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Coupled Aerothermal Prediction of Ablative Hypersonic Re-entry Vehicles with Ansys Fluent and Ansys Thermal Desktop
No full textShoaib Shah, Ansys UK, United KingdomDaniel Navajas Ortega, Ansys Iberia, SpainICES207: Thermal and Environmental Control Engineering
Analysis and SoftwareThe 54th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Prague, Czechia, on 13 July 2025 through 17 July 2025.Thermal ablation is a critical process in aerospace
engineering, particularly for the design and operation of
launch vehicles and re-entry systems. Ablative Thermal
Protection Systems (TPS) are essential for protecting
hypersonic re-entry vehicles from intense heating during
re-entry. Designing TPS through ground and flight testing
is not only challenging but also costly. High-fidelity
numerical simulations offer a valuable alternative for
studying aerothermal heating, especially under radiative
and thermo-chemical non-equilibrium conditions, and for
evaluating the thermal response of heatshield materials. In
this study, we validate our computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) approach and results against experimental data
obtained at the IHF arc-jet facility at NASA Ames Research
Center, focusing on a carbon-based nose tip for a re-entry
vehicle. Different approaches to thermal ablation modelling
are explored using Ansys Fluent’s density-based coupled
(DBNS) CFD solver and Ansys Thermal Desktop (TD). TD, a 3D
thermal simulation tool, simulates material recession in
one dimension based on applied heat from melting or
sublimation, without considering in-surface heat transfer.
While material recession is modelled by removing mass and
energy, the shape of the model remains unchanged as the
sublimated or melted material is shed from the surface.
This method simplifies ablation physics, making it useful
for fast simulations in early design stages. Additionally,
an optimized, adaptable, loosely coupled aerothermal
ablation approach for both single flight conditions and
flight trajectories is proposed using Ansys System
Coupling, a Multiphysics co-simulation tool
The Relationship Between the Communication of Social Support, Loneliness, And Adult Attachment Styles Among International Students
Get PDFGlobalization has increased the number of students studying abroad, offering cultural and academic growth opportunities. Loneliness is a prevalent issue among international students, arising from cultural and language differences as well as the absence of familiar social networks, which can negatively affect their mental health and academic progress. Social support can act as a protective factor against loneliness, yet its effectiveness is influenced by individual attachment styles. This research examines the connection between social support, loneliness, and adult attachment styles among international students. Employing a quantitative research approach, data were gathered from 102 international students using surveys assessing social support satisfaction, attachment styles, and loneliness. The study's results show a significant negative correlation between social support satisfaction and loneliness, implying that students with greater satisfaction in their social support report lower loneliness. Securely attached students experience the least loneliness, whereas those with avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles report higher levels. The research reveals that attachment style does not have a notable effect on social support satisfaction. However, gender differences are evident, as female international students report higher loneliness levels than male students, even though their social support satisfaction remains similar. It is imperative that higher education institutions prioritize the development of an inclusive and supportive environment for international students with insecure attachment patterns. Social inclusion initiatives, culturally responsive counseling, and peer mentorship programs can all enhance the well- being of students. Understanding how social support, loneliness, and attachment styles interact can guide interventions to enhance mental health and academic success among international students
Misc. Darío and Modernismo Bib.
Get PDFThe Boyd Carter Papers represent a significant archival collection housed in the Hispanic Studies Collection in Texas Tech University's CMLL building. Dr. Boyd Carter was a distinguished scholar of Latin American literature who was active from the 1940s to his death in 1980. He held professorships at the University of Nebraska, Southern Illinois University, and the University of Missouri before concluding his career at Texas Tech University (1978-1980). Upon joining TTU, Carter donated his extensive archive to the university, including rare books, microfilm collections, bibliographical notes, and periodicals focusing on Latin American literature from 1850-1950, with particular emphasis on the famed Mexican writer Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera
Advances in the Development of the WRU - An Integrated System to Recover Potable Water from Urine and Condensate
Get PDFJörg Vogel, Aquaporin A/S, DenmarkKarolina Jastrembska, Aquaporin A/S, DenmarkMaja Bender Tommerup, Danish Aerospace Company A/S, DenmarkJason A. Ogden, Danish Aerospace Company A/S, DenmarkICES303: Physico-Chemical Life Support- Water Recovery &
Management Systems- Technology and Process DevelopmentThe 54th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Prague, Czechia, on 13 July 2025 through 17 July 2025.The Water Recovery Unit (WRU) is based on an open loop
triple circulation system with two-stage filtration. The
first stage, based on forward osmosis (FO), separating
water from the contaminated urine/condensate mix by a draw
solution is followed by a second stage of direct contact
membrane distillation (DCMD) that separates the clean water
from the draw solution and thus provides the FO system with
the reconstituted working solution and clean product water
for consumption.
