Tind Technologies (Norway)
Hes-so: ArODES Open Archive (University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland / Haute école spécialisée de Suisse occidentale / FH Westschweiz)Not a member yet
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Advance care planning in dialysis patients with a conversation game
No full textIntroduction: To support advance care planning (ACP), a conversation game, Anticip’action, and a connected 3-step ACP intervention using the game were developed. This study assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and effect of the intervention with patients undergoing dialysis at a tertiary hospital. Methods: Dialysis nurses received a 10-hour training in ACP and use of the card game Anticip’Action. All patients on dialysis in the nephrology division were eligible. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed using questionnaires and note taking. Effect was assessed using pre-post number of advance directives (ADs), number of patients designating a surrogate, quality of written ACP documentation, patients’ responses to the 9-items ACP Engagement Survey, and patients’ assessment of their ACP documentation. Results: Twelve nurses conducted ACP interventions. Thirty-three patients (87% of eligible patients) accepted to be included, 25 (75%) started the ACP intervention, 23 completed it, and 18 answered all questionnaires. 5 withdrawals were due to premature death. Nurses and patients rated the training, the intervention and the card game as good and highly acceptable: mean scores ranged from 2.87 to 4.17 on a 5-point Likert scale questions. Organizational difficulties were reported by nurses. Significant increases were observed on uploaded ADs (+ 30%), designated health care surrogates (+ 80%), patients reporting end-of-life planning actions (12/19), patients’ engagement in ACP (+ 1.04 on 1–5 scale, P # 0.001), quality of ACP documentation (+ 2.68 on a 1–5 scale, P # 0.001), and patients’ evaluation of their ACP documentation (3.44 ± 1.04 on 1–5 scale). Conclusion: The 3-step ACP intervention using Anticip’action showed good implementation potential in clinical context
Sans-abrisme et vieillissement ::enjeux et solutions institutionnelles à Genève
No full textCet article explore le vieillissement des personnes en grande précarité, un phénomène encore peu traité dans la littérature scientifique. Il analyse les discours de professionnel·les chargé·es de les accompagner, en soulignant notamment la dissociation entre âge chronologique et âge biologique. Les défis identifiés incluent l’inadaptation des structures d’accueil, la sédentarisation progressive ainsi que les problématiques de santé somatique et psychique. L’article propose plusieurs pistes pour améliorer les réponses institutionnelles, notamment par une approche intersectionnelle et concertée ainsi que par la création de lieux d’accueil adaptés.This article explores the aging of people experiencing extreme poverty, a phenomenon still underexplored in the scientific literature. It analyzes the perspectives of professionals working with this population, highlighting the dissociation between chronological and biological age. The main challenges include the inadequacy of emergency shelters, increasing sedentary lifestyles, and both somatic and mental health issues. The article proposes several avenues for improving institutional responses, including an intersectional approach and the creation of appropriate care and shelter facilities
Advanced nonlinear analysis of a retrofitted cold-formed steel portal frame ::a comparison of traditional and detailed modeling approaches
No full textThis study presents an in-depth investigation of a cold-formed steel portal frame structure, originally designed in the 1950s, through advanced nonlinear analysis. The research aims to compare traditional structural modelling approaches with more detailed nonlinear modelling techniques while evaluating various retrofitting strategies. A comprehensive nonlinear analysis was conducted, accounting for all sources of nonlinearity. Multiple modelling versions were explored, including beam elements with rigid and pinned connections, as well as a hybrid model incorporating 3D columns modelled with shell or solid elements, and beam elements for diagonals and roof structure, utilizing multipoint constraints for node connections. The connections between cold-formed steel profiles were modelled using fasteners that exhibit non-linear force-slip behavior. The structure's response was analyzed at both service and ultimate limit states, leading to the proposal of various retrofitting methods, such as the use of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) for columns, additional gusset plates, and profile doubling. The primary output of this study is a comparative analysis between traditional structural modeling approaches and more detailed nonlinear modeling techniques, providing insights into the accuracy and efficiency of different strategies for cold-formed steel structures. This research contributes to the understanding of advanced modeling techniques for cold-formed steel structures and offers practical insights for engineers and researchers involved in structural retrofitting and sustainable construction
Modelling the impact of future uncertainty in energy prices on aluminium decarbonization pathways
