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Looking for cues over time ::a study on self-initiated monitoring in event-based and time-based prospective memory
No full textProspective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. In everyday life, people often have contextual information (e.g., the presence of cues) to support the completion of their PM tasks. The present study aimed to investigate how context (as probability of PM cue occurrence over time) and predictability affect PM. In two experiments, participants performed a laboratory PM task having the possibility to check the probability of the next PM cue occurrence whenever they wished; PM cue probability was manipulated to be temporally informative (predictable) or uninformative (unpredictable) on the actual PM cue occurrence. Both experiments showed that PM accuracy and cost on ongoing task performance increased with the presence of contextual information. Experiment 2 showed that this effect was independent of cue focality for PM accuracy but not for PM cost, for which the effect of context was particularly strong for non-focal compared to focal cues. Participants monitored the PM cue with uniform frequency over time, regardless of the context's predictability, and checked the probability of PM cue occurrence more often when the cue was non-focal compared to focal. This study showed the importance of contextual information in PM, highlighting the capacity of people to adapt the allocation of attentional resources systematically over time to optimize strategic monitoring and, in turn, PM performance
Persistent inspiratory muscle weakness among extubated patients after prolonged intubation is frequent and can be predicted early by maximal inspiratory pressure measured 12 days after its initial diagnosis ::a prospective observational study
No full textBackground : Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) frequently results in inspiratory and peripheral muscle weakness, impairing recovery. These conditions can be identified at the bedside using respectively Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) measurement and Medical Research Council (MRC) score. This study investigated the evolution over the acute-care hospital stay of MIP and MRC score in patients with documented post-extubation inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW), defined as MIP ≤ 30 cmH2O, and looked for the factors associated with persistent IMW at the end of the acute care hospital stay. Method : This exploratory prospective observational study was conducted across five Swiss hospitals. Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who were extubated after ≥ 7 days of MV, with IMW diagnosed within 48 h post planned extubation, were included. Patients’ characteristics and ICU-related factors were recorded throughout the acute care stay as were MIP and MRC score. ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) recorded in the medical file, ICU readmission, reintubation, and hospital mortality were also documented. Descriptive statistics and linear interpolation for missing MIP data were applied, and associations with persistent IMW (MIP ≤ 30 cmH2O) at study completion were explored using univariable logistic regression. The optimal timepoint for predicting persistent IMW using MIP was identified using a random forest model. Results : Sixty-nine patients (48 men, 21 women) completed the study. At study completion, persistent IMW was observed in 30 patients (43%), with a median MIP of 22 [13–24] cmH2O. MIP was of 44 [36–64] in patients without persistent IMW. Persistent IMW was positively associated in univariable logistic regression with female sex, duration of catecholamine use until inclusion, MIP at day 12, MRC score at day 12 and changes in MIP from inclusion to day 12. The presence of respiratory comorbidities was negatively associated with persistent IMW. Conclusion : Persistent IMW following prolonged MV is frequent throughout the acute care stay and until acute care hospital discharge. The MIP measured at day 12 after inclusion, as well as its change from inclusion to day 12, were strongly associated with persistent IMW
Framing energy sufficiency in a swiss mountain resort
No full textThis article analyses how energy sufficiency can be applied in tourism destinations. It begins by highlighting the importance of decarbonizing tourism for climate action, given the sector’s high CO2 emissions. Energy sufficiency, a key pillar of the energy transition, is defined as the voluntary reduction in energy demand within climate and CO2 emission constraints. The study investigates how stakeholders interpret and frame this concept, by focusing on strategies that align with the public image of the resort to reduce its energy requirements. The methodology includes semi-structured interviews with key players in Verbier—Val de Bagnes, focus groups with cooperation partners, participant observations at local meetings and events, and analysis of local documentation. Research was undertaken using living lab methods. The results reveal five main categories and eleven subcategories in which local stakeholders frame sufficiency, including oppositional framings, off-framings, selective framings, institutional framings, and disempowering framings. The article concludes with recommendations to reframe sufficiency in order to align with the destination’s strategy and representations. While energy sufficiency is often overshadowed by narratives of economic growth, technological innovation, and material abundance, it appears crucial to reframe these narratives and integrate post-growth strategies that prioritize sustainability in tourism planning
