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Improving Compliance with International Humanitarian Law in an Era of Maneuver War and Mission Command
No full textThe authors examine the challenges of applying humanitarian law in modern, decentralized military operations. The article explores how the principles of maneuver warfare and mission command can complicate adherence to legal obligations on the battlefield. Corn and Smotherman propose strategies to enhance training, command responsibility, and accountability to better ensure compliance with international norms. They emphasize the need for legal frameworks that adapt to evolving combat doctrines without compromising humanitarian protections. Ultimately, the article advocates for integrating law-of-war principles into contemporary military practices to safeguard civilians and maintain ethical conduct in armed conflict
Three Essays On Economics of Marriage Law
No full textThe first chapter examines the effect of unilateral-no-fault divorce laws on the divorce rate. Between 1970 and 1980, thirty-seven states enacted unilateral-no-fault divorce laws, prompting debate over their impact on family stability. This paper improves on prior studies by distinguishing between unilateral and broader no-fault reforms and applying a causal inference approach using a stacked-regression difference-in-differences estimator with entropy balancing. The findings show that unilateral-no-fault divorce laws had no significant or lasting effect on divorce or marriage rates in the years following their adoption.
The second chapter analyses bedding rituals, public ceremonies in which newlyweds were paraded to bed, often partially undressed before an audience, and were among the strangest institutions to prominently emerge in medieval and early modern Europe. I argue that these rituals were rational institutional responses to economic and legal challenges, designed to ensure legitimate succession, reduce information asymmetries, and enforce marital commitments in societies where concubinage was common and inheritance disputes were a concern. Over time, as the threat to succession diminished and guardianship concerns faded, bedding ceremonies lost their function, and eventually disappeared.
The third chapter examines the legal institution of criminal conversation in England, which allowed a husband to sue his wife's lover for monetary damages from the seventeenth century until 1857. A successful suit could serve as evidence in a petition to Parliament for divorce. Using rational choice theory, I argue that criminal conversation reduced violent forms of retribution like dueling and enabled collusion between parties seeking divorce. As these cases gained public attention, they began to damage the reputations of political elites. In response, criminal conversation was abolished as a tort, and divorce proceedings were taken over by the state
Structural Vulnerability and Health in Lubbock, Texas: The Power of Community Resilience
No full textIn the United States, significant health disparities persist between members of
marginalized and non-marginalized communities. These gaps are often linked to
differences in social determinants of health (SDOH), which are shaped by structural
vulnerabilities rooted in socioeconomic status (SES) and racial inequities. This study
sought to examine the differential impact of structural vulnerability on self-rated overall
health among long-term Lubbock County residents (i.e., those who have lived in
Lubbock County for 10+ years). Indicators of community resilience (i.e., perceived
community resilience, social capital, social connectedness) were examined as potential
moderators. Employing a multi-method approach, the study integrated publicly available
data from the 2022 Social Vulnerability Index with self-reported survey data from a
community-based sample (n = 188). Generalized linear and ordinal regression models
were used to assess variations in global health outcomes (i.e., self-rated general health
and average number of poor health days per month) across SES and racial/ethnic groups.
Findings indicated that higher levels of community resilience, particularly social capital
and connectedness, more effectively buffered the negative impact of structural
vulnerability on self-rated health among lower SES residents and Black and Hispanic
residents, compared to their higher SES and White counterparts. By highlighting the
protective role of community-level modifiable strengths, this research offers actionable
insights for developing interventions aimed at reducing health disparities through
community empowerment
Essays in Industrial Organization
No full textThis dissertation is about applied microeconomics and industrial organization. It covers consumer behavior and the impact of policy implementation. Three chapters are contained in this document.
The first chapter explores the impact of brand-level information contained in media advertising on consumer decision-making when purchasing non-durable experience goods. The effects of advertising via nationwide media on consumer choices are examined using a random coefficient discrete-choice model on the ready-to-eat cereal industry. Building on previous studies, a new group of instrumental variables is proposed for addressing endogeneity and incorporating demographic household information on the consumers who purchased.
