E-Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran / E-Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
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Intervention in Undergoing Surgery with Undiagnosed Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Case Report
Get PDFWolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a commonly undiagnosed cardiac rhythm anomaly in a previously healthy patient who may precipitate malignant arrhythmia under surgical stress. We report successful management of a reconstruction surgery patient who developed cardiac arrest under general anesthesia due to undiagnosed WPW syndrome and a malignant arrhythmia during subsequent emergency surgery. A male patient with no previous history of the co-existing disease, age 23 years old underwent 14 hours of leg reconstruction with a posterior back flap. At the end of the surgery, the patient developed malignant arrhythmia that worsens to pulseless ventricular tachycardia. High-quality resuscitation was conducted and resulted in the return of spontaneous circulation. The patient had to undergo emergency surgery the next day, and another episode of intraoperative malignant arrhythmia was treated with propafenone and diltiazem. The patient underwent ablation postoperatively and, on the 14th day, was discharged without any residual complications. In conclusion, WPW may appear asymptomatic in a healthy young patient. Good anesthesia management and monitoring, knowledge of selective antiarrhythmic drugs and high-quality resuscitation skills can provide an optimal outcome in an unpredicted intraoperative crisis.Laporan Kasus: Manajemen Pasien Sindrom Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) yang Menjalani Tindakan PembedahanSindrom Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) adalah kelainan irama jantung yang sering tidak terdiagnosis pada pasien usia muda dan sering tanpa gejala. Stres akibat pembedahan dapat memicu aritmia maligna pada kelainan ini. Kami melaporkan keberhasilan manajemen pada pasien bedah plastik rekonstruksi dalam anestesi umum yang mengalami henti jantung karena sindrom WPW yang tidak terdiagnosis sebelumnya dan terjadi aritmia maligna serupa pada operasi darurat berikutnya. Seorang laki-laki berusia 23 tahun tanpa riwayat penyakit penyerta sebelumnya, menjalani rekonstruksi kaki dengan flap posterior selama 14 jam. Pada akhir pembedahan, pasien mengalami aritimia maligna dan berkembang menjadi ventricular takikardia tanpa nadi. Tindakan resusitasi jantung paru berkualitas tinggi dilakukan dan sirkulasi spontan kembali muncul. Pasien harus menjalani operasi darurat keesokan harinya dan mengalami episode aritmia maligna ulangan intraoperatif yang telah berhasil diidentifikasi pada pemeriksaan pascaoperasi pertama sebagai sindrom Wolff-Parkinson-White. Aritmia maligna tersebut diatasi dengan pemberian propafenon dan diltiazem. Pasien menjalani tindakan ablasi pascaoperasi dan pulang pada hari keempat belas perawatan tanpa gejala sisa. Simpulan, sindrom WPW mungkin tampak asimtomatik pada pasien muda yang sehat. Manajemen anestesi yang baik, pengetahuan mengenai profil berbagai obat antiaritmia serta pelaksanaan tindakan resusitasi berkualitas tinggi dapat memberikan hasil keluaran yang optimal bila terjadi krisis intraoperatif yang tidak diperkirakan sebelumnya
The Pattern of Iodine Food Source Intake in Early Adolescents in Junior High School in Jatinangor
Get PDFBackground: Iodine is one of the essential micronutrients for normal growth, development, and metabolism throughout life. Studies about the pattern of iodine food source intake in Indonesia are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the current pattern of iodine food source intake among early adolescents.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, the pattern of iodine food source intake in early adolescents aged 11–14 years attending Junior High School in Jatinangor Sumedang, Indonesia was assessed from September to October 2014, by validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eating patterns were divided into four categories based on Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).Results: The average iodine daily intake of the subjects was 356.27 mcg. The highest frequency of the iodine intake category was adequate in students aged 11–12 years old (100%), compared to aged 13–14 years old (79.2%).Conclusions: The daily iodine intake in Junior High School students is sufficient. Further assessment in areas elsewhere in West Java needs to be conducted to have a better picture of the pattern of iodine food source intake in adolescents
Comparison of Gastrocnemius Muscle Strength between Basketballs and Non-basketball Player
