Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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The United Republic of Tanzania and Conventions on Carriage of Passengers, Cargo and Baggage by Air Aviation: A Historical Study
Get PDFTransportation of both passengers and goods, in URT, has become a very important and paramount issue since the inception and commencement of the air aviation law in URT and the world in general. Several attempts have been made by partners’ states, that in the beginning, started and initiated a milestone journey to the point where the aviation law regime has reached today. The enactment of international laws governing the aviation industry had gone through several stages. With several challenges encountered and evidenced for several years, transportation of passengers and goods has become a must and paramount. URT as a party to several international air rules and Conventions, aircraft from within and outside URT, have utilized both domestic as well international conventions in ensuring that passengers and goods are transported within and all over the world and their safety and life are well safeguarded through air laws applicable within URT. This research article is aimed at examining various international conventions applicable to URT. The article generally attempts at showing the historical evidence on the carriage of passengers through various conventions to which URT is a party, and how transportation of passengers and goods has become possible. The research article also covers the issues of liabilities for air carriers operating in URT with a special focus on the Conventions that are applicable in URT and the extent of compensation that those Conventions guarantee as a result of personal or bodily injuries or loss of passengers’ goods that seem to be harmonized with current domestic aviation laws in URT.
A Brief Comparative Study between Indonesian Contract Law Under Indonesian Civil Code and Singapore Contract Law
Get PDFAgreements or familiarly known as contracts is the basis for various aspects of business activities. Contracts in the Indonesian Civil Code (ICC) are called agreements, which is one of the sources of engagement whose provisions are the subject of Book III concerning Contracts of ICC. The experts on contract law, diametrically have divided their views on the term ‘agreement’ with ‘contracts’. According to Peter Mahmud Marzuki as quoted by Agus Yudha Hernoko, he provided a critical view of the differences between these terms, namely: In the Anglo-American mindset, an agreement in Dutch is known as overeenkomst and in English it is known as an agreement which has a broader meaning than a contract, due to the fact that it includes matters relating to business or non-business. Therefore, Agreements related to business are called contracts, while those that are not related to business are only called agreements. Based on the results of the comparative study, it is known that the contract law arrangements in the ICC are not as complete and not as up-to-date as Singapore's contract law. This is because since the ICC was first promulgated in Indonesia, it has never been modernized. In order to minimize legal problems, both due to empty and vague norms, the results of the comparison of contract law can help construct additional arrangements both for a holistic-comprehensive study of contract law and for making business contracts that are required to be updated
Initial Public Offering Effects on Volatility in US Stock Market
Get PDFThis paper aims to investigate the effect of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on stock market volatility in the United States using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. The study utilizes daily data from January 2020 to October 2022 on the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) and IPO firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) their IPO dates during the same period. The GARCH model is employed to estimate the volatility of the S&P 500 index stock prices after the IPOs announcements during the first day, first five days, and first ten days. The study finds that IPOs significantly impact volatility in the US market, and the effect is more pronounced in the short term. We discovered that IPOs after their announcements during the first five days have a negative impact on other stock prices in the S&P500 index. The effects are stronger for the first day of initial public offering come to the market while there is a negative impact on the 10th day of IPOs in the market but it is not statistically significant. The downward-sloping demand curve hypothesis is supported by these findings. These results have important implications for investors, market regulators, and policymakers. Investors should be aware of the potential for increased volatility during periods of IPO activity and adjust their investment strategies accordingly. Market regulators may need to consider implementing measures to mitigate the impact of IPOs on market volatility. Policymakers may also need to consider the potential economic effects of IPOs and the associated increase in market volatility to ensure a stable and efficient stock market
Challenges of Humanitarian Logistics on disaster management: The experience of Corona Pandemic in Tanzania
Get PDFDespite the government of Tanzania's multiple measures to combat the coronavirus epidemic, there is still a lot of misery and human death that is recorded from time to time. The goal of this research was to determine the role of coordination, transportation, and information and communication technology in the performance of humanitarian operations during the coronavirus pandemic and to give recommendations for how to improve it. The data was collected via a questionnaire from a sample of six referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam and the Coastal Region using quantitative methodologies and an explanatory research methodology. Using descriptive data analysis, the mean and standard deviation of the findings were computed, and the data were then summarized using frequency distribution tables before being analyzed using a multiple regression model. All independent factors demonstrated a significant positive relationship with humanitarian relief performance, including coordination, transportation, and information communication technology (p0.05). For better humanitarian relief operation performance, the study recommended that referral hospitals management ensure that there are adequate facilities for distribution of relief requirements, the required materials/ facilities arrive on time and adequate ICT facilities for coordination of all stakeholders in the relief operation
Measuring the Potential Economic Impact of a Japan–US Free Trade Agreement: Can It Enable the US to Eliminate Its Trade Deficit in Goods with Japan?
