Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Incompliance of Law no. 23 of 2014 on Local Governments and Law no. 6 of 2014 on Villages Related to the Role of Local Governments in Supporting Village Development
Get PDFLaw Number 6 of 2014 on Villages state that the Village has the authority to regulate its own household, one of which is to provide welfare for the village community through community empowerment and village development in order to provide a prosperous life, so it is necessary to explore the local potential of the village. Several articles in Law Number 6 of 2014 on Villages, including Articles 112 to 115, highlight the importance of the role of Regional Governments in encouraging village development. Several articles in Law Number 6 of 2014 on Villages, including Articles 112 to 115, highlight the importance of the role of Local Governments in encouraging village development. Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government, which is one of the legal underpinnings for regional government regulations, is unclear and contradicts Law Number 6 of 2014. Furthermore, except from offering technical guidelines, Law Number 23 of 2014 Ruling Local Government does not specify how the sectoral sector (regional apparatus) at the district level might collaborate with villages in the provision of basic services. Community and Village Empowerment Services are solely entrusted to village affairs (PMD). This poses challenges on the ground, which reduces local government support for village development.
Bank Credit to Agricultural Sector and its Productivity in Ethiopia
Get PDF This study, efforts were empirically to inspect the long-run association of total outstanding bank credit to the agriculture sector and its productivity in Ethiopia by employing a co-integrated VAR model technique, with annual data running from 1981–2015 agricultural productivity and total bank credit to the agricultural sector as variables of interest, and real government capital expenditure on agriculture, rural population, and seasonal break (dummy) as supplementary variables. A 1% permanent increase in agricultural bank credit was linked to a 0.13 percent increase in agricultural productivity. The speed of the adjustment coefficient was found to be negative and significant with 0.515 values, indicating that 51.5 percent of the deviation from long-run equilibrium caused by a disturbance and/or a shock in the system was eliminated within a year. Unlike to previous studies the financial development-economic growing nexus, there exist the absence of empirical research on causal association between agriculture productivity and bank credit to sector, at least as per the literature review for this study in Ethiopia. In summary, small-holder farmers in particular, and agro-industrial-based entrepreneurs in general, were excluded from bank credit in Ethiopia for a long time.
Role of Environmental Uncertainty in the Effect of Innovativeness and Sustainability in Supply Chain on a Company’s Performance
Get PDFThe acceleration of industrialization in parallel with the increasing world population has facilitated humanity’s use of natural resources in an extravagant, uncontrolled and even ruthless manner. Sustainability is a philosophy that aims to put an end to this tendency, ensure that these resources are used in a more controlled manner, and minimize, or if possible, eliminate damage on the nature. It is essential for organizations, especially export companies, to determine the maturity levels in sustainable supply chain approach and make the necessary improvements in order to achieve competitive advantage. As a result of digitalization, enterprises, which establish the right partnership relationship management scenarios create competitive advantages for themselves. In this study, the importance of innovation even in an environment of uncertainty and the contribution of sustainable supply chain management on the exporter performance was analysed. The study is developed based on the question: “What is the role of environmental certainty or innovativeness in the relationship between sustainable supply chain management and the exporter company performance?”
Regulating Oil and Gas Resources between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar: Is it a Legal Challenge?
