings indicate that the increasing adoption of payout immediately raises new complexities in users' understanding of rights and obligations in digital contracts. Regulatory uncertainty makes consumers vulnerable to debt traps due to the consequences of late payments, and the risk of personal data leakage increases as the use of pay later services is not equipped with adequate data protection. It is time for Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority to be clearer in identifying concrete steps to improve financial literacy and consumer supervision in line with the development of increasingly developing and innovative pay laters. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that the legal position of the payout mechanism is equivalent to traditional credit agreements in general
A Regulatory Time Bomb: Can Singapore’s Model Rescue Indonesia’s Gig Economy?
No full textPlatform workers who work through digital applications such as online transportation and delivery services are growing in Indonesia, but their legal status is still unclear. The incompatibility between the platform's work model and conventional labor regulations results in platform workers not receiving legal protection, social security, or recognition of formal employment relationships. This article examines these problems using normative legal research methods and comparative approaches by comparing the Indonesian legal system with Singapore's policies through the Platform Workers Act 2024. The legal materials include laws and regulations, jurisprudence, and related literature. The study results show that Indonesia still relies on inadequate partial regulation to address the protection needs of platform workers. At the same time, Singapore has taken a progressive step by recognizing the status of platform workers as a separate legal entity with fundamental rights, such as social security, the right to form associations, protection against work injuries, and income transparency. The novel finding of this study lies in identifying the hybrid employment model as a feasible and legally sound framework to bridge the gap between full-time employment and independent contracting in Indonesia. This model not only aligns with Singapore’s adaptive regulatory approach but also offers a policy blueprint for equitable protection without undermining digital innovation. The broader implication is clear: without a comprehensive legal reform that institutionalizes hybrid employment, Indonesia risks entrenching a two-tier labor system that perpetuates inequality within its rapidly expanding digital economy
Structural Insights into Mutant and Wild-Type InhA Proteins: Implications for Targeting Tuberculosis and the Role of NAD Cofactors
No full textABSTRACT. The high death rate and prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) pose a significant global health challenge. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the main targets for drug development to treat tuberculosis. Wever, mutations in the InhA structure found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are responsible for MDR-TB. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3D structure of InhA was used in this study. The PDB has 102 3D structures, with 77 structures for wild-type proteins and 25 structures for mutant proteins. The structures with the best resolution values and most favorable region statistics in Ramachandran plots were selected, and redocking and cross-docking simulations were performed with Autodock Vina software to study the binding affinity of protein-ligand complexes and to assess the impact of mutations on binding affinity. This research also provides insights into the influence of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) cofactors, which increase ligand binding efficiency. The results show how important the NAD cofactor is for improving ligand binding and how mutations can change the therapeutic potential of the found ligands. They also give suggestions for structures that can be used to make drugs that fight multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Based on the docking results, with an RMSD value of less than 2.00 Å, the structures recommended for the virtual screening stage are 5COQ, 5CP8, and 5OIF for mutant proteins and 2X23, 4BQP, 4D0S, 4OHU, 4OXK, 4TRJ, and 5MTR for the wild-type protein.
Keywords: Autodock Vina, Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), NAD, Tubercolosis
Some Morphological and Physiological Characters of Vanda bensonii Bateman Seedlings under Colchicine Application
No full textABSTRACT. Vanda bensonii is an orchid species of some potentials to develop, one of which is by means of induced mutation resulting in polyploid individuals. Such individuals usually exhibit better phenotypical performance than that of the normal diploids. This can be performed by the application of antimitotic chemicals such as colchicine. This study aims to know the effect of colchicine on some morphological and physiological characters of V. bensonii seedlings and to find out the effective concentration in producing the most promising ideal phenotypical performance of the orchid species. The study was conducted at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman by using an experimental method arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with treatments consisting of five colchicine concentrations, i.e. 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 µM. Each treatment was subjected to five replications giving rise to a total of 25 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with an F test of 0.05 and 0.01. Further analysis using Tukey test of 0.05 was performed when significant differences among treatments were found. The results show that colchicine significantly reduces plant height of V. bensonii, in which control plant shows taller in comparison to all treatments. Similarly, it is also the case with chlorophyll a content, while there is no significant effect of colchicine on leaf width, leaf length, leaf number, shoot number, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents. Nevertheless, colchicine concentration of 60 µM is found most effective in increasing shoot number. It can be concluded that colchicine has significant effects on chlorophyll a content of V. bensonii, implying its potential application to create mutants of better performance.