Le réemploi, une pédagogie avant d'être une pratique
No full textAu cours des trois dernières années, un séminaire pratique consacré au réemploi a été proposé par la HEIA Fribourg aux étudiants du Joint master of Architecture (JMA). Chacune des éditions, différente dans sa formulation et ses objectifs, a exploré le sujet du réemploi et les questions qu’il soulève en s’appuyant sur l’outil d’expérimentation qu’est la halle PopUp
Exploring environmental sustainability of artificial intelligence in radiology ::a scoping review
No full textObjective : Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in radiology, but its environmental implications have not been sufficiently studied, so far. This study aims to synthesize existing literature on the environmental sustainability of AI in radiology and highlights strategies proposed to mitigate its impact. Methods : A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Searches across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science focused on English and French publications from 2014 to 2024, targeting AI, environmental sustainability, and medical imaging. Eligible studies addressed environmental sustainability of AI in medical imaging. Conference abstracts, non-radiological or non-human studies, and unavailable full texts were excluded. Two independent reviewers assessed titles, abstracts, and full texts, while four reviewers conducted data extraction and analysis. Results : The search identified 3,723 results, of which 13 met inclusion criteria: nine research articles and four reviews. Four themes emerged: energy consumption (n = 10), carbon footprint (n = 6), computational resources (n = 9), and water consumption (n = 2). Reported metrics included CO2-equivalent emissions, training time, power use effectiveness, equivalent distance travelled by car, energy demands, and water consumption. Strategies to enhance sustainability included lightweight model architectures, quantization and pruning, efficient optimizers, and early stopping. Broader recommendations encompassed integrating carbon and energy metrics into AI evaluation, transitioning to cloud computing, and developing an eco-label for radiology AI systems. Conclusions : Research on sustainable AI in radiology remains scarce but is rapidly growing. This review highlights key metrics and strategies to guide future research and practice toward more transparent, consistent, and environmentally responsible AI development in radiology
Energy storage configuration in fuel cell electric vehicle ::an analysis on a real urban mission profile
No full textFuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) rely on a battery system to manage transient load demands and to recover braking energy. In recent years, hybrid topologies that also integrate supercapacitors have gained considerable attention, since they can improve system efficiency, driving dynamics, and component lifetime. Supercapacitors, thanks to their much higher power density compared to conventional batteries, are particularly promising for adoption in FCEVs. Most studies in the literature, however, evaluate these architectures under standardized homologation driving cycles. While such cycles provide a common benchmark for comparison, they generally exhibit less energy-intensive profiles and therefore do not fully capture the real operating demands of a vehicle. For this reason, the present work investigates the use of batteries and supercapacitors in FCEVs under an actual urban driving mission, where the route includes an experimentally measured altitude profile. This approach allows for a more realistic assessment of energy requirements. Furthermore, the analysis carried out in this study considers different powertrain configurations: the exclusive use of a battery, the sole use of a supercapacitor, and a hybrid combination of both systems. These scenarios are evaluated both for an FCEV that can only be refueled with hydrogen and for a plug-in hybrid version of the vehicle that can also recharge its battery from an external charging station
Co-designing pain education for schools in Switzerland
No full textBackground and aims: Approximately 26% of adolescents experience chronic pain. Pain science education may help adolescents better understand their own and others' pain. Co-design of pain education is needed to improve implementation and target public needs. This study aimed to co-design pain science education material for Swiss 9th-grade with teachers, students, and experts. Methods: The four phases of the Double Diamond Framework structured the co-design process. Two groups were formed: (1) three pain education experts and one anthropologist; and (2) three teachers and four students from Central Switzerland. Guided by two facilitators, the groups participated in eight iterative online workshops using design thinking methods, such as persona creation and role-play. Co-designers provided feedback using the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation (PPEE) tool. Results: Co-designers developed a toolbox comprising five ‘modules’: (i) Pain is a common sensation, and each experience is unique; (ii) Pain has many causes and is influenced by various factors; (iii) The experience of pain can help protect us; (iv) Our brain and body are bioplastic; (v) I can influence my pain and others' pain. Learning outcomes, teaching content, and assessment methods were developed for each module. Conclusions: Students, teachers, and researchers successfully co-designed a pain science curriculum for Swiss schools. Future exploratory studies will test the curriculum's effects