Get PDFBackground: Basketball is one of the best aerobic-predominant exercises and the most important muscle used in this sport is the gastrocnemius muscle. This muscle plantar flexes the ankle when the knee is extended to maintain the balance and to stabilize the body during vigorous movements. Furthermore, the gluteus, quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves may get activated when running up and down the court and jump in the air when doing basketball training. This study was conducted to compare the gastrocnemius muscle strength in basketball and non-basketball players.Methods: This analytical study was to measure the gastrocnemius muscle strength in basketball (n=16) and non-basketball (n=16) players, using hand-held dynamometer (HHD). Gender, weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and maximal gastrocnemius muscle strength were recorded and compared between groups. The study was conducted from August to October 2013 in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran.Results: The maximal gastrocnemius muscle strength showed no significant differences both in basketball and non-basketball players for females and males with p-value 0.092 and 0.711, respectively.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in gastrocnemius muscle strength between basketball and non-basketball players in males as well as in females. Presumably, there are other muscles that take parts to develop leg power by doing the right weight-training exercises
Talk Shows and Leaflets Improve Senior High School Student Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Diseases
Get PDFBackground: The increase of chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence and its related costs in developing countries have urged all levels of society prevent this disease. Prevention can be effectively done when someone has good knowledge about the disease. This study aimed to observe the change in knowledge about CKD before and after education sessions in the form of talk shows as well as through the leaflet media among senior high school students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational quantitative study on 71 first-grade students participated in World Kidney Day 2019 event. The questionnaire was distributed before and after the education program and data collected were analyzed using the Wilcoxon-signed rank test and Mann-Whitney test to explore changes in the level of knowledge based on the characteristics of the subjects.Results: The median level of student knowledge before education was 76% (16-96%), which increased to 92% (28-100%) after education (p<0.001). No significant correlation was observed between knowledge about CKD and gender (p=0.486), family history of CKD (p=0.281), and health workers as parents (p=0.543).Conclusion: There is a significant improvement in knowledge of CKD before and after an education session through talk shows and leaflets among senior high school students. Health educations need to be regularly given to young adolescents using different approaches to increase their knowledge about various topics
Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma Longa on Cardiac Biomarkers of Doxorubicin-Induced Rats
Get PDFCardiotoxicity is a condition where damages caused by toxic chemical exposure are observed in heart and blood vessels. Doxorubicin is the most common chemotherapy agents for various types of cancer therapy. However, doxorubicin is converted into doxorubicinol known to trigger cardiac disfunctions and release of several cardiac biomarkers, such as CK-MB and LDH. Turmeric is known to be an alternative medical treatment that has the effect of neutralizing oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate CK-MB and LDH levels in doxorubicin-induced rats (20 mg/kgBW) that received turmeric ethanolic extract from curcuma. This was an experimental study conducted in February 2020 in the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Sumatera Utara. The rats were divided into six group and each group consisted of wistar albino male rats. The groups were normal (CMC-Na), positive control (Vitamin E 1%+Dox 20 mg/kgBW), negative control (Dox 20 mg/kgBW), treatment I (EEC 100 mg/kgBW+Dox 20 mg/kgBW), treatment II (EEC 300 mg/kgBW+Dox 20 mg/kgBW), and treatment III (EEC 500 mg/kgBW+Dox 15 mg/kgBW). Doxorubicin was given 5 mg/kgBW once a week for four weeks. Results showed that the groups that received 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 500 mg/kgBW of turmeric ethanol extract demonstrated a reducing effect on the biomarkers of cardiac damage, i.e. CK-MB and LDH. Statistically, serum CK-MB and LDH levels at dose 