Keywords: colchicine, morphological characters, physiological characters, polyploid, Vanda bensonii  
The United States’ CHIPS Act Strategy to Reduce Dependence on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
No full textThis study aims to analyze the United States’ strategy through the CHIPS and Science Act 2022 in reducing dependence on the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The research employs neo-mercantilism theory using the concept of strategic protectionism to explain how state intervention in the semiconductor industry reflects political and economic security interests. The study applies a descriptive qualitative method with a policy study approach, utilizing secondary data from official documents, congressional reports, and academic literature. The findings indicate that the CHIPS Act functions not only as an economic policy but also as a geopolitical strategy to strengthen technological independence and reduce global supply chain risks. In conclusion, the CHIPS Act represents a concrete manifestation of strategic protectionism within the context of global technological rivalr
THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD SANITATION HYGIENE PERCEPTION ON PURCHASING DECISIONS OF STREET VENDORS IN THE HOTEL X AREA, JAKARTA
No full textPerception of food hygiene and sanitation is one of the essential factors influencing consumers' purchasing decisions toward street food. This study aims to determine the influence of food hygiene and sanitation perception on purchasing decisions among street food vendors located behind a five-star hotel in Jakarta. This research employed a quantitative approach using incidental sampling techniques. The respondents were 100 five-star hotel employees who frequently purchased street food around Hotel X. The research instrument used a Guttman scale questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed a positive and significant influence between the perception of food hygiene and sanitation and purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and an R square value of 0.111. This indicates that 11.1% of the variation in purchasing decisions can be explained by perceptions of hygiene and sanitation. It can be concluded that the better the consumers' perception of the hygiene and sanitation practices of street food vendors, the greater their tendency to make a purchase
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF A PINEAPPLE AND COCONUT-WATER-BASED SPORT DRINK
No full textCoconut water is a natural isotonic beverage that can provide effects comparable to commercial sports drinks in supporting physical performance and physiological responses. On the other hand, pineapple is a tropical fruit with natural anti-inflammatory properties, a sweet taste, and a distinctive, refreshing aroma, making it a potential enhancer of the sensory characteristics of sports drinks. This study aimed to develop a sports drink formulation based on coconut water and pineapple juice and to evaluate the sensory characteristics of the formulated beverages. Sensory evaluation was conducted with 38 panellists using a 4-point scale, and the data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The difference in the proportion of coconut water and pineapple juice significantly affected the organoleptic parameters of colour (p<0.001) and aftertaste (p=0.011) but had no significant effect on aroma (p=0.450), taste (p=0.136), or overall preference (p=0.743). An increased proportion of pineapple juice in the formulation resulted in a brighter colour and a more pungent aftertaste in the sports drink. The selected formulation in terms of colour was Formula 3; meanwhile, Formula 1 was preferred for aftertaste
Heterogeneity of Social Returns to Education Across Employees Education Levels in Indonesia
No full textThis study estimates the heterogeneity of agglomeration externalities across employees' education levels in Indonesia. This study uses the 2020-2024 microdata and the Instrumental Variable (IV) Heckman model with the historical population density and the number of universities as IVs. The result indicates that social returns to education from the local high-skill labor market, which is a part of agglomeration externalities, are positively significant and higher for high- and medium-skilled employees than for low-skilled employees. This finding demonstrates the efficacy of public education investments, especially Indonesian government policy that can enhance the quantity and quality of university graduates, thereby promoting the transfer of knowledge to all employees and eventually reducing wage inequality between regions
Penentuan Harga Pokok Penjualan (HPP) dengan Metode Rata-Rata Tertimbang: Strategi Efisiensi Biaya dan Penentuan Harga Kompetitif pada UM Krupuk Bu Nor