No full textSecondary aluminium production facilities typically consume 700–1,000 kWh of natural gas and 200–400 kWh of electricity per tonne of rolled sheets. To achieve environmental targets, the aluminium industry is exploring decarbonization strategies, including biomass gasification, carbon abatement and utilization, power-to-gas, direct electrification, and waste heat recovery, among others. While most of these technologies have lifetimes of a couple of decades, decisions on their installation must be made today. Biomass, electricity, and natural gas costs can be subject to unpredictable market variations, whereas carbon prices are related to environmental regulations and future market situations. Therefore, current decarbonization decisions must account for uncertainty in future energy prices. This study presents a systemic approach to incorporate energy price fluctuations into decarbonization planning for secondary aluminium production. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach is used to generate a list of feasible system configurations under 4,000 combinations of energy prices and carbon taxes. Next, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to predict energy price trends and assess the resilience of favourable scenarios, from the MILP approach, under “stochastic” or “crisis” circumstances. Results show that decarbonization pathways are less costly than fossil CO2-emitting configurations in 50% of the price combinations. Among these decarbonization configurations, the pathway combining electricity and biomass is the most economical. However, its likelihood of outperforming the natural gas-driven baseline over a 25-year lifetime is estimated at 22%–37% under stochastic energy price profiles. Finally, resource diversification, such as biomass utilization, reduces risk during economic crises by 6% compared to complete electrification
Known properties of the lightning leader channels point towards a return stroke moving with the speed of light
No full textWithout loss of generality, the return stroke can be treated as a current pulse propagating along the leader channel while undergoing attenuation and dispersion. According to the measurements, the return stroke travels along the leader channel with a speed less than the speed of light. However, if the return stroke speed were to be lower than the speed of light, the propagating return stroke would generate an electric field traveling ahead of the return stroke front with the speed of light. Since the leader channel is conducting and finite in thickness, the electric field that extends ahead of the return stroke front would interact with the leader channel generating currents that effectively push the return stroke front speed to the speed of light. In this paper we will make a case for the fact that the return stroke speed is actually equal to the speed of light. The slower return stroke speeds obtained in experimental investigations are shown to be caused by the rapid dispersion of the return stroke current as it propagates along the leader channel. The analysis presented in the paper is restricted to the lightning subsequent return strokes but the conclusions are also valid for lightning first return strokes
Field evaluation of four state-of-the-art astrogeodetic systems along the Mississippi River ::CODIAC, VESTA, QDaedalus and TSACS
No full textDeflections of the vertical, which quantify the direction of gravity near the Earth’s surface, are conventionally observed using astrogeodetic instruments. Our research compared four astrogeodetic systems together for the first time at similar observing sites: the zenith cameras COmpact DIgital Astrometric Camera (CODIAC) and VErtical by STArs (VESTA), and the robotic total station-based astrogeodetic systems QDaedalus and Total Station Astrogeodetic Control System (TSACS). We deployed the four systems at 32 sites on a 190 km profile along the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, using 14 primary sites for direct comparison and subsequent performance evaluation with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least-squares bias analysis. The results demonstrate that CODIAC is able to have an internal consistency better than ± 0.05 arcseconds for its 20-minute observations. Relative to CODIAC, the results suggest that, for 45-minute occupations in a typical astrogeodetic campaign, the VESTA, QDaedalus, and TSACS are capable of 0.15–0.20 arcsecond accuracy. One of the main goals of the survey was to fill gaps in geoid validation data in this region; these results will be used to test the National Geodetic Survey’s new GEOID2022 model and design future field campaigns. This survey also highlights the challenges of designing an astrogeodetic profile in a busy commercial corridor and serves as an instructive experience in 21st century operational geodetic astronomy
Optimizing novel multi-scaled simulation method for deviation analysis of generatively designed aileron bracket using laser powder bed fusion
No full textThis research is devoted to forecast the distortion of aileron brackets by means of generative design (GD) and multi-scaled numerical simulation comprising meso- and macro-scaled simulation based on thermomechanical method (TMM) and inherent strain method (ISM), respectively. The multi-scaled simulation began with TMM-based virtual calibration test (VCT) including mesh sensitivity and volume fraction analysis to identify the best meshing voxel size. In finding inherent strain tensors, optimization was implemented using pattern search algorithm referring to the minimum relative error. Further, macro-scaled simulation was implemented to estimate bracket distortion behavior by applying the inherent strain tensors in ISM. For experiment, the conventional aileron bracket shape was first improved by complying the internal rules of GD throughout the desired design space with respect to stress goal and weight reduction based on iterative material distribution. After obtaining the new generatively designed component, linear static analysis was implemented to improve the stress magnitude and surface smoothness level by mesh and material sculpting. Then, the component is manufactured using laser powder bed fusion with manual postprocessing of support structure followed by sand blasting. The finished aileron bracket was then measured using a 3D scanner GOM Atos Q. As conclusion, this novel multi-scaled simulation method based on GD, static stress, and virtual calibration test allows a forecast of an acceptable surface deviation within relative single point and mean errors up to 11% and 5% respectively. By neglecting the tedious and time-consuming procedure of real calibration, a huge time reduction for preparation up to a few days and for computation up to 35% compared to pure TMM can be achieved
