Tind Technologies (Norway)
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Introducing libCartoSym, an open-source software library for transcoding portrayal rules between different encodings based on OGC Cartographic Symbology 2.0
No full textTherapeutic drug monitoring and point-of-care technologies ::opportunities and current challenges
No full textBackground: This review re-evaluates therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by comparing the current analytical and subsequent clinical interpretation capabilities of hospital or community medical laboratories with the emerging potential of point-of-care (POC) devices, which could become increasingly utilized in hospital wards, day-hospital units, and outpatient clinic settings.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted to identify publications that best illustrate the current trends in the development of POC TDM. Results: The latest scientific and technical literature indicates that POC devices for determining drug concentrations in clinical samples are approaching the market. Several technologies are now available to develop portable sensors capable of rapidly returning concentration measurements. Interfacing these methods with artificial intelligence-based pattern recognition may enhance the identification and quantification of drugs. However, once the drug concentration is accurately measured using a portable device, dosage adjustments require consideration of the drug's pharmacokinetics and the patient's characteristics. This is accounted for in the mathematical approaches underlying model-informed precision dosing, which consider inter- and intra-individual variability and provide recommendations for treatment adjustments. These complexities necessitate the use of digital technologies, including graphical interfaces, machine learning approaches, and secure connectivity, to enhance the application of TDM in clinical practice. Conclusions: Promising emerging technologies have considerable potential to expand TDM to cover a wide range of drugs, making precision medicine accessible to many patients
Labour induction and adverse perinatal outcomes ::a retrospective cohort study
No full textBackground : The rising overall prevalence of induction of labour (IOL) in high-income countries raises questions about the appropriateness of its clinical indications and concerns about potential adverse perinatal outcomes. The underlying reasons for this increase remain unclear but may include broader clinical indications, changing maternal or foetal conditions, or more maternal requests. This study aimed to assess changes in prevalence of IOL and adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods : We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study using data from a perinatal registry encompassing all births in a French region. The study included all women who delivered a live-born infant. IOL and perinatal outcomes were obtained from medical records. We first described the overall prevalence of these outcomes, followed by a stratified analysis based on the eight-group Grenoble Classification for IOL indications. Variations in IOL and perinatal outcomes were assessed from 2020 (reference) to 2023, both overall and by group, using Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations. Results : The study population included 54,089 women. Overall IOL prevalence rose from 20.7% in 2020 to 28.1% in 2023 (adjusted risk-ratio (aRR) 1.31, 95%CI 1.15–1.49). This increase was mainly driven by higher aRRs in Group-5 [Single cephalic pregnancy ≥41 weeks of gestation (WG)] (34.6% to 42.9%; aRR 1.21, 95%CI 1.10-1.40), Group-6 [Single cephalic pregnancy with maternal pathology from 37 to 40+6 WG] (31.5% to 49.7%; aRR 1.56, 95%CI 1.38–1.75), and Group-7 [Single cephalic pregnancy with foetal pathology from 37 to 40+6 WG] (52.9% to 77.2%; aRR 1.46, 95%CI 1.14–1.88). Adverse outcome changes were observed only in these three groups, with increased emergency caesarean rates in Group-5 (12.4% to 16.4%; aRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.40) and Group-7 (13.1% to 19.6%; aRR 1.40, 95%CI 1.04–1.80), as well as higher postpartum haemorrhage rates in Group-5 (5.8% to 7.7%; aRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01–1.69) and Group-6 (4.9% to 7.0%; aRR 1.41, 95%CI 1.05–1.90). Neonatal morbidity remained stable. Conclusions : The rise in overall IOL prevalence was driven by higher rates in three groups (pregnancies ≥41 WG, maternal and foetal pathology), in which we also observed a clinically meaningful increase in adverse maternal outcomes
Prestressed segmental slabs in reclaimed concrete or stone ::a systemic and effective solution for sustainable floors