500 mg/kgBW showed no significant differences (p>0.05) with the normal and positive treatment group. In conclusion, turmeric has a cardioprotective effect. Pengaruh Kardioprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Curcuma Longa pada Tikus yang Diinduksi DoxorubicinKardiotoksisitas adalah kondisi terjadinya jantung dan pembuluh darah akibat paparan kimia. Doxorubicin diubah menjadi doxorubicinol yang diketahui menyebabkan gangguan fungsi jantung dan pelepasan biomarker jantung sseperti CK-MB dan LDH. Kunyit dikenal sebagai pengobatan alternatif yang memiliki efek menetralkan stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Februari 2020 di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kadar CK-MB dan LDH pada tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol kunyit yang diinduksi doksorubisin (20 mg/kgbb). Penelitian dibagi menjadi enam kelompok dan tiap-tiap kelompok terdiri atas 4 ekor tikus wistar albino jantan: normal (CMC-Na), kontrol positif (Vitamin E 1%+Dox 20 mg/kgBB), kontrol negatif (Dox 20 mg/kgBB), group I (EEC 100 mg/kgBB+Dox 20 mg/kgBB), group II (EEC 300 mg/kgBB+Dox 20 mg/kgBB), dan group III (EEC 500 mg/kgBB+Dox 15 mg/kgBB). Doxorubicin 5 mg/kgBB diberikan 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol kunyit dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 300 mg/kgbb, 500 mg/kgBB memiliki efek penurunan biomarker kerusakan jantung yaitu CK-MB dan LDH. Berdasar atas hasil uji statistik kadar CK-MB dan LDH serum pada dosis 500 mg/kgBB tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) dengan kelompok normal dan positif, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kunyit memiliki efek kardioprotektif
Accuracy of SVS-WIfI Classification in Predicting Major Amputation in Critical Limb Ischemic Patients
Get PDFIn 2014, The Society for Vascular Surgery revealed a new classification system for Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) referred as the Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (SVS WIfI). This scoring system was created to stratify major amputations risk within 1 year and benefit of revascularization for the patient. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of SVS WIFi in predicting major amputations in patients with lower limb ischemia underwent revascularization at Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2016 - 2019. This was a retrospective observational analytic study with cohort design. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed with SVS WIfI and results after 1 year of revascularization were identified. Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test. 0f 56 subjects, 39 had limb salvage and 17 underwent major amputations within 1 year. In high revascularization benefit group, 31 had limb salvage and 7 underwent amputation. Meanwhile, in moderate-low revascularization benefits group, 8 had limb salvage and 10 underwent amputation. The accuracy of the SVS WIfI recommendation was 73.2%. Therefore, WIfI SVS classification accurately predicts the incidence of major amputations in patients with lower limb ischemia who underwent revascularization. Akurasi Klasifikasi SVS-WIfI dalam Memprediksi Amputasi Mayor pada Pasien Iskemik Tungkai BawahPada tahun 2014, The Society for Vascular Surgery mengemukakan sistem klasifikasi baru untuk CLI yaitu SVS-WIfI. Sistem skoring ini dibuat untuk menstratifikasi risiko amputasi mayor dalam 1 tahun bila dilakukan revaskularisasi pada pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat akurasi SVS WIfI dalam memprediksi kejadian amputasi mayor pada pasien iskemia tungkai bawah yang menjalani revaskularisasi dan di lakukan di Departemen Ilmu Bedah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin pada tahun 2016-2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan retrospective cohort study. Pasien yang memenuhi persyaratan dilakukan penilaian dengan SVS WIfI dan di-follow up selama 1 tahun, hasil hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan tes Chi-square dan dilakukan perhitungan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan akurasi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 56 pasien yang menjalani revaskularisasi, didapatkan sebanyak 39 pasien yang tidak mengalami amputasi mayor dan 17 pasien yang mengalami amputasi mayor dalam 1 tahun. Dari penelitian ini kelompok pasien dengan manfaat revaskularisasi yang tinggi didapatkan 31 pasien tidak mengalami amputasi, sedangkan 7 pasien mengalami amputasi, pada kelompok pasien dengan manfaat revaskularisasi sedang-rendah, 8 pasien tidak mengalami amputasi, sedangkan 10 pasien mengalami amputasi dan didapatkan hasil uji chi square berdasarkan manfaat vaskularisasi dan kejadian amputasi diperoleh nilai P=0,005, dan Akurasi dari rekomendasi SVS WIfI adalah 73,2%. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan Klasifikasi SVS WIfI akurat dalam memprediksi kejadian amputasi mayor pada pasien iskemia tungkai bawah yang menjalani revaskularisasi