La pratique avancée en physiothérapie (PAP) en Suisse romande ::état des lieux par une approche mixte
No full textSituation initiale : La Pratique Avancée en Physiothérapie (PAP) se développe progressivement en Suisse pour répondre aux enjeux croissants du système de santé (augmentation des coûts, pénurie de professionnels et complexité des soins). Si un recensement a été réalisé en Suisse alémanique, peu d’informations sont disponibles pour la Suisse romande. Pourtant, plusieurs fonctions de pratique avancée ont déjà vu le jour, sous différentes formes, dans des hôpitaux, cliniques ou cabinets privés. Ce travail a pour objectif d’identifier les pratiques avancées existantes en Suisse romande dans divers milieux de soins, mais aussi de comprendre comment ces rôles ont été instaurés et quelles sont leurs fonctions et leurs exigences spécifiques. Il répondra aux questions suivantes : « Quelles sont les pratiques avancées en physiothérapie existantes dans les contextes hospitaliers, cliniques ou ambulatoires de Suisse romande ? Comment les rôles de pratique avancée se sont mis en place et quelles sont les fonctions et les exigences spécifiques associées ? » Méthodologie : Une étude mixte, en deux étapes, a été conduite. D’abord, une enquête quantitative par questionnaire a permis d’identifier les rôles de pratique avancée. Ensuite, des entretiens semi-dirigés ont approfondi la mise en place des rôles, leurs fonctions et les exigences associées. Les données ont été analysées de manière descriptive. Résultats : L’enquête a identifié 16 rôles de pratique avancée répartis dans cinq cantons, dont quatre en cours de développement. Parmi les cinq professionnels interrogés en entretien, quatre exercent comme « cliniciens spécialisés » et un occupe une fonction de « physiothérapeute praticien spécialisé ». Tous décrivent des rôles en constante évolution. Les conditions d’accès varient selon les institutions : master ou plusieurs CAS spécialisés, et deux à cinq années d’expérience. Les obstacles évoqués concernent notamment des facteurs humains, un manque de temps et de ressources. Les facilitateurs comprennent le soutien institutionnel et l’influence de la pratique infirmière avancée. Des compréhensions diverses de la PAP ont également émergé. Conclusion : Cette étude off re une vue d’ensemble des PAP en Suisse romande, clarifie leur implantation, leur fonctionnement et les compétences attendues. Elle souligne l’importance de les défi nir précisément pour favoriser une réglementation cohérente.Background During hospitalisation, older adults are at risk of experiencing functional decline unrelated to their initial condition, known as hospital-associated disability (HAD). HAD affects 37 % of hospitalised older adults. The population of older adults is expected to grow in the coming years, likely leading to an increase in cases of HAD. Published systematic reviews have certain limitations, leaving several questions unanswered about the prevention of HAD. Randomised controlled studies (RCT) with multiple training components (such as different strengthening and balance or walking components) are difficult to compare against single-component programmes. The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of (single or multi-component) physical exercise programmes on the prevention of HAD in people over 65 years of age hospitalised in an acute care setting measured at hospital discharge. Methods Living systematic review with network meta-analysis of RCTs. As this study represents a living systematic review, findings are continuously updated. Physical exercise programmes were analysed as multi-component interventions. Risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBUST-RCT tool. Results In total 5967 records were screened for eligibility; 546 full texts were assessed, and 75 studies were included in the evidence synthesis. We analysed 19 pair-wise comparisons at discharge. Inconsistency in the network-analysis was low with I 2 = 8.6 %. The most effective programme was strengthening compared against usual care (SMD: 0.65; 95 % CI: 0.06; 1.24). The exercise programme with the highest precision was balance + strengthening + walking (SMD: 0.50; 95 % CI: 0.33; 0.67). Training focused on a single-component of basic daily activities was not more eff ective than usual care (SMD: –0.13; 95 % CI –0.44; 0.18). Conclusion This work enhances the understanding of how to prevent HAD by providing detailed insights into specifi c components of physical exercise. Currently, the intervention with the highest precision suggests using a multicomponent approach involving balance, strengthening, and walking components to prevent HAD in an acute care setting. A major issue with traditional systematic reviews is the lengthy publication process, which often results in findings becoming outdated by the time they are published. This living systematic review enables clinicians to stay current by rapidly integrating new findings into the evidence synthesis of HAD prevention