No full textThis paper proposes a new structural slab system, based on a prestressed assembly of reclaimed concrete elements, as a scalable solution to reduce resource extraction and embodied carbon in the construction sector. The system assembles square voussoirs sawn from existing buildings into prestressed beams designed for typical spans and loads in buildings. Standardized dimensions, early-stage design tools, and reduced dependence on concrete strength allow for design adaptability and efficient implementation. This systemic approach aims to facilitate reuse without relying on coordination between demolition and construction sites. Full-scale four-point bending tests, conducted to validate the structural behaviour, showed that the beams remained uncracked under service loads and displayed a nonlinear and mostly elastic response in the cracked state. The prestressing and the low creep of reclaimed concrete improve long-term stiffness. Life cycle assessment results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced by approximately two-thirds compared to conventional reinforced concrete slabs
Les fils renoués ::Ana Lupas, les années 1970
No full textL’artiste roumaine Ana Lupaș, née en 1940, s’est formée à l’Institut des Arts plastiques de Cluj, au nord-ouest de la Roumanie, dans la section de tapisserie. Terminant ses études au début des années 1960, elle embrasse une carrière d’artiste textile et expose notamment à la Biennale internationale de la Tapisserie de Lausanne en 1969 et 1971, où ses œuvres côtoient celles d’autres artistes du bloc de l’Est connues dans le champ du Fiber Art, comme Magdalena Abakanowicz et Jagoda Buić. Dans le tournant qu’a constitué l’après 1989, Ana Lupaș a construit un récit susceptible de procurer une large réception, en Europe de l’Ouest et aux États-Unis, de son travail commencé trois décennies plus tôt dans le contexte de la Roumanie communiste. Ses actions, qui se sont déroulées la plupart du temps en l’absence de public et à la faveur de ruses pour déjouer la censure, n’ont en effet connu, au moment de leur exécution, qu’une diffusion des plus restreintes. L’étude d’Ileana Parvu revient ainsi sur les réécritures du récit entourant les créations d’Ana Lupaș pour mieux rendre compte de son inscription dans le champ de l’art des années 1960-1970
Perceived digital well-being scale in the United States and United Kingdom ::psychometric validation study
No full textBackground: Digital well-being encourages balanced mobile use. The Perceived Digital Well-Being in Adolescence Scale measures this in adolescents but has been validated only in Slovenia, raising questions about its relevance for other age groups and cultural contexts. Objective: This study had three primary objectives: (1) confirm the 3-factor structure of an English version of the Perceived Digital Well-Being in Adolescence Scale, renamed the Perceived Digital Well-Being Scale (PDWS), in samples of young adults from the United States and the United Kingdom; (2) examine the associations between PDWS dimensions and participants’ sociodemographic characteristics; and (3) explore the relationships between PDWS scores and patterns of smartphone use. Methods: A total of 1854 young adults from the United States and the United Kingdom (ages 18‐25 years; mean 22.4, SD 2.1; 892, 48.1% female, 872, 47.0% male, 90, 4.9% nonbinary) participated in an online survey including the PDWS, digital flourishing, and digital stress measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations, t tests, chi-squared tests, and moderation-mediation analysis. Results: Smartphone screen time and smartphone time for nonessential activities were statistically higher in the US sample than in the UK sample (mean 6.95 vs mean 6.13; t1852=4.97; P<.001; d=0.27 and mean 3.62 vs mean 3.29; t1852=5.57; P<.001; d=0.25, respectively). The digital well-being total score was statistically higher among US participants when compared with the UK counterparts (mean 3.49 vs mean 3.38; t1852=3.33; P<.001; d=0.15). Male participants were significantly more represented among the group with higher PDWB scores (χ2136=478.45; P<.001). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the adequacy of the 3-factor model (emotional, social, and cognitive), indicating strong model fit (critical indices ≥0.90). Evidence of convergent validity was established through significant associations between PDWS scores and measures of digital flourishing and digital stress (most correlation coefficients being significant at P<.001). Measurement invariance testing confirmed the scale’s equivalence across US and UK samples (χ2246 change=17.90; P=.21); however, strict invariance across gender (male vs female) was not supported (χ2246 change=200.91; P<.001). Gender, sexual orientation, relationship status, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education level significantly influenced PDWS scores. Gender and socioeconomic status also moderated the relationship between smartphone use or screen time and PDWS scores (b=0.048; P=.03 and b=0.020; P=.03, respectively), indicating that these factors affect how smartphone usage relates to psychological distress or well-being in different demographic groups. Conclusions: The PDWS showed good psychometric properties in the US and UK samples. The scale offers a promising tool for identifying individuals at risk of adverse outcomes associated with digital connectivity
