JOS - UNSOED (Jurnal Online Soedirman - Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Pengaruh Faktor Ekonomi, Pakan, Sosial Budaya dan lahan Terhadap Motivasi Peternak kambing
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memotivasi masyarakat beternak kambing di Kecamatan Banggae Kabupaten Majene. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari - Fenruari 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksplanasi (penjelasan), termasuk kedalam penelitian asosiatif, yaitu penelitian yang menghubungkan beberapa variable untuk melihat pengaruhnya. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan faktor-faktor (nilai ekonomi, pakan, sosial budaya dan lahan) memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap motivasi peternak. secara parsial faktor nilai ekonomi, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi peternak, sedangkan pakan, sosial budaya, dan lahan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi peternak kambing namun secara simultan faktor nilai ekonomi, pakan, sosial budaya, lahan, secara bersama-sama dan signifikan berpengaruh terhadap motivasi peternak kambing sebesar 0,665 persen dan sisanya 0,335 persen dipengaruhi oleh faktor lai
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of N-phenyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl) pyrazoline
Full text linkABSTRACT. Compound of N-phenyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl) pyrazoline was synthesized by cycloaddition reaction. The structure of the product was chracterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectrometers. The pyrazoline was screened for antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexnerri, and Escherichia coli. The pyrazoline had been synthesized from chalcone with phenylhydrazine to give 52.90% yield. Antibacterial screening showed that pyrazoline was active against selected gram positive bacteria. The pyrazoline was found to exhibits an antibacterial activity and its zone of inhibition/concentration against S. aureus (8.75/300), B. cereus (7.75/1000), B. subtillis (6.50/1000), and E. coli (3.50/300). The result showed that pyrazoline which was subtituted with chloro and methoxy, was able to posse broad spectrum of the tested pathogenic bacteria.
Keywords: chalcone, pyrazoline, antibacteria
Klanceng Honey Beehive (Trigona biroi) Sunscreen Activity
Full text linkABSTRACT. UV radiation can cause various skin problems, including photoaging and skin cancer. Sunscreen can provide UV radiation protection. Klanceng honey bee nests may contain metabolites that could be employed as sunscreen agents. This research project investigates the sunscreen activity of the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and aqueous fraction of the Klanceng honey bee hive using SPF, % Te, and Tp values. Honey bee hives are extracted via maceration assisted by ultrasonic waves. As solvents for fractionation, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water are used. UV spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 290-375 nm was used to examine the sunscreen activity of the samples in vitro, and the SPF, % Te, and % Tp values were computed. The extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and aqueous fraction had SPF values of 5.832, 4.464, 11.898, and 2.846, with medium, medium, maximum, and minimal protection categories, respectively. The % Te value indicates that the extract, n-hexane, and aqueous fraction do not protect anti-erythema transmission. However, the ethyl acetate fraction does. The % Tp statistic demonstrates that all samples offer sunblock category protection. Based on this, the availability of ethyl acetate fraction is the most effective defense against UV A and UV B rays, indicating that it has the most significant potential as a sunscreen agent.
Keywords: Erythema, Pigmentation, Honey bee hive, SPF, Sunscree
Effect of Organic Solvents in the Preparation of Single Aged Garlic Transfersomes and Their Phytochemical Activities
Full text linkABSTRACT. Single Aged Garlic (SAG), a fermented product from a single garlic, has been extensively studied for its health benefits due to its allicin content. To enhance SAG's drug delivery capabilities, this study aimed to characterize transfersome formulations containing SAG, investigating their phytochemical activities and the effects of different absolute solvents. Transfersome formulations, consisting of soy-phospholipid and either Span-60 (T1) or Tween-80 (T2), were prepared using absolute ethanol (EA) or a chloroform-methanol mixture (CM). Characterization included particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Phytochemical tests assessed antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Results showed that T2-CM formulations exhibited the best PDI (0.372 ± 0.022), smallest particle size (T1-CM: 84.333 ± 1.762 nm), and lowest zeta potential (T2-EA: -25.667 ± 0.666 mV). Additionally, T1-CM and T2-CM formulations demonstrated superior antioxidant, flavonoid, and phenolic content compared to T1-EA and T2-EA. Transfersomes formulated with organic solvents like absolute ethanol, methanol, and chloroform exhibit promising characteristics and can effectively protect the antioxidant compounds, flavonoids, and phenols present in SAG extracts. These solvents, known for their ability to dissolve polar and nonpolar compounds, facilitate the formation of stable, well-characterized transfersomes. These findings suggest that transfersomes prepared with chloroform-methanol mixtures are more promising for SAG delivery.