Get PDFThis study analyses legal challenges of the system of laws regulating oil and gas resources between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. The article reviewed existing laws regulating oil and gas resources and identified that the law provides different system for regulating oil and gas resources between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. It further examines whether regulating laws are adequate to regulate oil and gas resources without resulting into new challenges. The findings show that, the duo system of laws regulating oil and gas resources between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar suffers from practical and operational challenges such as: Ownership and Control of Oil and Gas Resources, differences in Regulatory Institutions, powers to issuance of exploration licenses, challenges relating to legislative authority over oil and gas, Challenges relating to exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources, and challenges relating to oil and gas revenue sharing between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. The data for this study, were sourced from legal documents such as: statutes, legal text, court decisions, government bills and plicies and from government ministries, officials from regulatory institutions, members of the parliament, legal practitioners (advocates), investors in the oil and gas sector, and NGOs from both parts of the Union. Documentary reviews and field interviews were used as data collection methods. Based on the findings from data analysis, the researcher propose potential mechanisms to enable the United Republic of Tanzania (Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar) to explore and exploit oil and gas resources without resulting into resource conflict. Therefore, the study recommends for laws regulating oil and gas resources to be amended, to provide coordinating committee among institutions, harmonization of laws governing oil and gas resources, to establish oil and gas revenues sharing system, and oil and gas to remain union resource
Impact of Electricity Consumption on Ethiopian Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis
Get PDFElectricity consumption plays a vital role in achieving sustainable economic growth. This study attempts to investigate the impact of electricity consumption on Ethiopian economic growth, time-series data was ranging from 1980 to 2018. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) was developed for the data analysis. The results of ARDL revealed that the economic growth was significantly affected by electricity consumption, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and electricity price both in the long run and short run. While also affected by urbanization and government consumption in the long run. The speed of adjustment revealed that 60.12% of the short-run adjustment is made per year towards long-run equilibrium. Water, mine, and energy office should give important attention to electricity wastage control and integrated monitoring strategies to electricity consumption which are crucial for improving Ethiopian economic growth. The summary of electricity consumption by policymakers and plan designers could bring better improvement on economic growth
The Urgence Of Expert Witness Certification In Criminal Cases
Get PDFThis research is a normative legal research. Expert witnesses are needed in the trial process to provide clarity regarding the evidence presented in the trial process. For this reason, every person who will provide testimony as an expert witness in a trial must have a certificate of expertise as an expert witness, which is given by the Supreme Court or an official institution that obtains permission from the Supreme Court. The goal is that the information given at the trial can be justified legally and morally. Mistakes in providing information in court can be detrimental to the parties in litigation
The EU-Korea Panel Peport: A Watershed Moment for the Trade-Labor Nexus or Mere Symbolic Victory?
Get PDFThere have been increased calls to link international trade law more pertinently with labor and environmental standards in recent years. This has seen a rise in the number of regional trade agreements incorporating labor standards. However, states have long appeared to be reluctant to seek enforcement of the labor standards through trade agreements. The EU-Korea panel report, considered in this contribution, is the first trade panel to hold a state to have breached labor standards in a trade agreement. This contribution reflects on this important decision and what it means for the trade-labor nexus in the future. However, this contribution also acknowledges the lack of enforcement mechanisms and questions whether trade tribunals with limited enforcement powers will be any more successful than the ILO in promoting compliance with international labor standards
The Effect of Organizational Commitment on Firm Performance: Intergenerational Differences
Get PDFThe main purpose of this research is to determine the effects of the sub-dimensions of organizational commitment (affective, continuance, and normative) on the concept of firm performance. Another aim of the study is to determine whether the sub-dimensions of organizational commitment differ in intergenerational. Within the scope of this aim, employees in banking sector were identified as “population”. This survey was applied to 209 employees in the banking sector in April 2021. Survey results were analyzed by the SPSS-20 program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that affective commitment does not have a significant effect on firm performance. It has been shows that continuance commitment has a negative and significant effect on firm performance. Also, normative commitment has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Finally, it was concluded that there was no difference in the affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment levels of bank employees belonging to the X and Y generations
Investigating the Socio-Economic Consequences of Artificial Intelligence: A Qualitative Research
Get PDFIt is without any doubt that artificial intelligence (AI) is set to radically disrupt humankind in various dimensions. The global economy is one of the dimensions in which AI is about to have an unsettling effect. Furthermore, AI is expected to change our societal structures in an unprecedented way. It might even change how humanity views concepts such as labour, education, and governance. However, there are conflicting predictions about those effects. Some scholars predict positive socio-economic effects. Conversely, other scholars remain fairly pessimistic. This research attempts to reconcile the gap between AI hype and AI reality by offering insight on AI’s potential impact on issues such as employment and economic growth and to highlight the ethical issues that already raise concerns for the future. This article determines the dimensions in which AI is about to have the most disruptive effect in a socioeconomic context. Semi-structured interviews with seasoned industry experts, academicians, and futurists with extensive knowledge of AI have been carried out for this purpose
Fueling Relational Energy? Proposing Psycap and Humor as Potential Antescendents
Get PDFThis study investigates relational energy within work context from the angle of potential ways to increase it and its associated benefits. Starting from two main streams of positivity at work, POS and POB, and based upon interaction ritual theory, social contagion theory, and conservation of resources theory, this work proposes PsyCap and humor as two prospective means of achieving this goal. In other words, it argues PsyCap and positive humor can positively impact the relational energy between an individual’s supervisors, followers, or coworker and herself, which in turn, can have various benefits for organizational members’ wellbeing and performance, including during the COVID-19 setbacks