E-Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran / E-Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
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Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Anemia, and Undernutrition Among School-Children in An Elementary School in North Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFThe strategy to control soil-transmitted helminth (STH) is through periodic deworming to eliminate infective worms among children. Helminthiasis is known to impair the nutrition and physical status of infected children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship between nutritional status and infection among School-Age Children (SAC) following deworming campaigns in Public Elementary School 6 Cilincing, North Jakarta, Indonesia. This study was a cross-sectional analytical observation on 82 children sampled using the Kato Katz approach during the period of August and November 2019. Nutritional status was determined using the standardized AnthroPlus Software while the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to statistically analyze the data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on hygiene and deworming pill consumption. Results showed that 7.3% of 82 children were infected with at least one of the following STH parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides accounts (n=3, 3.7%), Trichuris trichiura (n=2, 2.4%), and Enterobius vermicularis (n=1, 1.2%). Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration of <8-11.9 g/dL for the age group of 8-13 years old. Of all participants, 10 (12%) were anemic. The proportion of children representing mild and moderate anemia were 4% and 6%, respectively. The prevalence of infection was not associated with anemia and STH infection did not present significant association with undernutrition statusAlmost children practiced hand washing before eating (93.9%). About 96% of children had pit latrines and only 24 children (29.5%) took deworming pills in the last 6 months. Thus, routine anthelminthic treatment for school children in urban areas is necessary. Infeksi Cacing yang ditularkan melalui Tanah, Anemia dan Gizi Buruk pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta Utara, Indonesia Strategi pengendalian cacingan melalui pemberian obat cacing berkala untuk memberantas cacingan pada anak. Anak terinfeksi dapat mengalami gangguan gizi dan fisik. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi STH dan hubungan status gizi anak sekolah pasca kampanye pemberantasan cacing di SDN 6 Cilincing, Jakarta Utara. Observasional analitik dengan desain studi potong lintang digunakan dalam sampel kato-katz dari 82 anak sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan dari Agustus-November 2019. Status gizi ditentukan menggunakan software AnthroPlus. Uji Kolmogorov smirnov untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 7,3% dari 82 anak terinfeksi setidaknya satu parasit STH. Parasit yang teridentifikasi, Ascaris lumbricoides sebanyak 3 (3,7%). Trichuris trichiura 2 (2.4%) diklasifikasikan infeksi ringan dan Enterobius vermicularis 1 (1,2%). Anemia didefinisikan bila konsentrasi Hb <8-11,9 g/dL untuk anak 8-13 tahun. Secara total, 10 (12%) anak anemia. Proporsi anak mewakili anemia ringan dan sedang masing-masing adalah 4%, dan 6%. Prevalensi infeksi tidak berhubungan dengan anemia. Anak positif STH tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kekurangan gizi pada anak. Pengumpulan data kuesioner dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hampir semua anak mempraktikkan kebersihan tangan yang benar, mencuci tangan sebelum makan (93,9%). Memiliki jamban 96% dan hanya 24 anak (29,5%) minum obat cacing 6 bulan terakhir. Hasil ini mendukung antihelmintik rutin pada anak sekolah di daerah perkotaan
Length of Stay Children Hospitalized with Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Etiology and Stage in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung
Get PDFObjectives: This study aims to describe the LOS children hospitalized with CKD based on the etiology and stage at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in 2016–2018.Methods: This was a retrospective study with a cross-sectional design from June–October 2019. The inclusion were all medical records of pediatric inpatient diagnosed with CKD and exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data and hospital readmission patients. The variables studied were CKD etiology, CKD stage, and length of stayResults: From 103 patients, the etiologies found were steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) (58.25%), congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (9.71%), urinary tract infection (5.83%), and chronic glomerulonephritis (21.36%). The mean LOS was 19 days. The longest LOS found in CKD stage 5 patients caused by SRNS (141 days). Meanwhile, the shortest LOS was found in CKD stage 2 patients caused by chronic glomerulonephritis and CKD stage 5 patients were caused by SRNS who died (1 day). Conclusion: Pediatric patients with CKD stage 5 with SRNS has the potential to have a longer LOS than other etiologies
Comparison of Cognitive Functions between Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patients without Clinical Stroke
