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Compact, gain-enhanced 5G mmWave antenna with metallic ground-backed reflector for high-speed railway communication systems
Full text linkThis research presents a compact, high-gain millimeter-wave antenna tailored for reliable 5 G communication in high-speed railway environments. The proposed antenna supports dual-band operation at 28 GHz (n257/n258) and 38 GHz (n260), enabling robust Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) links required for next-generation railway systems. The radiator occupies only 12 mm × 8 mm on a Rogers 6010LM substrate (εᵣ = 10.2, h = 0.64 mm). A Metallic Ground-Backing (MGB) reflector, positioned 9 mm behind the patch—λ/4 at 28 GHz—enhances forward radiation, suppresses back-lobes, and ensures highly directional coverage along railway tracks. The antenna achieves measured peak gains of 7.96 dBi at 28 GHz and 8.20 dBi at 38 GHz, with excellent impedance matching
and stable radiation patterns under mobility scenarios. Its unique combination of compact footprint, reflectoraided gain enhancement, and stable dual-band performance under dynamic conditions distinguishes it from conventional millimeter-wave solutions, making it a strong candidate for 5G-based high-speed railway communication modules and arrays
Service marketing in the perspective of industrial revolution 4.0
Full text linkServices marketing is a form of marketing that businesses that provide a service to their customers use to increase brand awareness and sales. Unlike product marketing, services marketing focuses on advertising intangible transactions that provide value to customers. While, industry 4.0 technologies have transformed the traditional methods of various study areas, using digitalization to fulfil sustainability and introduce innovative infrastructure. In the present era, every organization requires a distinct marketing strategy in order to meet customer and market demands in the form of products and services. Customer satisfaction, customer retention, customer behaviour, customer profiling, and rewards systems are key parameters in the effective implementation of an organization's marketing strategy for achieving better productivity.
The understanding of fundamental issues is at prime and the application of those issues or case studies will result in positive externalities to the present technology. This will result in marketing department to the firm, industry and the nation
Ultrasonic testing practical module : Thickness measurement (Olympus Epoch 650)
Full text linkThe primary purpose of this practical module is to guide operators or testers in understanding the use of ultrasonic testing equipment and accessories as well as to choose proper setting control to carry out tests effectively. This module provides complete instructions for methods and procedures as well as detailed explanations for conducting practical activity of ultrasonic testing. Although this module is developed based on the use of specific equipment, the basic theory and concepts of equipment operation are still compatible with other ultrasonic testing equipment with equivalent specifications. In general, the ultrasonic testing equipment has the same function and application, but different models, brands, and manufacturers. Therefore, it is highly expected that operators can apply the basic methods and related procedures learned from this module and use them even with different models and brands of equipment from this module. This module can also be used as a reference for any tester who wants to apply for a competency certificate as a Level 1 Ultrasonic Testing certified personnel
Genetic algorithm optimization of a wideband rectangular patch antenna with an asymmetric u-slot and partial ground for Ku-band satellite communication
Full text linkThis paper presents an innovative microstrip patch antenna (MPA) designed and optimized for Ku-band satellite communications. The proposed design incorporates an asymmetric U-shaped slot and a partial ground plane, constructed using an FR4 substrate with dimensions of 18 × 16 × 1.6 mm3 (0.416λ × 0.37λ × 0.03λ, where λ is the wavelength at 6.94 GHz). A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the U-shaped slot and ground plane dimensions, enhancing the antenna’s wideband performance while preserving its compact form factor. Simulation results indicate that the optimized design achieves two operational frequency bands with reflection coefficients (S11) less than −10 dB: a narrowband from 6.83 GHz to 7 GHz, with a resonant frequency of 6.94 GHz, and a wideband from 10.26 GHz to 17.19 GHz, with a resonant frequency of 14.94 GHz. This extensive frequency range enables the antenna to effectively
support direct broadcast services (DBSs) and fixed satellite services (FSS). The design’s effectiveness was confirmed through prototype fabrication and testing, demonstrating strong agreement with simulated results and proving the antenna’s compactness and exceptional wideband performance
The importance of security requirements in software development
Full text linkThe quality of security requirements in software development is very important to increase user confidence in using software to perform online transactions such as banking, booking and online payments. Security weaknesses are a major issue that contributes to the use of insecure online technologies. When there are security weaknesses, the application is easily exposed and hacked by irresponsible hackers, which in turn allows for data and software to be compromised that can harm users. Therefore, this book provides exposure to readers on the importance of security requirements in software development. Starting with an explanation of current issues and trends in security requirements in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the transformation towards a digital economy, this book explains the attributes and threats in security requirements and the tools in security requirements. In addition, MobiMEReq, an application that helps verify user requirements for the development of mobile applications, is also introduced. This book is useful for students, researchers, and software engineering practitioners who want to know the validation of security software requirement
Enhancing data integrity in internet of things-based healthcare applications: A visualization approach for duplicate detection