Key words: Organic solvents, Phytochemicals, Single aged garlic, Transfersome
Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Antibacterial Activity from Dewa Leaves Ethanolic Extract (Gynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel)
Full text linkABSTRACT. Due to their phytochemical constituents, Dewa leaves (Gynura japonica (Thunb.) Juel.) are often used in traditional medicinal herbs. However, in vitro and in vivo of antioxidative and anti-aging studies of Dewa leaves on yeast as a eukaryotic cell model have not been widely carried out. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, anti-aging, and antibacterial activities derived from G. japonica leaves extract. Extraction was conducted using 70% and 96% ethanol solvents, total phenolic content (TPC) was assayed using Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoid contents (TFC) was assayed using aluminum chloride method, antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. Subsequently, an anti-aging activity test was performed on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism following antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using well diffusion agar, and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using the microplate method. We obtained that G. japonica leaves extracted from 70% and 96% methanol solvents, have TPC of 13.14 and 22.11 mg GAE/gr extract, and TFC of 8.04 and 14.09 mg QE/gr extract, respectively. As for DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity, D70 showed the best activity with IC50 values of 1411.36±56.35 µg/mL and 2516.10±18.77 µg/mL, respectively. The anti-aging test showed that both 70% and 96% ethanol extracts were able to maintain the yeast cell viability under H2O2 oxidative stress. Further, 70% and 96% ethanol extract also showed antibacterial activity at the best value against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 390.62 µg/mL, it means that Gynura leaves extract has a potency as antibacterial agent. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of G. japonica leaves can be developed for further investigation as an antioxidant and antibacterial therapeutic agent.
Keywords: Anti-aging, antibacterial, antioxidant, Gynura japonica, Saccharomyces cerevisia
Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids from Twigs of Aglaia Foveolata and Their Antibacterial Activity
Full text linkABSTRACT. The Aglaia species, which contains triterpenoids, is the most numerous in the Meliaceae family. Aglaia foveolata (A. foveolata) is a type of plant that has many benefits, as medicinal ingredients. The potential of this plant is inseparable from the content of various bioactive compounds. This study aims to isolate, characterize the active compound from the twigs of A. foveolata and test its activity as an antibacterial. Three dammarane-type triterpenoids were isolated from the A. foveolata twigs which is, namely dammar-24-en-3β,20-diol (1), an epimeric mixture of shoreic and eichlerianic acid (2, 3). Their chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic data using infrared, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and including one and two-dimensional NMR techniques, as well as through data comparison of the reported compound. Compound 1 was reported for the first time to be successfully isolated from this species. All these substances were tested for the first time for their antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, through this study. Compound 1 was inactive, the epimeric mixture of 2 and 3 showed moderate antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 31.7 to 126.6 ppm, particularly against S. aureus with a MIC value of 31.7 ppm.
Keywords: Aglaia, Elucidation, Isolation, Spectroscopy, Bacteria
Internalization of the Paris Agreement in Indonesia’s First Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) (2015–2022)
Full text linkAbstract
Climate change is a global challenge that affects various sectors and serves as the foundation for the establishment of the international Paris Agreement, which was adopted through the Conference of Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This agreement was strongly advocated by Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2016. As one of the countries vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, Indonesia has decided to ratify the Paris Agreement and has made serious efforts to achieve its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) target, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These efforts have yielded positive results, with Indonesia gradually surpassing its emission reduction targets as reported by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in 2022. This study examines the development of the Paris Agreement as a new international norm that influences Indonesia’s policies in addressing climate change impacts through the norm life cycle framework. This framework consists of three stages: norm emergence, norm cascade, and internalization. In this context, the Paris Agreement is viewed as an international norm initiated by the norm entrepreneur Ban Ki-Moon, who successfully encouraged Indonesia to ratify and implement it at the national level. This success is reflected in the internalization of the Paris Agreement into legal instruments that strengthen Indonesia’s commitment to achieving its NDC targets. This research applies a qualitative analytical method, drawing on secondary sources such as official government and organizational reports, journal articles, books, and other relevant references.