Get PDFObjective: To compare cognitive functions between paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients without clinical stroke, in terms of MoCA-Ina total score and MoCA-Ina cognitive subdomains scores. Methods: A comparative study that compared MoCA-Ina scores between paroxysmal and persistent AF patients without clinical stroke, who came for treatment at the Cardiology Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung and Dustira Hospital, Cimahi from September 2018–January 2019. Results: Sixty four subjects were recruited, consisted of 24 paroxysmal and 40 persistent AF patients. There were no difference in clinical characteristics between two groups, except that there were more subjects in the persistent AF group using anticoagulants therapy: 97.5% vs 62.5% (p=0.005) and more prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the paroxysmal AF group: 25% vs 2.5% (p=0.009). Cognitive impairment (MoCA-Ina score 0.05).Conclusion: There were no differences in cognitive functions between paroxysmal and persistent AF patients, both in terms of MoCA-Ina total score and MoCA-Ina cognitive subdomains scores, although in both groups had cognitive decline
Intracranial Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of a Young Woman with Luminal B Her-2 Positive Stage 4 Breast Cancer
Get PDFObjective: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastasis (BM) among all of the solid cancers, with metastases occurring in 10%–16% of patients and in as many as 30% of autopsy studies. Breast cancer-related BM usually has a poor prognosis and survival rate in the absence of any treatment within 2 months. Survival after BM is related to the subtype of the primary tumor. Human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2)-positive patients have a significantly better prognosis compared with other subtypes. The prognosis for the majority of patients with BM remains poor, despite local and systemic therapies, with a median survival of around 10 months.Methods: This case is interesting because our patient is very young, diagnosed with BM before breast cancer was identified, bit still surviving 12 months after her BM diagnosis. A 19-year old woman presented with seizures, vomit and headaches.Results: A cranial CT-scan showed an intracranial mass. The intracranial tumor was removed, and yielded a histopathological result of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Further examination found a lump in her right breast. She was diagnosed with intracranial metastatic stage 4 luminal B Her 2(+) breast cancer. She was referred for WBRT, a mastectomy, chemotherapy with docetaxel cyclophosphamide 4 cycles, followed by 12 cycles of trastuzumab, and continued treatment with tamoxifen and goserelin. The last PET-Scan showed no residual disease.Conclusion: Breast cancer as the primary tumor should be considered in women with a metastatic brain tumor. With appropriate treatment, even stage IV luminal B breast cancer with BM can still have a long life with good quality
The Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women in Jatinangor
Get PDFBackground: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is polymicrobial that causes superficial vaginitis due to a shift in vaginal flora. In pregnant women, BV can result in a significant risk of some serious consequences. The objective of this study was to identify the BV prevalence and to explore the characteristics and personal hygiene practices among pregnant women.Methods: This study was conducted in Desa Cipacing, Jatinangor, using the cross-sectional descriptive method, including pregnant women. The BV was detected by Gram-stained vaginal smears using Nugent Score. Furthermore, other microorganisms such as trichomoniasis and candidiasis were detected by direct microscopic observation. The questionnaire was distributed, consisting of details of personal hygiene practices.Results: In total, 17.9% of 52 pregnant women included were diagnosed with BV and 14.3% with mixed infection. Pregnant women with BV were predominantly aged younger than 25 years (61.1%), nullipara (50%) and in a second-trimester pregnancy (50%).Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is common among young pregnant women, predominantly in their first pregnancy. It is related to personal hygiene practices, indicating the need for targeted interventions of healthcare education among these young pregnant women to reduce the BV prevalence
Translation and Validation of Indonesian Version of Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire
Get PDFSystemic sclerosis (SSc) or Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy, fibrosis, and autoimmunity. Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnare (SHAQ) is a measurement of SSc that is more specific than Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index(DI) to measure disability and function.The aim of this study was to translate SHAQ into Indonesian language and assess its validity and reability. The SHAQ was translated into Indonesian language and then back translated to ensure the meaning. The Indonesian version was then applied to the SSc outpatients. The validity of HAQ-DI and VAS scores was assessed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Cronbach’s alpha for the reability test of SSc HAQ score. To determine the convergent validity, comparisons were made between HAQ-DI, Scleroderma Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF 36). Eighteen females, ranging between 42 to 66 years old, were included in this study from Desember 2019 to February 2020. The results of the validity test in all variables of HAQ-DI and SSc-VAS were valid (r-count >0.361). Cronbach’s alpha for these variables were higher than the standardized items (r > 0.700), reflecting very good reability and acceptable. There was a statistically significant correlation between SSc HAQ score and HAQ-DI with most of SF-36 physical domains, except for general health.The Indonesian version of SHAQ demonstrates a good construct and discriminant validity as well as the reproducibility. Thus, it can be used for measuring disability in systemic sclerosis patients. Translasi dan Validasi Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire versi Bahasa IndonesiaSklerosis sistemik atau skleroderma merupakan penyakit autoimun kronik dengan vaskulopati, fibrosis dan autoimunitas. Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ)menilai disabilitas dan fungsi pada pasien sklerosis sistemiklebih spesifik dibandingkan Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index (DI). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menerjemahkan SHAQ ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan menilai validitas serta relialibilitasnya. Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan kemudian dilakukan translasi balik lalu kuesioner diisi oleh pasien sklerosis sistemik rawat jalan. Tes validitas HAQ-DI dan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) dinilai menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach’s alpha. Perbandingan antara HAQ-DI, Scleroderma-VAS, dan Short Form 36 (SF 36) dilakukan untuk menilai validitas konvergen. Subjek terdiri dari 18 orang wanita yang berusia antara 42 sampai 66 tahun dari Desember 2019 sampai Februari 2020. Hasil validitas pada semua parameter HAQ-DI dan SSc-VAS ditemukan valid (r hitung>0,361). Terdapat reliabilitas yang baik dilihat dari nilai Cronbach’s alpha yang lebih tinggi dari nilai r tabel (r>0,700). Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara Skleroderma-HAQ dan HAQ-DI dengan domain SF-36 kecuali domain kesehatan umum. Simpulan, bahwa SHAQ versi Indonesia memiliki konstruk dan validitas diskriminan serta reproduktifitas yang baik sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menilai disabilitas pada pasien sklerosis sistemik
Platelet-Derived Microparticle Count in β-Thalassemia Patients with Direct Labeling Monoclonal Antibody CD62P and CD41
Get PDFThromboembolic events are potentially life-threatening clinical complications found in β-thalassemia patients. The pathogenesis of the hypercoagulable state in β-thalassemia patients results from the degradation of excess α-globin chains in red blood cells, leading to intracellular labile iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and more rigid, deformed, and eventually prematurely damaged red blood cells. This process is associated with the loss of the normal asymmetrical distribution of membrane phosphatidylserine and its exposure to the outer surface of the blood cell membrane resulting in the formation of tenase complexes, prothrombinase, and thrombin complexes. Increased thrombins lead to platelet activation and platelet-derived microparticles synthesis, which in turn contributes to thrombus formation. This study aimed to determine the increase in the platelet-derived microparticle count by direct labeling of CD62P and CD41 monoclonal antibodies in β-thalassemia patients when compared with normal subjects. This was a cross-sectional analytical quantitative study conducted in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung and Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta Indonesia between August and September 2019. Sixty patients, divided evenly into β-thalassemia group and control group, were labeled by CD62P and CD41 monoclonal antibodies. Results showed that the β-thalassemia group had a platelet count of 197x103/uL (58–1,261) with a median count for platelet-derived microparticles of 10,553 events/uL (779–90,971) as opposed to 1,861 events/uL (1,244–3,174) in the normal group (p<0.05). Therefore, the platelet-derived microparticle count in the β-thalassemia patients is 5.7 times greater than in the normal subjects.Jumlah Platelet Derived Microparticles pada Pasien Thalassemia β dengan Metode Pelabelan Langsung Antibodi Monoklonal CD62P dan CD41Kejadian tromboemboli berpotensi komplikasi klinis yang mengancam jiwa ditemukan pada pasien thalassemia β. Patogenesis keadaan hiperkoagulasi pada pasien thalassemia β akibat dari degradasi rantai globin α berlebih dalam sel darah merah yang menghasilkan akumulasi besi labil intraseluler, dan mengarah pada stres oksidatif serta sel darah merah yang lebih kaku dan cacat, dengan akibat kerusakan prematur. Proses ini dikaitkan dengan hilangnya distribusi asimetris normal dari fosfatidilserin membran dan paparannya pada permukaan luar membran sel darah, yang meyebabkan pembentukan kompleks tenase, kompleks protrombinase dan trombin. Peningkatan trombin mengarah pada aktivasi trombosit dan sintesis platelet derived microparticles yang selanjutnya berkontribusi pada pembentukan trombus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui peningkatan jumlah platelet derived microparticles dengan metode pelabelan langsung antibodi monoklonal CD62P dan CD41 pada pasien thalassemia β dibanding dengan subjek normal. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analitik potong lintang yang dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais Jakarta antara bulan Agustus dan September 2019. Enam puluh pasien, dibagi secara merata menjadi kelompok thalassemia β dan kelompok kontrol, diberi label oleh CD62P dan CD41 antibodi monoklonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok thalassemia β memiliki jumlah trombosit 197x103/uL (58–1.261) dengan jumlah median platelet derived microparticles 10.553 partikel/uL (779–90.971) dibanding dengan 1.861 partikel/uL ( 1,244–3,174) pada kelompok normal (p<0,05). Simpulan, jumlah platelet derived microparticles pada pasien thalassemia β adalah 5,7 kali lebih besar daripada pada subjek normal
Antioxidant Activities of Black Soybean Extract (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and Daidzein as Hydroxyl and Nitric Oxide Scavengers
Get PDFFree radicals are known as a leading factor in aging. Nitric oxide (NO) and O2•- have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of matrix components and stimulate prolidase activities involved in collagen degradation. Hydroxyl (•OH) radical is a precursor of hyaluronic acid degradation. Antioxidants act as a scavenger for free radicals, creating a possibility to use them to prevent the aging process. Black soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) contain bioactive compounds that have the ability to scavenge free radicals, including daidzein. Daidzein belongs to the isoflavones group which is the most active compound in black soybean. This study aimed to understand the antioxidant activities of the black soybean extract (BSE) and daidzein compound in the scavenging of •OH and NO radicals and was performed at the Aretha Medika Utama-Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), Bandung, Indonesia, from September to November 2018. The scavenging activity of •OH was assessed using the deoxyribose method, while the assessment of the scavenging of NO radicals was carried out using the sodium nitroprusside method. BSE and daidzein had an •OH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 71.07 μg/mL, followed by daidzein with 24.57 μg/mL. A higher NO scavenging activity was seen in BSE with an IC50 of 71.60 μg/mL followed by daidzein with 35.68 μg/mL. Daidzein has a higher antioxidant activity through hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging compared to Glycine max (L.) Merr. extract. Hence, daidzein has a higher potential as an anti-aging agent based on the free-radical theory of aging. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dan Daidzein sebagai Pemerangkap Hidroksil dan Nitrogen MonoksidaRadikal bebas dikenal sebagai faktor utama penuaan. Nitrogen monoksida (NO) dan O2•- telah terbukti menghambat sintesis komponen matriks dan merangsang aktivitas prolidase yang terlibat dalam degradasi kolagen. Radikal hidroksil (•OH) adalah prekursor dari degradasi asam hialuronat. Antioksidan bertindak sebagai pemerangkap radikal bebas sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mencegah proses penuaan. Kedelai hitam (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang mampu memerangkap radikal bebas, salah satunya adalah daidzein. Daidzein termasuk dalam kelompok isoflavon yang merupakan senyawa paling aktif dalam kedelai hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan, pemerangkapan •OH dan NO dari ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam (BSE) dan senyawa daidzein. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama bulan September sampai dengan November tahun 2018 di Laboratorium Aretha Medika Utama Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center (BBRC) Bandung. Pemerangkapan •OH dilakukan dengan metode deoksiribosa, sedangkan pemerangkapan radikal NO dilakukan dengan metode menghitung natrium nitroprusida. BSE dan daidzein memiliki aktivitas pemerangkapan •OH dengan nilai IC50 71,07 μg/mL diikuti oleh daidzein 24,57 μg/mL. Aktivitas pemerangkapan NO pada BSE ditunjukkan dengan IC50 71,60 μg/mL sementara daidzein 35,68 μg/mL. Daidzein memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi berdasarkan pemerangkapan •OH dan NO dibanding BSE. Oleh karena itu, daidzein memiliki potensi lebih sebagai antiaging menurut teori penuaan akibat radikal bebas
IL-10 Promoter Polymorphism Distribution among HBsAg-Reactive and HBsAg-Nonreactive Blood Donors
