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Who’s an iAddict?: a socio-demographic exploration of device addiction and attachment among American adults
No full textBaseline risk factors for QT interval prolongation in patients prescribed IV haloperidol
No full textAfrican mango (Irvinga gabonensis) extract for weight loss: A systematic review
No full textObjective: The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of African mango (Irvingia gabonensis) extract on weight loss in humans.
Design: A systematic review of articles evaluating the effect of African mango, IGOB131, dikanut, bush mango or Irvingia gabonensis on weight and obesity was conducted.
Population: Three randomized, controlled trials were identified and met criteria for inclusion in the review with a total of 214 subjects receiving Irvingia gabonensis at various doses alone or in combination with other dietary supplements versus placebo over a period of four to ten weeks.
Results: All studies demonstrated a decrease in weight ranging from 4-12kg (p\u3c0.05). Other measures of weight loss including body fat percentage (p\u3c0.05) and waist circumference (p\u3c0.01) were also significantly decreased by Irvingia gabonensis. Improvements were also seen in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose. Few adverse events were reported but include insomnia, flatulence and headache.
Conclusions: Irvingia gabonensis demonstrates potential for significant weight loss of up to 12 kilograms in overweight and obese subjects over a period of 10 weeks with few reported adverse events. Larger studies including subjects from multiple countries for 6 to 12 months should be conducted to elucidate the long-term effects in various populations
RSV-encoded NS2 promotes epithelial cell shedding and distal airway obstruction
Get PDFRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the major cause of bronchiolitis in young children. The factors that contribute to the increased propensity of RSV-induced distal airway disease compared with other commonly encountered respiratory viruses remain unclear. Here, we identified the RSV-encoded nonstructural 2 (NS2) protein as a viral genetic determinant for initiating RSV-induced distal airway obstruction. Infection of human cartilaginous airway epithelium (HAE) and a hamster model of disease with recombinant respiratory viruses revealed that NS2 promotes shedding of infected epithelial cells, resulting in two consequences of virus infection. First, epithelial cell shedding accelerated the reduction of virus titers, presumably by clearing virus-infected cells from airway mucosa. Second, epithelial cells shedding into the narrow-diameter bronchiolar airway lumens resulted in rapid accumulation of detached, pleomorphic epithelial cells, leading to acute distal airway obstruction. Together, these data indicate that RSV infection of the airway epithelium, via the action of NS2, promotes epithelial cell shedding, which not only accelerates viral clearance but also contributes to acute obstruction of the distal airways. Our results identify RSV NS2 as a contributing factor for the enhanced propensity of RSV to cause severe airway disease in young children and suggest NS2 as a potential therapeutic target for reducing the severity of distal airway disease