The second chapter explores the impact of inflationary shocks on the decisions made by individual consumers regarding everyday purchasing decisions of nondurable goods that are repurchased regularly. This paper examines these purchasing decisions in response to the high inflation experienced in 2022 following the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining how individuals adjust their consumption patterns in response to price increases, this study offers valuable insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to understand better and respond to inflation-driven changes in purchasing behavior. A fixed effects model with instrumental variables is employed to address potential endogeneity, and the results reveal that the impact of inflation on households is not uniform. Instead, consumer responses vary significantly across demographic groups and product categories.
The third chapter explores the impact of second-generation rent control, also known as rent stabilization, on the housing market in the Twin Cities by using the two-way fixed difference-in-difference (DiD) approach and event study strategy. Rent regulations are differentiated in Saint Paul and Minneapolis, where the two cities are considered natural groups close enough to share similar demographic and geographic features, allowing for exploration of policy intervention on housing market indices over time. The study primarily focuses on the monthly home value affected by the rent stabilization at the neighborhood level. A triple difference-in-difference (DDD) model is employed for the robustness test
Sharing Legal Research Class Recording with Your Students
No full textThe aurthor explores the benefits and challenges of providing recorded legal research sessions to law students. The article discusses how recordings can enhance student learning by allowing review of complex research techniques and accommodating diverse learning styles. Nie examines concerns related to privacy, intellectual property, and academic integrity in the context of recording and sharing classroom content. The article offers practical recommendations for law schools and instructors to implement recordings effectively while addressing potential legal and ethical issues. Ultimately, Nie advocates for thoughtful use of technology to improve legal research education and student engagement
Get in the Flow: Policy Changes That Can Increase Texas's Surface Water Transfers
No full textthis article explores legal and regulatory barriers to efficient surface water transfers in Texas. The article examines how current policies limit the ability to reallocate water resources to meet growing demands and respond to drought conditions. Hardberger proposes targeted reforms aimed at streamlining transfer processes, enhancing water rights flexibility, and promoting sustainable management. She argues that these changes are essential to improving water availability and resilience across the state. Ultimately, the article advocates for pragmatic policy adjustments to better align Texas water law with contemporary environmental and economic challenges
“Künstliche Erfahrungswelten”–How Digital Technology is Mediating Human Experience
No full textExperience is a vital element of human cognition; therefore, to learn something new, humans need new experiences. How can the use of artifacts1, such as instruments and technologies contribute to this objective? The idea of a direct experience of an object is not completely outdated. Still, it is becoming rare: communication is mediated by smartphones and apps, and instruments and computer simulations mediate scientific discoveries. Instead of visiting a museum, we can browse through its online collection. Hence, by designing the methodologies and technologies that mediate experience we are shaping the experience itself. The article introduces Charles S. Peirce’s concept of experience to discuss the structure of technological mediation of experience and the potential for artificial experience. It reflects on how digital technologies contribute to the development of new experiences to allow for new or deeper knowledge of our world
Power Quality Disturbance Classification in IEEE 9-Bus System using STFT and Deep Learning
No full textPower quality disturbances (PQDs) including voltage sags together with swells and harmonics as well as transients create major disruptions to power system operations. This research establishes a deep learning system which detects and determines PQDs inside the IEEE 9-bus system through the combination of Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). STFT creates time-frequency representations from time-domain signals so the method can use these spectrograms as training data for classification.
The implemented CNN and GNN platform perform PQD type classification through learning spatial connection along with relational patterns embedded in STFT feature data. The spectrogram features are processed by the CNN that detects local patterns and the GNN detects the sophisticated connections between power system buses. The novel machine learning combination produces better results regarding classification precision than standard approaches for power quality disturbance recognition. This model demonstrates robust performance through its high accuracy rate and precise recall together with F1-score and precision metrics which make it suitable for real-time monitoring operations even with noisy conditions.