No full textDalam dunia usaha mikro, terutama yang berada di sektor produksi makanan, menghitung Harga Pokok Penjualan (HPP) secara akurat menghadirkan tantangan yang signifikan. Pemahaman yang tepat tentang HPP sangat penting untuk mempertahankan operasi bisnis dan mengoptimalkan margin keuntungan. Tanpa perhitungan yang akurat ini, bisnis berisiko mengalami kerugian dalam menghasilkan pendapatan dan secara bersamaan menghadapi kerugian finansial, meskipun menawarkan produk berkualitas tinggi. UM Krecek Krupuk Bu Nor, sebuah usaha mikro yang berlokasi di desa Gandu Mlarak Ponorogo, yang khusus memproduksi krecek krupuk. Produk ini tidak hanya terkenal di masyarakat setempat karena rasanya yang unik, tetapi juga terbuat dari bahan baku tradisional. Namun, terlepas dari potensi pasarnya, bisnis ini bergulat dengan pengelolaan biaya produksinya, yang pada gilirannya memengaruhi strategi penetapan harga yang kompetitif. Menetapkan HPP yang akurat sangat penting bagi UM Krecek Krupuk Bu Nor, karena hal itu akan memfasilitasi pengelolaan biaya produksi yang lebih efektif dan memungkinkan penentuan harga jual yang tidak hanya mencakup biaya operasional tetapi juga menghasilkan margin keuntungan yang wajar. Oleh karena itu, memberikan pelatihan tentang penentuan HPP sangat penting untuk mendorong manajemen keuangan yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan dalam usaha mikro ini. Inisiatif pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan berbagai komponen yang membentuk HPP, yang meliputi biaya bahan baku, biaya tenaga kerja, dan alokasi biaya pabrik. Selain itu, pelatihan ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan analitis para pengusaha usaha mikro dan kecil (UMK) dalam menghitung dan menginterpretasikan HPP produk mereka secara efektif
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF POLICE AND MEDICAL DOCTORS IN CENTRAL LAMPUNG REGENCY REGARDING ALCOHOL LEVEL TEST FOR MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVERS
No full textBased on data from the Global Status Report on Road Safety published by the World Health Organization in 2018 and 2023, traffic accidents are one of the factors causing death in the world. One of the influencing factors is alcohol because it can interfere with concentration while driving. Various countries have tried to reduce the number of traffic accidents by checking drivers’ alcohol levels. Indonesia is one of the countries that has not implemented the test routinely, while the number of traffic accidents is still relatively high. For example, traffic accident victims in Lampung Province have increased between 2021 and 2022, and Central Lampung Regency ranks 2nd highest in traffic accidents in Lampung Province. Efforts to check alcohol levels require the involvement of police agencies and hospitals, including police officers and doctors. This research describes the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of police officers and doctors in Central Lampung Regency regarding alcohol level tests in drivers who have experienced traffic accidents. The research used an explanatory sequential mixed method design. Quantitative data regarding knowledge and attitudes were collected through questionnaires (n=77, 36 doctors, 41 police officers). The convenience sampling approach was used as the sampling method, then analyzed using SPSS ver.27. Data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate (Spearman test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square and Fisher exact tests), and multivariate logistic regression tests. Qualitative data to explain the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour were collected through interviews through purposive sampling. The results showed that there were significant differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour between police and doctors (p<0,001); there is a weak correlation between knowledge and attitudes and behaviour of police and doctors (r=0,399). Age, length of service, gender, education, and occupation significantly correlate with the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of police and doctors (p<0,05). The age factor has the most dominant relationship with knowledge (OR 3,4; p=0,02) in police and doctors. Qualitative data explained that young doctors have better knowledge, as well as more positive attitudes and behaviour towards alcohol level tests, compared to that of the police and older doctors. It can be concluded that there are significant differences between police and doctors in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards alcohol level tests of drivers involved in traffic accidents. It is suggested that the alcohol testing policy for drivers needs to be preceded by education for police and doctors using a different approach