Performance of Sieve versus SwissPre prehospital triage algorithms in a simulated mass-casualty incident ::a randomized open-label study
No full textIntroduction: Triage is an essential process used to adequately allocate resources and thus increase chances of survival in case of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs). Several triage scales are currently used, but data regarding their performance remain scarce. The objective was to compare the performance of two prehospital triage algorithms (Sieve versus SwissPre) using a validated physiological simulator. Methods: This was a web-based, randomized open-label study. A real-time evolutive simulator based on a heart-lung-brain interaction model embedding functional blocks was used to simulate the evolution of vital parameters. Participants, who were randomly allocated to either algorithm, were asked to triage 30 patients in random order. The primary outcome was the triage score (each correct decision was awarded one point). The “Immediate patients” were defined as those who would die within the first hour according to the physiological model. The secondary outcome was the duration of patient triage. Results: Out of 71 participants, 67 (94.4%) were included in the final analysis. The Sieve group achieved a mean score of 17.1 out of 30 (95%CI, 16.3 to 17.8). The SwissPre group scored 15.5 out of 30 (95%CI, 14.5 to 16.5). The mean difference between groups was 1.6 points (95%CI, 0.4 to 2.8; P = .011) in favor of the Sieve algorithm. Triage duration did not differ significantly between the Sieve (mean 43 minutes, SD = 10) and SwissPre (mean 46 minutes, SD = 23) groups, with a mean difference of three minutes (95%CI, −12 to 6; P = .507). Conclusions: The simpler Sieve algorithm may slightly outperform the more complex SwissPre in accurately categorizing critically injured patients who would likely die within 60 minutes if left untreated. No significant difference was observed in triage speed. However, these exploratory findings should be interpreted cautiously, considering the mean difference was modest and the controlled simulated setting, limiting generalizability
The role of nozzle acoustic sensing in inkjet printing, an artificial intelligence perspective
No full textThe idea of using the piezoelectric element of an inkjet printhead as an acoustic sensor for inferring the status of the jetting nozzles is almost as old as inkjet itself. While piezoelectric inkjet printing devices have evolved considerably since the early days of inkjet printing, enabling the continuous development of novel inks, functional fluids, substrates, pre- and post- printing treatments, and facilitating the adoption of new material deposition processes across many industries, nozzle acoustic sensing has seen minimal adoption by the industry. With a few notable exceptions, the inkjet community has been reticent to adopt this aspect of the inkjet technology. The main reasons argued for not embracing this technology are its perceived inability to identify subtle failure modes (deviated nozzles) and the difficulties of machine operators to interpret and react to this novel type of information. In this paper we will argue that developments in Artificial Intelligence can help overcome these limitations. Agentic AI and Reinforcement Learning provide a conceptual framework and a technology capable of improving nozzle failure classifiers and defining and evaluating multiple automatic responses of the printing system to changing printing conditions, enabling a quasi-real-time optimization of the printing process
Quand la fin de vie survient en soins aigus ::le vécu de physiothérapeutes et d’ergothérapeutes = Wenn das Lebensende in der Akutversorgung eintritt: die Erfahrungen von Physiotherapeuten und Ergotherapeuten
