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Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Three Commercially Available Paediatric Dentifrices on Artificially Demineralized Human Deciduous Enamel: An In Vitro Study
No full textBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Tooth paste (dentifrices) comes in various composition and as a single paste is used by the entire family whether it is an adult or child. Nowadays paediatric dentifrices are available with less amount of fluoride to avoid fluoride toxicity in children and other beneficial constituents. So it’s time to shift from standard dentifrices and move towards on biocompatible and bioactive low level fluoride paediatric dentifrices that are more effective in remineralizing teeth.
The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of three commercially available paediatric dentifrices on artificially demineralized human deciduous enamel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 60 buccal surface enamel samples were prepared from 60 extracted primary second molar by sagittal sectioning of the crown. Each samplewere then divided equally into three equal three equal thirds from mesial to distal surface[one-third positive control (sound surface), one-third negative control (demineralized), and the other third will serve as the test group (paediatric dentifrice)].Then all samples were suspended with the floss are immersed with their two-thirds of the surface in the demineralizing solution for 96 hours , while one-third of the surface will be covered with nail varnish and serves as positive control then washed them with double-distilled water for 15 seconds.
The teeth specimens were divided into three groups of 20 samples each for the evaluation of remineralization potential.During remineralization cycle, lower one-third of each specimen is immersed in 5mL of freshly prepared dentifrice slurry for 5 minutes, leaving the middle third demineralized surface as negative control.The specimens were then removed, washed with double-distilled water for 15 seconds, and placed in prepared artificial saliva to simulate oral environment.Then the specimens washed with double-distilled water and again treated with freshly prepared dentifrice solution for 5 minutes in the same manner as described earlier, followed by overnight placement of the specimen in artificial saliva.The procedure was repeated twice daily for 7 days, followed by examination of all the specimens using Scanning electron microscope examinationand Energy dispersive X ray analysis.
RESULTS:
Results of this study revealed, that
There exist a statistically significant difference in remineralization potential between three paediatric dentifrices with Candycop having the highest remineralization potential followed by Dentoshine and Pigeon.
CONCLUSION:
The combination of fluoride and xylitol dentifrices performs better than with either fluoride alone or xylitol alone
Association between Sleep Patterns and Early Childhood Caries in 3 to 4 year Old Children: A Case-control study
No full textAim: To assess the association between sleep patterns and early childhood caries in children aged 3 to 4 years Methodology: A case-control study was conducted to assess the sleep patterns, feeding practices and oral hygiene practices of children at night time, at 0 to 2 years of age. A survey among 550 mothers of children aged 3 to 4 years with ECC (n=275) and without ECC (n=275) was conducted using a questionnaire. Sleeping patterns, feeding practices and oral hygiene practices of children at 0 to 3 months of age, 4 to 11 months of age and 1 to 2 years of age were recorded and analyzed. Demographic details such as age, gender, birth order, previous dental visit, working status of mother, mother’s education and BMI of children were recorded. Results: Children who went late to bed, had less hours of sleep in day (during day and at night), had frequent night wakes, had irregular sleep schedule and those who used pacifier to sleep at 0 to 3 months of age were more likely to develop ECC. At 4 to 11 months of age, children who had frequent night wakes and those used pacifier were more likely to develop ECC. At 1 to 2 years of age, children who went late to bed, had less hour of sleep in day (during day and at night) and had frequent night wakes were more likely to develop ECC. Conclusion: Sleeping pattern in children should be regularized and the importance of proper sleeping pattern in ECC prevention should be emphasized. Personalized counseling helping to establish routine sleeping habits may aid in the prevention of ECC
Assessing the Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare Containing Oral Dissolving Strips on Salivary Bacterial Load, Salivary pH and Salivary Flow Rate among Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textINTRODUCTION:
Fennel is used in various traditional systems of medicine like in the Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, in the Indian and Iranian traditional systems of alternative and balancing medicine. Raw form of fennel seeds are not comfortable either to carry or chew in public places, work places and also normally it gets sticks interdentally lead to oral problem, discomfort for denture wearing and prosthetic patients. In order to overcome these shortcomings of various oral hygiene practices an idea to refine fennel seeds into a oral biofilm strips was generated.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To assess the effect on antimicrobial efficiency of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seeds infused in oral dissolving strips.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A randomized, double blinded study conducted to assess the effect of Fennel seeds containing oral dissolving strips against bacterial load, Salivary pH and Salivary flow rate among young adults in a Dental college in Madurai. The study was conducted during the period of May 2021 to October 2021. The study participants were divided into three groups as group A, B and C. Each group consists of 50 participants. Data were collected at the baseline and at the 30th day after intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
RESULTS:
There was a statistically significant difference in microbial analysis of S. mutans, L.acidophilus and p.gingivalis before and after intervention of Group A(oral dissolving strips infused with extract of foeniculum vulgarea(fennel) seed with p value <0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in salivary flow rate and salivary pH.