The latest update presented at ICES 2023 addressed
challenges in MD flux and membrane and draw lifetime. This
work was part of a de-risk project sponsored by ESA and was
brought to conclusion in November 2023. The paper will
present the major findings of this de-risk project and the
resulting updates to pre-treatment and system design. One
major update was the change to DCMD and the resulting
significantly higher flux that the system could deliver.
The acidification and pre-treatment procedures have been
optimized and a continuing project focusses on building a
full breadboard model. The advances in this will also be
presented.
Work on the MD subunit was continued throughout 2024 and in
October 2024 ESA approved the continuation of the project
with the aim of further developing the concept and
constructing a full breadboard system. The paper and
presentation will for ICES 2025 will include these further
developments
Investigation of water treatment residues as corrosion inhibitors in acidic environment
Get PDFThe present research focuses on the valorization of residues from the treatment of colored wastewater as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in a 1 M HCl medium. These residues are derived from Aleppo pine fibers treated with Maxilon Blue dye (RFPABM) and Eriochrome Black dye (RFPANE). The study evaluated their corrosion inhibition performance using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) was employed to analyze the surface morphology of the mild steel samples. The results demonstrated significant inhibition efficiencies of 84.3% for crude Aleppo pine fiber extract (FPA), 90.5% for RFPABM, and 90.1% for RFPANE at an optimal concentration of 1 g/L. The polarization studies identified these extracts as mixed-type inhibitors, effectively reducing both anodic and cathodic reactions. EIS analysis revealed a decrease in double-layer capacitance (Cdl) with increasing inhibitor concentration, indicating robust adsorption of the inhibitors on the steel surface and the formation of a protective barrier. Adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the adsorption of FPA and RFPABM on the mild steel surface follows both Langmuir and Temkin models, suggesting monolayer adsorption with possible lateral interactions between adsorbed molecules. In contrast, RFPANE strictly adhered to the Langmuir model, indicating uniform adsorption sites without significant interactions between adsorbed molecules. SEM–EDX analysis corroborated these findings by revealing smoother and less corroded surfaces in the presence of inhibitors compared to the uninhibited sample, which exhibited severe degradation. The protective film formed by the inhibitors was rich in oxygen and carbon, confirming the presence of adsorbed organic compounds from the extracts
Approach for Defining an Acceptable Threshold Range for Smoke Detection in the HALO Environment
Get PDFRobert Van Hassel, Northrop Grumman Corporation, United StatesMarit E. Meyer, Northrop Grumman Corporation, United StatesCatherine Keen, Paragon Space Development Corporation, United StatesICES509: Fire Safety in Spacecraft and Enclosed HabitatsThe 54th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held in Prague, Czechia, on 13 July 2025 through 17 July 2025.In the pursuit of human space exploration, the safety of
the crew is paramount. Environmental Control and Life
Support Systems are a unique aspect of human spaceflight
that contribute to the myriad of problems requiring
engineering solutions. Before being able to solve these
problems, the first step is to properly define their
boundaries. As with all human rated vehicles, the Artemis
program, and by extension the Habitation And Logistics
Outpost (HALO), will need to address fire detection. Though
the approach to fire detection is complex, frequently smoke
detection is a useful and necessary aspect of the solution.
However, smoke detection in zero-G is not simple; It’s a
multi-faceted problem dependent on numerous variables,
ensuring that there is no “one size fits all” answer to the
problem. In the development of HALO’s smoke detection
solution, it was quickly identified that there is little
guidance available for properly scoping the needs of a
smoke detection device. This paper looks at existing
documentation published from past experiments at the Glenn
Research Center and, using the data from those papers,
identifies a method for determining an acceptable smoke
particulate concentration at which a smoke detector should
alert. The approach is intended to identify a threshold at
which smoke detectors can alert smoke presence in a defined
cabin volume before crew health is jeopardized by the
hazardous smoke by-products generated from smoke events, as
defined by the NASA Spacecraft Maximum Allowable
Concentration (SMAC) tables
Likes, Looks, and Learning: Associations of Adolescent Engagement in Disordered Eating with Parent, Sibling, Peer, and Social Media Influences
Get PDFThe present study investigates how parents, siblings, friends, and social media serve as risk or protective factors related to adolescents’ engagement in disordered eating utilizing social learning theory and the tripartite model of body image and eating disturbances as guiding frameworks. Utilizing data from the Texas Siblings Study, a 3-year longitudinal study investigating family influences on adolescent development, the study sought to evaluate: (1) parent, peer, and sibling closeness in addition to social media appearance anxiety as predictors of disordered eating behaviors and cognitions, and (2) how eating and appearance-related commentary mediate the association between parent/sibling relationship closeness and adolescent disordered eating. Path analysis results highlighted that above initial disordered eating, friendship closeness and social media appearance anxiety served as risk factors for engagement in disordered eating, and sibling closeness as a protective factor. Parent closeness was not significantly related, and sibling or parent commentary were not significant mediators between closeness and disordered eating. While the current study provides mixed findings, it does provide further evidence for differing impacts of social influences on disordered eating. Furthermore, the current study adds to the literature through the inclusion of siblings as influences, longitudinal investigation, and observing relational dynamics (i.e., closeness) as potential risk or protective factors
Investigation On Food Assistance Programs and Dietary Behavior Among Texas Tech Students, A Case Study of Raiders Red’s Food Pantry
No full textBackground: Food insecurity (FI) is a complex issue in the United States (US) and is highly prevalent among college students. This has led to the implementation of various food assistance programs on US campuses. However, there is still an increasing level of FI despite establishing a university food pantry on Texas Tech University (TTU) campus. Also, there is limited evidence to show how the usage of campus food pantries contributes to reducing food insecurity among US college students. This study assessed the prevalence of FI among campus food pantry users, determined dietary intake, and how pantry usage influenced dietary behavior, perception, and lived experiences of users regarding access and utilization of the campus food pantry at TTU.