No full textIntroduction : Une grande partie des décès en Suisse a lieu à l’hôpital. Les suivis sont principalement assurés par des soignant·es non spécialisé·es en soins de fin de vie et peuvent avoir un impact sur leurs vécus. Objectif : Explorer le vécu des ergothérapeutes et physiothérapeutes non spécialisé·es en soins palliatifs lors des suivis en fin de vie dans le milieu hospitalier aigu en Suisse. Méthodes : Étude qualitative de type descriptif interprétatif. Des entretiens individuels ont été effectués, puis analysés avec une approche inductive. Résultats : Les thérapeutes expriment des vécus variés liés à la fin de vie : colère et frustration face à des soins perçus comme inappropriés ou à des aspects d’organisation du travail ; tristesse face à la détresse et la séparation ; peur et angoisse face à l’incertitude de la mort ou de la capacité à accompagner le·la patient·e ; soulagement lorsque la mort met fin à la souffrance ; fierté lorsque l’accompagnement respecte le·la patient·e. Les thérapeutes expérimenté·es rapportent parfois une absence d’émotion. Discussion et conclusion : La capacité à soulager la souffrance globale influence positivement le vécu des thérapeutes. Les plus expérimenté·es estiment mieux adapter la distance avec les patient·es et anticipent davantage la survenue des décès. Une bonne coordination et un accompagnement optimal réduisent la frustration et l’inconfort. Cette étude révèle la complexité émotionnelle vécue par les thérapeutes lors de l’accompagnement en fin de vie en milieu aigu et l’intérêt de prendre en compte les émotions.Einleitung: Ein großer Teil der Todesfälle in der Schweiz ereignet sich im Krankenhaus. Die Nachbetreuung erfolgt hauptsächlich durch Fachpersonen ohne Spezialisierung in der Palliativpflege, was das Erlebnis massgeblich beein¬flussen kann. Ziel: Untersuchung der Erlebnisse von Ergotherapeut·innen und Physiotherapeut·innen ohne Spezialisierung in der Palliativpflege während der Begleitung von Patient·innen am Lebensende in der Akutpflege in der Schweiz. Methoden: Qualitative Studie mit deskriptiv-interpretativem Ansatz. Es wurden Einzelinterviews durchgeführt und mit¬tels induktiver Methode analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Therapeut·innen berichten über vielfäl¬tige Erlebnisse im Zusammenhang mit dem Lebensende: Wut und Frustration bei als unangemessen empfundenen Behandlungen oder organisatorischen Aspekten; Traurigkeit angesichts von Leid und Abschied; Angst und Beklemmung gegenüber der Ungewissheit des Todes oder der eigenen Fähigkeit zur Begleitung; Erleichterung, wenn der Tod das Leiden beendet; Stolz, wenn die Begleitung im Sinne der Patient·innen geschieht. Erfahrene Therapeut·innen berich¬ten mitunter über Emotions abwesenheit. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Fähigkeit, das gesamte Leiden zu lindern, wirkt sich positiv auf das Erlebnis der Therapeut·innen aus. Erfahrene Fachpersonen schätzen, dass sie besser emotionale Distanz wahren und Todesfälle eher antizipieren können. Gute Koordination und eine opti¬male Begleitung verringern Frustration und Unbehagen. Diese Studie zeigt die emotionale Komplexität auf, die Therapeut·innen bei der Begleitung am Lebensende in der Akutpflege erleben, und unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit der Berücksichtigung ihrer Emotionen.Introduction: A large proportion of deaths in Switzerland occur in hospitals. Follow-up care is primarily provided by healthcare professionals who are not specialized in end-of-life care, which can affect them. Objective: To explore the experience of occupational ther¬apists and physiotherapists not specialized in palliative care during end-of-life follow-ups in acute hospital settings in Switzerland. Methods: Qualitative study using a descriptive-interpretive approach. Individual interviews were conducted and ana¬lyzed using an inductive approach. Results: Therapists express a variety of emotions related to end-of-life care: anger and frustration in response to care perceived as inappropriate or due to organizational aspects of the work; sadness related to distress and separation; fear and anxiety in the face of the uncertainty of death or their ability to support the patient; relief when death put an end to the patient’s suffering; pride when the support respects the patient. Experienced therapists sometimes report not experiencing any emotion. Discussion and conclusion: The ability to relieve a patient of their overall suffering has a positive influences on the ther¬apists’ experiences. The more experienced of professionals consider they are more capable of adapting the emotional distance between them and thepatients. They also esti¬mate their capacity to anticipate the death of a patient to be greater. Good coordination and optimal support reduce frustration and discomfort. This study highlights the emo¬tional complexity experienced by therapists during end-of-life care in acute settings, and underscores the importance of taking their emotions into account