Horizon e-Publishing Group (HePG): E-Journals
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Production of virus-free quality planting material in banana (Musa spp.) variety CO 3 (ABB) through meristem culture
Get PDFThe rapid spread of pest and disease infestations significantly affects agricultural productivity and food security. Diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens can severely impact plant health, leading to substantial crop losses. Some crop species, like banana (Musa spp.), transmit viral diseases mostly through vegetative propagules but very rarely through seeds. To address this issue, meristem culture was employed in the present study on the banana variety CO 3 (ABB) to produce virus-free plantlets. Meristem tips, ranging from 20-30 mm in size, were established on fullstrength MS medium supplemented with vitamins, ascorbic acid, myoinositol,2 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA during the initiation phase. MS medium with 3 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA was optimal for multiple shoot formation, producing an average of 8.5 shoots per explant in 52.5 days. Regarding growth parameters, approximately 3.7 leaves per explant were observed, with an average leaf length of 4.56 cm and an average leaf width of 1.89 cm after the fifth subculture and before the rooting stage. The meristem tips (20-30 mm) of the CO 3 (ABB) variety produced approximately 92.5% virus-free plantlets with a survival rate of 86.5%. The derived plantlets were successfully hardened
Effect of foliar application of nano micro nutrients and deficit irrigation on stay green characteristics and drought resistance in maize
Get PDFThe stay-green character is a crucial trait linked to delayed leaf senescence, which enables the plant to continue photosynthetic activity for an extended time under early and terminal drought. Reduced water availability causes early leaf senescence, lower chlorophyll content and eventually poor yield in maize. The objectives were to quantify the effects of irrigation regimes, nanocomposite levels physiological parameters, yield attributes and yield of maize. The main plot treatments comprised of well irrigated and withheld irrigation, while the sub plot treatments consisted of different nanoparticles viz., ZnO, MnO, (ZnO + MnO), TNAU nano revive and ZnSO4 + MnSO4. The results revealed that higher dry matter production (5282 and 9891 kg/ha), leaf nitrogen (44.28 and 39.97), grain filling rate, grain filling duration (34.44 days), green leaf area (92.50%) and proline content (0.59 and 1.28 mg g -1) were recorded at tasseling and grain filling stage, respectively under well-irrigated conditions. Foliar spraying of ZnO (100 ppm) and MnO (20 ppm) nanocomposite, registered higher root biomass (24.21 and 32.11 g/plant), leaf nitrogen (44.6 and 39.1), dry matter production, green leaf area, lowest proline content which ultimately resulted in a higher number of cobs/plant, number of grains row/cob, number of grains/grain row, test weight (1000 grains weight), shelling percentage, crop water use (18.79 kg/ha/mm), grain yield (8.20 t/ha), stover yield (12.2 t/ha) and benefit cost ratio of 2.4. Thus, it could be concluded that well-irrigated condition followed by foliar spray with ZnO (100 ppm) and MnO (20 ppm) registered higher growth, yield attributes, yield, and economics
Evaluation of sour-type pomegranate germplasm for field performance, fruit yield and anardana quality attributes
Get PDFThirty-one sour-type pomegranate genotypes have been evaluated for growth, fruit yield, physico-chemical attributes and anardana quality in randomized complete block design under hot arid climate. Germplasm CIAH PG-1 had highest fruit number/plant 46.92 as well as fruit yield 12.40kg/plant, followed by Gul-e-Shah R. Pink (42.74 fruit number/plant and 10.98kg/plant) and Tujetis EC-104347 (42.75 fruit number/plant and 9.96kg/plant). The highest fruit weight 263.84g was also recorded in CIAH PG-1. The highest aril content (67.71%) was observed in CIAH PG-1 which was statistically at par with Khog and Bedana Seedless. The highest juice acidity was recorded in Tujetis EC-104347 (3.57%), statistically alike CIAH PG-1 (3.50%). The lowest dehydration ratio was observed in CIAH PG-A-3 (2.23), comparable to CIAH PG-A-5 (2.31). Maximum anardana recovery was reported in CIAH PG-1 (2.23kg/plant) which was followed by Tujetis EC-104347 (1.93kg/plant) and Gul-e-Shah Rose Pink (1.82kg/plant). The anardana acidity ranged from 4.63 to 7.99% and the promising germplasms with more than 7% acidity were AHPG H-2, Tujetis EC-104347, CIAH PG-1, Khog, Gul-e-Shah, IC-318712 and Tabest. Based on nine points hedonic scale, CIAH PG-1 received the highest overall acceptable sensory score of 8.67, followed by Tujetis EC-104347 and Gul-e-Shah R. Pink at 8.37 and 8.23 respectively. In conclusion, CIAH PG-1 demonstrated exceptional performance across various matrices, including field performance, anardana recovery, quality and sensory attributes, which establishes it asthe superior choice for quality anardana production. Tujetis EC-104347 and Gul-e-Shah R. Pink also observed suitable option for processing applications and valuable contributors to future breeding programs