The research supports development efforts to create power quality monitoring systems based on deep learning methods for automatic PQD identification purposes. The proposed model delivers an efficient solution which strengthens grid resilience by improving fault diagnosis and time-dependent power quality management capabilities of contemporary smart grids
Evaluating the Impact of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Organizational Commitment, Psychological Ownership, and Citizenship Behavior in the Hospitality Industry
No full textThe hospitality industry continues to struggle with persistent employee turnover, disengagement, and a growing demand for innovation in service delivery. Amid these challenges, internal Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a firm’s voluntary commitment to supporting and investing in its employees, has emerged as a strategic tool to foster employee well-being, strengthen organizational loyalty, and drive innovation. Yet, empirical research examining the pathways through which internal CSR shapes employee attitudes and behaviors remains limited, particularly in the hospitality sector. This study addresses this gap by investigating the influence of internal CSR on five key employee outcomes: organizational commitment, psychological ownership, citizenship behavior, service innovation behavior, and turnover intentions. It also examines how these relationships are moderated by generational cohorts (Gen X, Y, Z) and cultural value orientations (individualism vs. collectivism).
Grounded in Organizational Support Theory (OST) and informed by Social Exchange Theory, this study proposes and tests an integrated structural model using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. Data were collected via an online survey administered to 461 hospitality employees in the United States, using validated scales adapted from previous studies. The data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Mplus Version 8.8, supported by multi-group analysis to test moderation effects.
The findings reveal that internal CSR has a significant positive impact on organizational commitment, psychological ownership, and citizenship behavior. These three constructs, in turn, positively influence service innovation behavior and negatively affect turnover intentions. The study also found that internal CSR directly promotes service innovation and reduces turnover intentions, suggesting that internal CSR may independently shape behavioral outcomes beyond intermediary attitudes. However, contrary to the hypothesized model, service innovation behavior was not found to significantly reduce turnover intentions, indicating that while innovation enhances performance, it may also motivate employees to explore external opportunities.
Further, the study highlights the important moderating roles of cultural and generational factors. Employees with collectivist cultural orientations experienced stronger links between internal CSR and psychological ownership and citizenship behavior compared to their individualist counterparts. Similarly, Generation Y employees, who represent a significant portion of the hospitality workforce demonstrated the strongest relationship between internal CSR and organizational commitment, whereas Generation X employees were more strongly influenced by internal CSR in terms of psychological ownership and citizenship behavior.
Theoretically, this study contributes to the internal CSR literature by extending organizational support theory to include service innovation and turnover intentions as key behavioral outcomes, while also integrating cultural and generational lenses to capture employee diversity. It underscores the multidimensional impact of internal CSR, not just as a moral or legal obligation, but as a strategic resource that can foster innovation, build long-term commitment, and mitigate turnover intentions.
From a practical standpoint, the study provides actionable insights for hospitality managers and HR professionals. It recommends the implementation of tailored internal CSR initiatives that reflect generational values, such as fairness and career development for Gen Y, and culturally responsive messaging that appeals to both collectivist and individualist employees. Additionally, since innovation alone does not necessarily deter turnover, organizations should establish clear career progression pathways and recognition systems to retain high-performing, innovative talent. The internal CSR framework presented in this study offers a roadmap for hospitality organizations seeking to build a committed, innovative, and ethically responsible workforce.
Despite its contributions, the study has some limitations. The measurement of internal CSR was limited to a few items and may not reflect the construct’s full complexity. The cross-sectional design restricts causal interpretations, and the U.S.-based sample may limit generalizability to other cultural contexts. Future research is encouraged to employ longitudinal designs, incorporate a more comprehensive internal CSR scale, and test the model across diverse industries and cultural settings.
In conclusion, this study offers a robust empirical and theoretical foundation for understanding how internal CSR can shape the employee experience in the hospitality industry. By advancing both academic inquiry and practical implementation, the findings position internal CSR not merely as a support mechanism but as a catalyst for innovation, retention, and competitive advantage