CONCLUSION:
Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) strips are effective against S. mutans, L. acidophilus and p.gingivalis and increases the salivary flow rate and pH. Thus it can be used to prevent dental caries
Evaluation of Oral Bacterial Microflora related to Dental Caries and Salivary pH in Type II Diabetic Patients
No full textAIM OF THE STUDY:
The present study aim is to evaluate and correlate between HbA1c, salivary pH and oral bacterial microflora (streptococcus and lactobacillus CFU) related to dental caries in normal,controlled and uncontrolled type II diabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study involves 90 samples. HbA1c test is recorded and grouped into 3 group (normal, controlled and uncontrolled diabetic). Salivary and swab sample was taken to evaluate for CFU (streptococcus and lactobacillus). Salivary pH is measured with pH strip with colour coding. By using ANOVA test and Post hoc test, p value is significant <0.05.
RESULTS:
The colony forming unit of streptococcus and lactobacillus in saliva spit and swab method is statistically significant among normal, controlled and uncontrolled diabeteic. In uncontrolled diabetic patients higher incidence of dental caries, higher CFU in bacterial microflora and lower salivary pH than controlled diabetic and normal.
CONCLUSION:
The present study has revealed a slight increase in the CFU of streptoccus mutans in uncontrolled diabetic patients, than when compared with controlled diabetic patients. This increase in CFU and decrease in salivary PH is strongly associated with an increase in the incidence of Dental caries in uncontrolled diabetic patients
GLUT-1 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Significance
No full textINTRODUCTION:
Glut-1 is a glucose transporter protein, the expression of which is upregulated in malignant cells which show increased glucose uptake. Glut-1 is a glucose transporter protein which is one of the 14 members of the mammalian facilitative glucose transporter family. Glucose uptake in nearly all cells is mediated by Gluts. Immunohistochemical expression of Glut-1 in malignant cells indicates increased proliferative activity, energy requirements and aggressive behavior.
The influence of Glut-1 on prognosis and its use as a biomarker may be a manifestation of tumour hypoxia and the adaptive upregulation of anaerobic glycolysis that may ultimately promote tumour cell survival, suggesting that Glut-1 may be considered to be a negative biomarker of prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
Aim: This study is done to evaluate the expression of Glut-1 in normal and OSCC cases with different clinical stages and histopathological grades to determine the role of Glut-1 as a prognostic marker.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In the present study, 20 biopsy specimens of OSCC and 5 normal subjects were included. After obtaining the informed consent from the patients, the history and clinical findings of each patient will be recorded. Histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC will be included. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using Glut-1 antibody. Three micrometer paraffin embedded sections were used for staining.
RESULT:
There was significant expression of GLUT-1 in OSCC cases and also significant increase in intensity, percentage and localization of stain was evident with different histological grades of OSCC. And no significant expression was found in normal cases.
CONCLUSION:
The present study concludes that expression of GLUT-1 can be biomarker for early stages of OSCC. Higher expression of this marker signifies the abundant demand of energy by the cancer cells for increased proliferation and division under hypoxic condition. In recent studies, different drugs are targeted towards GLUT-1 and found to be improving the prognosis and survival rate. Further studies with large samples are essential to justify the clinical potential of GLUT-1 as a prognostic marker assessing risk and prognosis of OSCC
Estimation of Serum and Salivary Albumin and Uric Acid in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional study
No full textINTRODUCTION:
Diabetes is a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. Hyperglycemic state of diabetes mellitus produces harmful reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants play an important role in removing and inhibiting the production of free radicals. We designed a study to compare the levels of uric acid and albumin in blood and saliva and determine their interrelationship between diabetic patients and healthy controls.
METHODS:
31 patients with type II diabetes and 31 healthy individuals were included in this study to estimate the serum and salivary albumin and uric acid by using bromocresol green and Uricase method respectively. The results were statistically analysed.