Sweet Taste Threshold among Medical Students with Family History of Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Diabetic patients have low sensitivity towards sweet taste, thus consuming more sugar. A young adult with family history of diabetes mellitus (FHD) who lives with diabetic parents may have an increased risk of overconsumption of sugar due to a similar dietary pattern, leading to diabetes. This study aimed to explore the difference in the sweet taste threshold (STT) between students with and without a family history of diabetes mellitus.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in October –November 2018 on Class 2018 medical students living in a student dormitory who were divided into those with family history of diabetes (FHD) and those without it (non-FHD). Family history of diabetes and other known diseases were self-reported. The three-Ascending Forced Choice method was used to determine the sweet recognition threshold. Mann-Whitney analysis was used to compare the sweet taste thresholds between the two groups.Result: A total of 183 subjects participated in this study. The non-FHD group had a higher rank of sweet taste threshold than subjects in the FHD group (94.21 vs 81.16), albeit insignificant (p=0.192). Interestingly, the modes of best estimation threshold (BET) for non-FHD group was than the FHD group (0.067 M vs 0.043 M).Conclusion: The BET for students without family history of diabetes is higher than those with family history of diabetes. It is imperative that low sugar consumption campaign should also aim young people without FHD.
Management of Septic Shock with Complications of Acute Renal Failure in Patients with Secondary Peritonitis
No full textPeritonitis akibat infeksi intraabdominal, khususnya peritonitis sekunder merupakan salah satu penyebab syok sepsis dengan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Perkembangan dalam pemahaman fisiologi, pemantauan, dan tunjangan sistem kardiopulmonal, serta penggunaan obat-obat baru secara rasional membuat mortalitas stabil pada kisaran 30%. Kasus ini mengenai seorang pasien perempuan usia 67 tahun masuk rumah sakit dengan diagnosis peritonitis generalisata karena suspek perforasi Hollow viscous. Setelah menjalani operasi laparatomi untuk source control, pasien dirawat di ICU selama 5 hari. Selama perawatan pasien mengalami edema paru, sepsis, anemia, hipokalemia, hipoalbuminemia, serta acute kidney injury (AKI). Pada pasien dilakukan tindakan ventilasi mekanik selama 4 hari yang diiringi dengan pemantauan analisis gas darah arteri dan furosemid untuk tata laksana edema paru dan fluid overload. Resusitasi dan pemeliharaan cairan sambil memantau hemodinamik konvensional dan melalui ICON, balance kumulatif, fluid overload, tekanan vena sentral, serta urine output. Terapi antimikrob diberikan berdasar atas pedoman terapi infeksi intraabdominal dan antibiogram ICU rumah sakit. Kondisi perfusi dipantau dengan kadar laktat dan SCVO2. Respons antibiotik dan perbaikan sepsis dipantau dengan pemeriksaan prokalsitonin dan leukosit. Perbaikan AKI dipantau dengan produksi urine serta kadar ureum dan kreatinin. Penatalaksanaan peritonitis sekunder dengan komplikasi sepsis dengan penyulit AKI telah berhasil dilakukan di ICU. Peritonitis sekunder memiliki tingkat mortalitas yang cukup tinggi, namun dengan source control yang adekuat dan manajemen di ICU yang agresif maka diperoleh hasil yang baik seperti pada kasus ini.Management of Septic Shock with Acute Renal Failure Complications in Secondary Peritonitis PatientsPeritonitis due to intraabdominal infection, especially secondary peritonitis is one of the major causes of septic shock with high morbidity and mortality. Developments in understanding the physiology, monitoring and supportive therapy for cardiopulmonary system and rational use of new drugs, make mortality stable at around 30%. A 67-year-old female patient was hospitalized with generalized peritonitis due to suspected Hollow Viscous perforation. After undergoing laparotomy for source control, the patient was treated in the ICU for five days. During treatment, the patient experiences pulmonary edema, sepsis, anemia, hypokalaemia, and hypoalbuminemia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). The patient received mechanical ventilation intervention for four days accompanied by monitoring of arterial blood gas analysis and furosemide administration