Get PDFJapan and the US are two major global trading partners that have at times been at odds regarding each other’s international trade policies. In particular, the ongoing US trade deficit in goods with Japan has been one of the primary disputes between Japan and the US. However, the recent withdrawal of the US from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) sent a clear signal that the US would take a new approach to international trade issues and has potentially paved the way for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) with the remaining TPP countries, including Japan. This paper contributes to the debate on the potential economic impact of a Japan–US FTA (JUFTA) by evaluating whether it could enable the US to eliminate its trade deficit in goods with Japan. To do this, we measure the potential impact of a JUFTA using a dynamic Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. We find that a JUFTA is unlikely to enable the US to eliminate its trade deficit in goods with Japan, although the deficit will certainly decrease as a result
A Study on Health Tourism, The Rising Value in Services Exports of Turkey
Get PDFAfter import substitution policies in the 1980s Türkiye, which implemented an export-led growth model in foreign trade, has made important strides in balancing the current account deficit in goods trade after the 2000s with services exports led by tourism and transportation services. In particular, serious developments have been achieved since 2012 with various steps and support mechanisms taken to increase the foreign exchange revenues obtained from service trade and to make them sustainable. The fact that health tourism, which is considered a sub-branch of tourism activities, is one of the leading sectors that benefit from supports as a foreign exchange earning activity, is considered to be an indicator of the importance of this issue. Turkey, with its health system infrastructure equipped with modern medical devices and experienced / competent health personnel, has given a relatively successful exam under pandemic conditions and has reinforced its image as an assertive and important destination in terms of health tourism. Within the scope of the author's doctoral thesis on Service Export and Health Tourism, the findings obtained from the focus group discussions on the strengths and weaknesses of Turkey's health tourism, the steps to be taken towards branding and the future trends are summarized in this study and it is aimed to shed light on the future studies on this subject.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Orientation and Export Performance: Evidence from Turkey
Get PDFExporting is a strategic way of accessing international markets for many companies. However, operating successfully can be challenging because of the highly competitive and dynamic business environment. Therefore, how to be a successful and competitive exporter and how to use its scarce resources and capabilities is a matter of great importance. All international activities can be considered entrepreneurial since they contain a combination of risk and innovation that are crucial to creating value. As a company’s prominent resource and capability, entrepreneurship orientation captured the attention of many researchers in the field of international business. Based on the dynamic capability and resource-based view, the purpose of this research is to further investigate the impact of entrepreneurship orientation on export performance and more specifically to examine and highlight the effectiveness and the effect of each dimension of entrepreneurship orientation on export performance. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 70 managers of exporting companies in Turkey to reveal the relationship among the constructs in question. The study’s results supported the positive relationship of proactiveness and innovativeness dimensions on export performance. According to the results of the research, some insights were suggested to contribute to exporters to identify and reinforce their entrepreneurial behaviors as well as to recognize the contribution of each entrepreneurship orientation dimension and develop it accordingly for better export performance
Understanding Pancasila in Social Life: Study of the Balai Kerajaan Saksi–Saksi Yehuwa and the Free Catholic Church of st. Bonifacius Surabaya
Get PDFThis research is an empirical juridical research, namely the method or procedure used to solve the problem in this research by collecting and processing primary data first and then analyzing it based on secondary data. The primary data analysis in question is an analysis of the data obtained directly by the researchers themselves in the field, namely Jehovah's Witness Surabaya and the Surabaya Free Catholic Church which were used as locations in this study. Meanwhile, secondary data analysis is an analysis of the legislation, literature and legal documentation relating to the formulation of the problem. Interviews were conducted by meeting directly with the informants and in the process of researching the quantity of informants and respondents. Pancasila must be interpreted in a broad scope. Pancasila as an ideology is the main thing in Indonesia along with the legality of the Balai Kerajaan Saksi Yehuwa and the Free Catholic Church. This must also have the support of Balai Kerajaan Saksi Yehuwa and the Free Catholic Church where information disclosure will be effective when there is resistance from the community
Opportunities and Threats Analysis of Industry 4.0 under the Concept: Neo-Ludism
Get PDFIndustrial revolutions have played very important roles on the business world, the public and non-governmental organizations, which are defined as the third sector today, and have caused differences. The first industrial revolution and the fourth revolution at the beginning of the twenty-first century, in terms of leaving a structural and lasting impact, leave more radical traces than the others. In terms of both revolutions, "technological unemployment" and "technological unemployment anxiety", which are the most important macro variables, are common aspects. Every industrial revolution has social, economic, political, technological, legal and environmental effects. In this study, by making a literature review on technological unemployment, which is one of the most important parameters of the social and economic factors created by Industry 4.0, which is known as the fourth industrial revolution and still continues its process in the period of this study, strengths and weaknesses are discussed, opportunities and threats are evaluated and a SWOT analysis was made. By working on new business models, the concept of neo-Ludimz was introduced with a different perspective
Job Crafting in Logistics Employees: A Model Proposition
Get PDFThis study investigates job crafting and makes contributions to management and logistics literature. The first contribution is theoretical. Job crafting is a crucial concept in organizations for today’s employee. However, there is inconsistencies among job crafting conceptualizations. Secondly job crafting has been examined in aspect of logistics employees. In this conceptual study a model has been proposed. Accordingly, we propose a relationship between environmental turbulence and job crafting. Further, this study proposes the associations among job crafting and health and performance (i.e., task performance and contextual performance)