RESULTS:
Mean serum albumin level among the diabetic group was higher (3.99±0.57g/dl) when compared with that of the control group (3.40±0.78g/dl) with statistically significant p value (<0.001). Mean Salivary Albumin of the diabetic group was (0.44±0.91 mg/dl) and for control group was (0.21 ±0.44 mg/dl). This difference was statistically significant. Mean salivary uric acid was higher in diabetic group (2.16±0.57g/dl) than control (1.61±0.73g/dl). This difference was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION:
Levels of albumin and uric acid in saliva are significantly increased in diabetic individuals when compared with controls. Though similar results were obtained with serum albumin levels, there is no correlation between serum and salivary levels of albumin and uric acid in diabetic individuals. This suggests that salivary levels of albumin and uric acid are independently affected by the disease process
Estimation of Pyruvic Acid and Lactic Acid Levels in Serum and Saliva of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The study was conducted to estimate the serum and salivary pyruvic acid and lactic acid levels in healthy individuals and histopathologically confirmed cases of Oral squamous cell carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Thirty clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC were included in the study. A control group of 30 age-matched individuals with no systemic diseases were selected. The serum and salivary levels of Pyruvic acid and Lactic acid were measured and the absorbance was read using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm and 390nm respectively. The results were evaluated statistically and discussed.
RESULTS:
The results were analyzed using T test, Box and whisker analysis. The increase in mean serum and salivary levels of Pyruvic acid and Lactic acid found to be statistically significant respectively when compared to OSCC patients and healthy volunteers (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Pyruvic acid and lactic acid levels in serum and saliva were found to be increased in OSCC patients. Hence, pyruvic acid and lactic acid can be considered as potential biomarkers for diagnosis as well as in prognosis of OSCC
Comparative Analysis of Localized and Systemic Genotoxicity in Smokers With and Without Lesion using Micro Nucle1 Assay: A Case Control study
No full textBACKGROUND:
Development of tobacco smoking associated lesions are a well-documented phenomenon and the potential of these lesions turning malignant make them a health hazard. The presence of micronuclei has been established as a reliable marker for determining genetic damage. Therefore, evaluation of genotoxicity in smokers with (case) and without (controls) tobacco smoking associated lesions can be performed using micronuclei assay (Mn) in both exfoliated buccal mucosal cells as well as in in- vivo mitogen stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AIM OFTHE STUDY:
To evaluate and compare genotoxicity using micronuclei assay in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes in smokers with (case) and without (control)
tobacco smoking associated lesions.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate and compare micronuclei (MN) frequency in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells among smokers with and without tobacco smoking associated lesions and then to compare MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes among smokers with and without tobacco smoking associated lesions.
HYPOTHESIS:
There is an increased localized and systemic genotoxicity (i.e. increased frequency of MN) in cases than in controls.
METHODOLOGY:
A case control study was designed with 15 individuals with lesions (cases) and 15 individuals without lesions (controls).
Buccal mucosal micronuclei assay:
Buccal mucosal cells were collected by rubbing the buccal mucosa with a wooden spatula and directly spreading the smear onto a clean glass slide and fixed in Carnoys fixative. The smears were later stained using DNA specific Feulgen stain and counter stained with Light green.
Cytokinesis- block micronuclei assay:
5 ml of heparinized blood was obtained and added to culture media containing 5ml RPMI 1640, 1ml FBS and 0.3 ml phytohemagglutinin and incubated at 37˚C for 44 hours. At the end of 44th hour cytochalasin-B is added to block the mitosis and the culture is reincubated for 24 hours.
Cells are harvested between the 72nd and 74th hour from initial incubation. Cell pellets are made and used to prepare smears which are stained using Geimsa stain.
RESULTS:
There was an increase in micronuclei in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal mucosal cells of cases as compared with controls indicating a higher localized and systemic
genotoxicity in cases. Corelating the micronuclei in buccal exfoliated cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes, a statistically significant increase was observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of both cases and controls which indicates a higher systemic genotoxicity.
CONCLUSION:
Based on the results of this study we see that a higher genotoxicity occurs in individuals with smoking associated oral lesions. This genotoxicity is evident both locally and
systematically. Therefore, micronuclei assay can serve as an early indicator of development of oral malignancies
Comparison of Tongue Volume in Different Dentoskeletal Patterns using Three Different Methods
No full textAIM OF THE STUDY:
To evaluate the tongue volume in patients with different malocclusions by using three different methods.
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
A total sample of 30 individuals between the age group of 1 6 to 25 years was selected from the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics of Madha Dental College and Hospital. The group comprised of skeletal Class I - 10 subjects (control group), Class II-10 subjects, Class III - 10 subjects (Study group). Patients were screened and identified based on skeletal malocclusion. Those individuals were subjected to various analysis like MRI, CBCT, and MORPHOMETRY.
RESULTS:
The test statistics show whether the test results are significant or not. The chi -square test was applied to all three methods. Asymptotic significance is seen. MRI is highly significant than CBCT and MORPHOMETRY. All three KRUSKAL WALLIS TEST are significant as the P-value is less than 0.05.
CONCLUSION:
The p-value is highly significant in MRI, hence it is proved that MRI is more accurate than CBCT and MORPHOMETRY. MRI is more authentic than other methods of this study due to the precise location of soft t issue points