Soil constraints and recommendations for improving major farming in Vinh Long province, Vietnam
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the potential of soil and its constraints for production to meet economic needs and diversify types of crop models of Vinh Long province in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta region. Identifying the main constraints of the soil is the basis for reasonable land arrangement and proposing measures to maintain and improve the soil characteristics suitable for each crop type and purpose of use. The study used survey methods, interviewed farmers about the current farming situation and collected soil samples to analyze physical and chemical properties. Research results show that in Vinh Long, for three main crops, namely rice, fruit trees (grapefruit trees) and sweet potatoes, the primary constraints are a potential and active acid sulfate and low pH soil. In addition, Al toxicity causes phosphorus fixation, the exchangeable K content is low and the organic matter is only moderate. These limitations have affected crop productivity, especially for fruit trees. The research results also recommended improving soil properties suitable for the cultivation of major crops, including controlling the water level so as not to oxidize the sulfidic material to active acid sulfate soils, draining the water at the beginning of the season rain to leach the toxicity in the soil and need to fertilize with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplements for a long time, divided into several times of application
Evaluation of enzymatic and agronomic characteristics and yield stability of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes under normal conditions and water deficit stress
Get PDFThis study evaluated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes for quantitative and qualitative characteristics under normal and water deficit conditions. The experimental design was a split plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Irrigation treatments (normal, water deficit stress) were assigned to the main plots, and 18 sugar beet genotypes were assigned to the subplots. The results showed that irrigation deficit increased the content of proline, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX) by 57.69%, 54.78%, 50.89%, and 55.56%, and decreased root and white sugar yield by 21.35% and 11.93%, compared with normal irrigation, respectively. Under normal irrigation, genotype F-20734 produced the highest yield of white sugar, followed by genotype F-20851. However, genotype F-20851 had the maximum white sugar yield under water deficit. The results of AMMI analysis based on root yield indicate that 62.12%, 12.70%, and 2.21% of the total data variance were accounted for by the additive effects of genotype and environment and the multiplicative effect of G×E, respectively. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV), the F-20814 genotype was recognized as a stable variety with acceptable root yield in four environments. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV) and GGE analysis, genotype F-20814 achieved acceptable root yield and yield stability compared to other genotypes. According to the MTSI index, genotypes F-20734 and F-20851 exhibited stability across all traits and environments studied. Considering all the indicators, the F-20851 genotype can be suitable for cultivation in areas where plants face different periods and intensities of water shortage stress
Identification and characterization of genes that regulate flowering in pigeon pea (Cajanaus cajan): An in-silico exploration
Get PDFPigeon pea is a versatile pulse crop extensively cultivated across Latin America, Asia and Africa. It serves as a rich source of protein and fibre. The life cycle of this annual crop is significantly influenced by the timing of flowering, which affects both seed production and the overall growth period. Variation in flowering time is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, making it a crucial adaptive trait in flowering plants. In this study, we aim to understand how the genetics of pigeon pea plants regulate their flowering time.
We employed 2 methods, HMM profile search and standalone BLAST search, to identify genes involved in flowering regulation in pigeon pea. Protein sequences of 6 known flowering regulators from Arabidopsis and related plants were retrieved from the NCBI database. The entire set of protein sequences from pigeon pea was used as the database for comparison. The top hits with more than 30 % identity and known conserved domains were considered true orthologs, resulting in the identification of 6 pigeon pea genes: CcFrigida, CcFrigida Like1, CcFrigida Like2, CcFrigida Es-sential1, CcTerminal Flowering1 and CcTerminal Flowering2. Through a thorough review, we identified floral repressive genes, such as FLC and its activators, as significant targets for promoting early flowering in plants.
Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of MADS-box genes in flower development, we still lack sufficient information about flowering genes and their specific impact on flowering traits in pigeon pea. This investigation will provide details about the biological basis of adaptive traits in this important pulse crop by examining flowering genes in pigeon pea
Introgression profiling of F4 population derived from the cross of Zea mays × Teosinte spp. Mexicana using SSR markers
Get PDFTo increase the production of crops together with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, germplasm enrichment is much more important in any breeding programme. Exploitation of Teosinte and Tripsacum, the wild relatives of maize, as the sources of novel genes to improve resiliency, adaptability and productivity in maize, has been documented. In the present study, teosinte was used in the crossing programme. The experiment material comprised 109 RILs derived from Teosinte spp. mexicana and popcorn. Using SSR markers, the introgression profiling of teosinte-derived maize F4 population (109 maize-teosinte derivatives). Morphological characterization for different parameters, i.e., days to maturity, number of cobs, number of tillers, seed rows per cob and cob length, showed significant variation among all the traits studied. The highest significant positive correlation was observed between the number of rows per cob and cob length. Introgression profiles of different lines were inferred from the consensus of genotypic and morphological data, which revealed that the marker bnlg1297 was common among the lines that exhibit a higher number of tillers and cobs. Therefore, these specific genomic regions might be associated with these traits. Thus, these results showed different parental contributions, which leads to diversification in the progenies derived from diverse crosses in maize. Further, such crosses appear crucial for producing germplasm for which breeders are looking
Investigating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential of Ononis natrix L. with phytochemical analyses
Get PDFOnonis natrix L. (O. natrix) belongs to Fabaceae family and ?grows on the coast of Mediterranean Sea. The current study aims to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of the methanolic extract of O. natrix and identify the phytochemical constituents responsible for these effects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to characterize the phytochemicals found in the extract. The human red blood cells (RBCs) membrane stabilization method, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and MTT viability assay were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. The results showed that methyl stearate (39.48%) and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (35.61%) were the most relatively abundant phytochemicals identified by GC-MS. The % hemolysis inhibition for RBC membrane achieved by O. natrix extract was 99.6 ± 1% versus that by indomethacin was 99.9 ± 0.6%. Additionally, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of O. natrix extract versus ascorbic acid was 97 ± 0.3% and 98 ± 0.2%, respectively. The O. natrix extract showed a lower anti-cancer activity against DLD-1 cells (IC50 = 57.13±4.9 µg/mL), MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 96.69±6.2 µg/mL) and A549 cells (IC50 = 126.63±10.4 µg/mL), when compared with the anti-cancer drug; Cisplatin. Therefore, O. natrix extract showed significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, which could be attributed to methyl stearate and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester constituents
Changes in carbon sequestration with age of trees in guava orchards at different locations in a tropical climate on Alfisols
Get PDFUnderstanding changes in carbon (C) fluxes resulting from land-use change patterns is essential for formulating effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study conducted at two different locations focuses on the dynamics of carbon sequestration in guava orchards as a function of tree age, a land-use type that is increasingly prevalent in agricultural regions. Through comprehensive sampling in different agro-climatic zones, the carbon content stored in tree biomass, litter, weeds and soil layers was assessed, the evaluation of which provided insights into carbon levels in different environmental contexts. Carbon sequestration was observed to increase with guava orchard age, with mean carbon stocks of 106.84 t C/ha in Dhenkanal and 114.35 t C/ha in Rayagada. In guava orchards aboveground carbon accounted for 21.22% and 22.38% of total carbon sequestered per hectare at the recommended spacing of 6 × 6 m in Dhenkanal and Rayagada, respectively. Our findings provide critical baseline data on carbon stocks in guava orchards as a function of tree age, contributing to the understanding of the carbon cycle in these cultivated ecosystems. This study highlights the importance of region-specific data, and suggests future research to include guava orchards in other regions with larger sample sizes to comprehensively assess carbon sequestration potential nationwide
Soil-driven physiological and biometric traits in Ceiba pentandra (L. Gaertn) via cleft grafting and seed propagation in Southern India
Get PDFCeiba pentandra, a multipurpose tree species, is widely utilized in agroforestry and afforestation projects. Evaluating its growth in diverse soil types via sexual and asexual propagation is essential for its promotion in various ecological regions. Thus, the current study was carried out to assess the growth of kapok in Tamil Nadu black soil and red laterite soil. Seeds for sexual propagation and scion wood for asexual propagation (cleft grafting) of Ceiba pentandra were obtained from four superior trees in Coimbatore and Theni districts. Six-month-old nursery-raised seedlings were used as rootstock. Seeds were sown and cleft grafting was conducted in February 2023. Both seedlings and grafts were transplanted to two study locations in September 2023. Significant variations in biometric parameters among different sources, soil types and propagation techniques were observed. CP-29 ramet recorded maximum height, volume index, greater photosynthetic rate and relative water content. Significant correlations between growth attributes and physiological traits were documented in the current study. Positive correlation between photosynthetic rate, number of leaves and stomatal conductance were noted. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that principal component 1 (PC1) accounted for 59.7% of the total variability and PC2 accounted for 35.1%. Ramets established through cleft grafting in black soil have shown favourable growth. Thus, the CP29 and MTP01 exhibited superior performances based on growth traits