Keywords: Indonesia’s carbon emissions, international regime, norm life cycle, Paris Agreement
Abstrak
Perubahan iklim merupakan tantangan global yang memengaruhi berbagai sektor dan menjadi landasan lahirnya kesepakatan internasional Paris Agreement, yang disepakati melalui Conference of Parties (COP) di bawah naungan United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Kesepakatan ini mendapat dorongan kuat dari Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa periode 2007–2016, Ban Ki-Moon. Sebagai salah satu negara yang rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim, Indonesia memutuskan untuk meratifikasi Paris Agreement dan berupaya secara serius mencapai target Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) dalam menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Upaya ini menunjukkan hasil positif, di mana Indonesia secara bertahap mampu melampaui target penurunan emisi sebagaimana dilaporkan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) pada 2022. Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan Paris Agreement sebagai norma baru di tataran internasional yang memengaruhi kebijakan Indonesia dalam mengendalikan dampak perubahan iklim melalui kerangka norm life cycle. Kerangka ini mencakup tiga tahap, yakni norm emergence, norm cascade, dan internalization. Dalam konteks ini, Paris Agreement dipandang sebagai norma internasional yang digagas oleh norm entrepreneur Ban Ki-Moon, yang berhasil mendorong Indonesia untuk meratifikasi dan mengimplementasikannya di tingkat nasional. Keberhasilan tersebut tercermin dari proses internalisasi Paris Agreement ke dalam instrumen hukum yang memperkuat komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai target NDC. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dengan sumber data dari laporan resmi pemerintah atau organisasi, artikel jurnal, buku, maupun sumber sekunder lain yang relevan.
Kata kunci: emisi karbon Indonesia, norm life cycle, Paris Agreement, rezim internasiona
English
No full textThis study aims to analyze the influence of raw materials and halal awareness on purchase decisions, with religiosity as an intervening variable. The research involved 173 respondents, consisting of culinary MSMEs in the Purwokerto area. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis to examine the relationships among the research variables. The results show that raw materials have no significant effect on purchase decisions. Halal awareness significantly influences purchase decisions. Furthermore, raw materials and halal awareness partially influence religiosity. Religiosity does not mediate the relationship between raw materials and purchase decisions, but it does mediate the relationship between halal awareness and purchase decisions
Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran : Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan melalui Penggunaan Media Sosial dan Kemampuan Inovatif sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran orientasi kewirausahaan pada penggunaan media sosial dan kinerja pemasaran dengan kemampuan inovatif sebagai variabel moderasi pada usaha skala mikro di Kabupaten Banyumas. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan slovin dengan jumlah 100 sampel dan pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam hal ini penelitian adalah analisis partial least square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orientasi kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pemasaran untuk nilai path koefisien 0,401 dan sig. 0,000, begitu juga orientasi kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap penggunaan media sosial 0,567 dan sig. 0,000. Penggunaan media sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pemasaran 0,389 dan sig. 0,001, sedangkan kemampuan inovatif berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pemasaran 0,352 dan sig. 0.001. Penggunaan media sosial memediasi secara partial pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan pada kinerja pemasaran 0,645 dan sig. 0.000. Mediasi dalam model penelitian ini bersifat parsial, dengan kata lain, penggunaan media sosial memiliki fungsi untuk menjembatani atau menengahi pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja pemasaran. Namun, karena karakteristik mediasinya partial, bahkan tanpa variabel penggunaan media sosial, orientasi kewirausahaan masih mampu mempengaruhi kinerja pemasaran secara positif dan signifikan. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa orientasi kewirausahaan dapat meningkatkan dan memperkuat penggunaan media sosial oleh para pelaku usaha skala mikro di Banyumas, yang juga akan berdampak pada peningkatan kinerja bisnis. Lebih lanjut, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan inovatif tidak memoderasi antara penggunaan media sosial dengan kinerja pemasaran -0,078 dan nilai sig. 0,430, hal ini bisa dimaknai bahwa kemampuan inovatif pelaku usaha skala mikro masih rendah dalam penggunaan media sosial dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja pemasaran