for pulmonary edema and fluid overload management. Fluid resuscitation and maintenance are monitored by conventional hemodynamic monitoring and through ICON, and by cumulative balance calculation, fluid overload calculation, central venous pressure, and urine output. Antimicrobial therapy is given based on guidelines for intraabdominal infection therapy and antibiogram at the hospital ICU. The condition of perfusion is monitored by examination of lactate and SCVO2 levels. Antibiotic response and improvement in sepsis are monitored by examination of procalcitonin and leukocytes. AKI improvement is monitored by urine production, and urea and creatinine levels. Management of secondary peritonitis with complications of sepsis and AKI has been successfully carried out in the ICU. Secondary peritonitis has a fairly high mortality rate, but with adequate source control and aggressive management in the ICU, good results are obtained as in this case.Peritonitis due to intraabdominal infection, especially secondary peritonitis is one of the major causes of septic shock with high morbidity and mortality. Developments in understanding the physiology, monitoring and supportive therapy for cardiopulmonary system, as well as rational use of new drugs, make mortality stable at around 30%. A 67-year-old female patient was hospitalized with generalized peritonitis due to suspected Hollow Viscous perforation. After undergoing laparotomy for source control, the patient was treated in the ICU for 5 days. During treatment, the patient experiences pulmonary edema, sepsis, anemia, hypokalaemia, and hypoalbuminemia, as well as acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients received mechanical ventilation intervention for 4 days accompanied by monitoring of arterial blood gas analysis and furosemide administration for pulmonary edema and fluid overload management. Fluid resuscitation and maintenance monitored by conventional hemodynamics monitoring and through ICON, and by cumullative balance calculation, fluid overload calculation, and measured of central venous pressure, and urine output. Antimicrobial therapy is given based on guidelines for intraabdominal infection therapy and antibiogram at the hospital ICU. The condition of perfusion is monitored by examination of lactate and SCVO2 levels. Antibiotic response and improvement in sepsis are monitored by examination of procalcitonin and leukocytes. AKI improvement is monitored by urine production, as well as urea and creatinine levels. Management of secondary peritonitis with complications of sepsis and AKI has been successfully carried out in the ICU. Secondary peritonitis has a fairly high mortality rate, but with adequate source control and aggressive management in the ICU, good results are obtained as in this case
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) Score in Medical Illness Patients
Get PDFObjective: To describe applicability of The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) score to implement venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with medical illness in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Methods: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional research from database was performed on December 2018. Inclusion criteria in this study were all patients hospitalized in Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in November 2018 with medical illness, which is patients with medical condition involves a more systemic, pharmaceutical approach to treatment. Exclusion criteria were surgical disease, which is requires some form of intervention such as surgery, also patients with incomplete medical record were excluded.Results: There were 162 patients (56% male and 44% female). Median age were higher in males compared to females (53 [18-76] vs. 49 [18-85]) years. Low-risk (score 4) for IMPROVE venous thromboembolism score were 77.2%, 17.3%, and 5.6% respectively. ). Low-risk (score 7) for IMPROVE bleeding score were 75.9% and 24.1% respectively. Medical thromboprophylaxis were given to 14.8% patients, with 91.7% and 8.3% of the patients received unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) respectively. Thromboprophylaxis was given in 88.9% of high-risk patients for venous thromboembolism. There were 18.7% patients with low-risk and 2.6% with high-risk for bleeding that received prophylaxis.Conclusion: The majority of inpatients treated with thromboprophylaxis had low-risk for both thromboembolism and bleeding. The rate of thromboprophylaxis usage was still low; with the most frequently used thromboprophylaxis agent was UFH. Most of high-risk patients for venous thromboembolism received thromboprophylaxis.