Full text linkThis study addresses the critical issue of data duplication in healthcare-related internet of things (IoT) datasets, which can compromise the reliability of analyses and patient outcomes. A Python-based visualization framework using Pandas and Matplotlib was developed to detect and represent duplicate records. The methodology was applied to six cancer-related datasets sourced from Kaggle, ranging from 300 to 55,000 records, encompassing numerical, textual, and categorical data types. The visualization technique provided clear insights into duplication patterns, identifying specific counts such as 7 duplicates in the wearable device dataset, 19 in the thyroid recurrence dataset, and 534 in the synthetic healthcare electronic health record (EHR) dataset. Compared to traditional detection methods, the visualization tool facilitated faster and more intuitive initial data assessment, demonstrating its effectiveness for rapid quality checks in healthcare datasets. However, scalability limitations were observed in larger datasets, where visual clarity declined. These findings highlight the value of visualization as a preliminary data quality assessment tool and suggest future integration with advanced detection algorithms to enhance robustness and scalability
Investigation on factors affecting cognitive skills in detection of driving fatigue
Full text linkRoad safety is a worldwide concern where a high number of fatalities and injuries are caused by traffic accidents. One major issue contributing to these incidents is driving while fatigued, which has been recognized as a contributing factor to accidents in many countries. Being tired while driving is a state that encompasses both physical and mental exhaustion and can greatly impair a person's ability to drive safely. Fatigue negatively affects a driver's cognitive abilities, resulting in decreased performance behind the wheel. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of driving duration, body mass index (BMI), types of roads and gender factor in causing fatigue while driving. Cognitive skills of drivers while driving was measured through the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal gathered from Emotiv EPOC device to measure brain activity. Relationship between cognitive skills and fatigue signalling is then analysed using regression analysis in Design-Expert software. Results indicated that as mental
fatigue increases, there is a noticeable decrease in the relative power of beta rhythm, supporting previous research findings. Results on correlation show that the longer the
drivers drove, the wearier they become. Obese people experience more fatigue when driving than those with a normal or overweight BMI. Driving on straight roads resulted
in greater fatigue compared to driving on winding ones, with female participants indicating higher levels of tiredness than male participants. These insights are crucial for road safety authorities to tailor their supervision methods based on individual characteristics and to design effective driver fatigue warnings
Performance analysis of shapeable-maximum power point tracking technique from thermoelectric-solar hybrid energy harvesting sources on mobile devices
No full textIn this study, the performance analysis of the thermoelectric-solar (TEM-SA) hybrid energy harvesting system is presented. The proposed system is analyzed for continuous and discontinuous load condition and mobile devices as a load. In this feed forward type of controller, Inverse Dynamic Analysis Input Shaper (IDAIS) is introduced to shape the unsteady response behavior to become stable input and is named as Shapeable MPPT (SMPPT). The experimental analysis is done to verify the performance of the new arrangement proposed circuit of HEHS which is used only one MPPT board.
An initial test is made in determining which energy-efficient sources are capable to produce the highest output. Then the device that produces the highest output is connected to the new arrangement proposed circuit incorporated SMPPT unit, the converter, and the energy storage. With constant source supply, full charging time obtained for mobile phone is 4 hours and 30 minutes which is equivalent to the charging period using the normal alternating current sources. Greater focus is then given to the charging time for some types of mobile phones that have different battery capacity mAH.
From the verification results, it is found that the load that having lowest mAh values steadily able to reach the full charging period faster than the others
Large-area electrodeposited WSe2 over graphene electrodes for optoelectronics
Full text linkIntegrating graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) into layered material heterostructures brings
together the exciting properties that each constituent 2D material offers. However, scaling the growth of graphene-TMD and related heterostructures remains a major challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the use of electrodeposition with a single source precursor (SSP), WSeCl4, to grow few-layer WSe2 using graphene as an electrode. Through characterization via photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy, we show that the electrodeposited WSe2 is stoichiometric and exhibits semiconducting and light-emitting properties. TEM imaging was also performed to show the ordering of the stacked layers of WSe2 over graphene, demonstrating the polycrystalline structure of
WSe2. This work paves the way toward utilizing electrodeposition to stack multiple TMDs, including MoS2, WS2, and WSe2 over graphene for electronic and optoelectronic applications
Upper airways modelling and validation of mandibular advancement surgery
No full textBackground: Most Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) treatments use cross-sectional examination of the Upper Airways (UA) to determine decreasing gap and UA length. Surgery is detrimental to all OSA patients, stressing the need for better assessment. Objective: This study integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with physical model validation to improve OSA prediction and turbulence model accuracy and dependability. Methods: The k-omega SST turbulence model is used to analyse OSA using CFD. SLS is used to build a physical model of the UA for CFD simulations. The UA’s physical model is then compared to the OSA-recommended CFD turbulence model to verify simulation-physical reality coherence. Result: The average UA pressure differential decreases considerably after mandibular advancement surgery. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) increases after surgery, indicating more turbulence. Cross-validation of the physical model confirms the OSA CFD turbulence simulation’s validity. Conclusion: The study concludes that matching UA simulations with physical models improves OSA assessments. CFD with established physical models is a reliable method for assessing OSA therapy, especially surgical operations. The post-surgery increase in TKE needs more study to determine its effects on OSA treatment outcomes