Methods: A mixed-method study design was used for this study. Participants were frequent Raider Red food pantry (RRFP) users who were ≥18 years old. The quantitative assessments in the form of a self-administered online questionnaire using a cross-sectional study design, and 460 frequent users of the campus pantry were recruited after consenting to study participation. Ethical approval was obtained from the Texas Tech Institutional Review Board, IRB2024-62. The online questionnaire included socio-demographic information (such as age, gender, marital status, student classification, student residence type), 6-item United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) household food security survey module, dietary and nutrition behavior, perception, and usage experience of the food pantry and dietary intake were assessed. The sociodemographic characteristics of participants were surveyed using the 12-questions from the 2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) survey. Food insecurity was measured using the 6-item USDA household food security survey module, pantry usage was evaluated using adopted food pantry usage scale with 4 close-ended questions from Liu et al. (2019). The perception of services received from Raider Red’s Food Pantry was measured using the 9-item perception scale for the food assistance programs adapted from the FAO 2015 survey. Participant dietary intake was measured using self-reported 24-hour dietary recall instrument from Kansas Medical Center Nutrition Clinic and analyzed using the Elizabeth Stewart Hands and Associates food processor assessment software. Also, dietary and nutrition behaviors were evaluated using the NHANES 2018 survey.
The food insecurity of participants was classified as high/ marginal, low, and very low food security and compared with the general student population in TTU. SPSS version 29 was used for descriptive statistics (including sociodemographic, food insecurity, perception, usage experience, dietary behavior, and dietary intake) SPSS 29 and inferential statistics to determine associations were done using R Version 4.4.1, at a two-sided test and P<0.05. The qualitative method, we conducted in-depth interviews among 20 participants. The interviews were done via Zoom, and transcripts from interviews were used to generate codes using thematic analysis. Two independent researchers concluded the five themes that emerged from developed codes using Nvivo 15, Windows.
Results: Most participants were 21-29 years,47% (216) and 51.1% were male. Overall, 66.7% were food insecure, among whom 37.2% (171) and 29.6% (136) had very low food security, and low food security, respectively. The prevalence of FI at 66.7% among pantry users was significantly higher than 53% of the campus-wide prevalence of FI at TTU. Participants' usage experiences with RRFP were strongly associated with their perception (χ² = 56.26, p < 0.001), and most students who rated their usage experience as poor primarily had a negative perception of the food pantries (51.3%). The percentage contribution of energy, fat, and carbohydrates from food obtained at RRFP was 38.1%, 45.4%, and 20.6%, of total dietary intake. The median dietary intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was lower among students in the low and very low food security (P<0.001). The analysis of dietary behavior and intake revealed that individuals who dined out or consumed fast foods, including pizza, for more than four times in a month had a higher fat intake and lower levels of vitamin E, folic acid, magnesium, and iron compared to those who did not eat out or consume fast foods. Qualitative findings revealed restrictions on pantry visits, unclear eligibility for pantry access, and limited access to diverse, nutrient-dense foods like meat, fruits, and vegetables, students’ hesitation to seek assistance from fear of being judged by peers as highlighted barriers. However, the welcoming reception by pantry staff was an enabler of student visits. Improvement suggestions were flexible opening hours, an increase in number of visits, and kinds of food available in the pantry. Most participants echoed the need for stable fresh produce, cultural and diverse food options on pantry shelves and have campus-wide campaigns on access to and normalizing the use of campus food assistance to reduce the social stigma associated with food pantry visits.
Conclusion: Food insecurity remains persistent among pantry users of Raider Red’s Food Pantry which may be attributed to significant associations of food insecurity with low-income levels (below $14,580), off-campus living conditions, marital status, and households with more than two dependents among the students who utilize Raider Red’s Food Pantry. Also, the experiences of pantry users showed significant concerns regarding the predominance of packaged and canned foods, and the perception that these foods do not encourage healthy dietary behavior, the pantry food items may help to alleviate food insecurity as it contributed more than one-third of the total energy intake and almost a third of the total protein intake on the day the survey was completed