Get PDFHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) serves as a serological marker for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. People with HBV asymptomatic infection might readily donate blood due to the lack of clinical manifestations. Host immunity contributes to susceptibility and progression of infection. A polymorphism in IL-10 gene promoter, rs1800896, might contribute to host immunity. This study was conducted on May 2019 – January 2020 in Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau on 70 blood samples from donors in the Indonesian Red Cross Pekanbaru. Out of these samples, 35 were reactive for HBsAg and 35 donors were nonreactive. Genotyping of rs1800896 was conducted using Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS-PCR). In total, The distribution of AA (74.3%), AG (24.3%), and GG (1.4%) genotypes revealed in this study seemed to be similar to genotype distribution among East and South-East Asian populations. While no significant difference was observed on age mean and gender distribution, a significant difference was identified in genotype distribution between HBsAg status (p-value 0.028) with the percentage of AA genotype was higher among HBsAg-nonreactive donors (85.7%) compared to reactive donors (62.9%). More studies should be conducted to characterize HBsAg-reactive blood donors, including the donor characteristics and the viral genotypes. Such studies should contribute to hepatitis B management in Indonesia. Distribusi Polimorfisme Promoter IL-10 pada Donor Darah dengan HBsAg Reaktif dan Nonreaktif di Pekanbaru Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) merupakan penanda serologis infeksi virus hepatitis B (HBV). Individu dengan infeksi HBV asimptomatik dapat melakukan donasi darah karena tidak adanya gejala klinis. Imunitas inang berkontribusi pada kerentanan dan perkembangan infeksi. Polimorfisme pada promoter gen IL-10, rs1800896, dapat berkontribusi pada imunitas inang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2019 – Januari 2020 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Riau. Sampel diambil adalah 70 darah donor dari Palang Merah Indonesia Pekanbaru, 35 sampel reaktif HBsAg dan 35 sampel nonreaktif. Genotipe rs1800896 dilihat berdasarkan Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS-PCR). Pada populasi studi ini, distribusi genotipe AA (74.3%), AG (24.3%), dan GG (1.4%) sesuai populasi Asia Timur dan Tenggara. Walaupun tidak terdapat perbedaan pada rerata umur dan distribusi jenis kelamin, penelitian ini menemukan perbedaan signifikan pada distribusi genotipe antar kelompok status HBsAg (p-value 0.028), yaitu persentase genotipe AA lebih tinggi pada kelompok donor dengan HBsAg nonreaktif (85.7%) dibandingkan kelompok reaktif (62.9%). Studi lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk karakterisasi donor darah dengan HBsAg reaktif, termasuk gneotipe donor dan virus. Informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat bermanfaat pada manajemen hepatitis B di Indonesia
Nutrition Counseling Need in Burn Patients
Get PDFBurns can increase metabolic responses of the sufferers, making adequate nutrition important for burn patients and needs to be considered in the management of burns. Counseling on the importance of nutrition for burn patients can reduce the risk of burn complications. This study was an intervention study designed to increase the community's knowledge and awareness of the importance of nutrition in burn patients. In this study, a lecture session and discussion session on nutrition in burn patients were held by the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia at the Jatinangor Public Health Center, Sumedang, Indonesia, on August 14, 2019. Of all participants attending this event, thirty-one participants who participated in through the whole agenda of this event were sampled to be the respondents. Data were collected using a pre- and post-test questionnaires consisting of items on basic knowledge, first treatment, and nutrition for burn patients. More women (74%) participated in this study. Most respondents were over 40 years old (39%) and graduated from senior high school (39%). There was a significant increase in knowledge of the respondents before and after counseling the nutrition of burn patients (p<0.05). Thus, counseling is proven to increase knowledge in the general population that it should be performed routinely in various areas. Perlunya Penyuluhan Nutrisi Pada Pasien Luka Bakar Luka bakar dapat meningkatkan respons metabolik penderitanya. Nutrisi adekuat pada pasien luka bakar merupakan hal yang cukup penting dan perlu diperhatikan dalam penatalaksanaan luka bakar. Penyuluhan tentang pentingnya nutrisi untuk pasien luka bakar dapat mengurangi risiko komplikasi luka bakar. Penelitian ini adalah studi intervensi yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya nutrisi pada pasien luka bakar. Dalam penelitian ini, sesi kuliah dan sesi diskusi tentang nutrisi pada pasien luka bakar diadakan oleh Divisi Bedah Plastik, Departemen Bedah, Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, Indonesia di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia, pada 14 Agustus 2019. Dari semua peserta yang menghadiri acara ini, tiga puluh satu peserta yang berpartisipasi melalui seluruh agenda acara ini dijadikan sampel untuk menjadi responden. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah tes yang terdiri atas pengetahuan dasar, pengobatan pertama, dan nutrisi untuk pasien luka bakar. Lebih banyak perempuan (74%) yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Sebagian besar responden berusia di atas 40 tahun (39%) dan lulus dari sekolah menengah atas (39%). Ada peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pengetahuan responden sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan nutrisi pasien luka bakar (p<0,05). Simpulan, penyuluhan terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat bahwa itu harus dilakukan secara rutin di berbagai bidang