A REMS Scan-Based Report on Relation Between Body Mass Index and Osteoporosis in Urban Population of Medan at Royal Prima Hospital
Get PDFBody Mass Index (BMI) and osteoporosis are two major medical issues in practical life. Body Mass Index is recognized as an index to determine body fat mass while osteoporosis is a condition that decreases bone mass density and disrupts bone architecture, which will eventually affect bone strength and increase the risk of fracture. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and osteoporosis using REMS. This was a cross-sectional study on 300 patients, 21 years of age and above, who underwent Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry (REMS) scan during October 2018 to September 2019 in Royal Prima Hospital, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Osteoporosis was defined based on densitometer parameters for spine and neck of femur while the BMI categories used were underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2), pre-obese (25-29.9 kg/m2), obese type 1 (BMI 30-40 kg/m2), and obese type 2 (40.1-50 kg/m2). Correlation between osteoporosis and BMI was analyzed using Spearman correlation test. The median BMIs for Spine osteoporosis and Neck of Femur osteoporosis groups were 23.24 and 22.51, respectively. Meanwhile, the central tendency of the bone mass density (gr/cm2) of the spine and neck of femur osteoporosis were 0.70 and 0.53, respectively. There was a significant correlation between BMI and the incidence of the neck of femur (R coefficient = -0.690) and spine (R = -0.390) osteoporosis. Hence, lower BMI increases the potential of the neck of femur and spine osteoporosis.Laporan Berbasis Pemindaian REMS tentang Hubungan Antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Osteoporosis pada Penduduk Kota Medan di Rumah Sakit Royal PrimaIndeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan osteoporosis merupakan dua masalah medis utama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Indeks Massa Tubuh telah diakui sebagai indeks yang digunakan untuk menentukan massa lemak tubuh sementara osteoporosis merupakan kondisi yang menurunkan kepadatan tulang dan mengganggu arsitektur tulang yang pada akhirnya memengaruhi kekuatan tulang dan meningkatkan risiko fraktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara BI dan osteoporosis dengan menggunakan Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry (REMS). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada 300 pasien berusia 21 tahun ke atas yang menjalani pemindaian REMS selama periode Oktober 2018 sampai September 2019 di RS Royal Prima Medan. Osteoporosis ditentukan berdasarkan parameteri densitometri untuk tulang belakang dan leher femur sementara kategori BMI yang digunakan adalah berat badan (BB) kurang (<18,5 kg/m2), BB normal- (18,5-22,9 kg/m2), BB berlebih (23-24,9 kg/m2), pra-obesitas (25-29.9 kg/m2), obesitas tipe 1 (BMI 30-40 kg/m2), dan obesitas tipe 2 (40.1-50 kg/m2). Korelasi antara osteoporosis dan BMI dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Median IMT untuk osteoporosis pada tulang belakang dan leher femur adalah, secara berturut-turut, 23,24 dan 22,51. Terdapat perbedaan antara IMT dan insiden osteoporosis leher femur (R=-0,690) dan tulang punggung (R=-0,390). Dengan demikian, IMT yang lebih rendah meningkatkan kemungkinan osteoporosis di leher femur dan tulang belakang