E-Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran / E-Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
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Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Fungsi Paru Pada Pekerja Pabrik Pupuk X Di Palembang
No full textFertilizer industry workers are at risk of developing lung function disorders, especially from exposure to ammonia and urea dust. This study aimed to determine the vital lung capacity of workers at Fertilizer Factory X, Indonesia, and the influencing factors. This was a cross-sectional analytic observational study on 78 workers who work as an ammonia unit operators in the factory area who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was done consecutively from December 2019 to January 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire while the pulmonary function measurement was performed using spirometry. Research variables included age, length of work, smoking habits, nutritional status, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and assessment of vital lung capacity. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and the results showed that the vital lung capacity of most respondents was classified as normal (55.1%). There were significant relationships between vital capacity and risk factors for age (p=0.001), length of work (p=0.009), use of PPE (p=0.012), and smoking habits (p=0.020). It is concluded that there is a relationship between vital capacity and age, length of work, use of PPE, and smoking habits in workers of Fertilizer Factory X, Indonesia.Pekerja industri pupuk memiliki resiko terkena gangguan fungsi paru khususnya akibat paparan ammonia, dan debu urea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi paru pada pekerja di Pabrik Pupuk X dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 78 orang pekerja di area pabrik sebagai operator unit ammonia yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan cara consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pengukuran fungsi paru dengan spirometri. Variable penelitian meliputi usia, lama kerja, kebiasaan merokok, status gizi, penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) serta penilaian fungsi paru dengan parameter kapasitas vital paru. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas vital paru sebagian besar responden termasuk dalam klasifikasi normal (55,1%), terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kapasitas vital paru dengan faktor risiko usia (p=0,001), lama kerja (p=0,009), pemakaian APD (p=0,012) dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,020), serta didapatkan bahwa faktor kebiasaan merokok (OR=10,18), penggunaan APD (OR=9,48) dan usia (OR=8,89) merupakan tiga faktor yang paling besar menunjukkan pengaruhnya terhadap gangguan fungsi paru
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Awareness of Human Pappillomavirus Vaccines among Various Ethnicities in Libya
Get PDFBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in increasing the risk of cervical cancer and other cancers. This study aimed to explore the incidence of HPV infection among various ethnicities in Libya. Furthermore, awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccines in the community were explored.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to present HPV infection among cancer cases using the National Cancer Registry of Libya year 2011-2020, including gender, skin color, and ethnicity. Furthermore, awareness and knowledge of the HPV vaccines were assessed using questionnaires distributed through social media. Data were presented in percentage.Results: In total, there were 33,526 (58.1%) infected HPV-related cancers out of 57,620 cancer cases, of whom 25,296 (75.4%) were women and 8,230 (24.6%) were men. Based on cancer sites, the incidence of HPV-related cancers among whites was higher (>63% and more) than blacks except for anal cancer, of which blacks had a slightly higher incidence (54%) in females and 57% in males). Based on ethnicity, native Libyans such as Tabu, Touareg, and Berbers had different cancer sites. Moreover, the knowledge and awareness about HPV and related cancers were very poor among the population in Libya.Conclusions: Although HPV cancers represent a high percentage of cancer burdens among Libyans, awareness and knowledge on HPV and related cancer are lacking. Better education and provision of the HPV vaccines for future generations may eliminate and reduce HPV-related cancers
Pathological Findings of the Lung at Neonatal Autopsy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Period 2016-2019
Get PDFBackground: Infanticide is a criminal act when a mother kills her child at or soon after birth. Considering whether a case has been decided as infanticide, determination of the life of the neonate at birth is imperative. Breath signs from macroscopic and microscopic approacesh and hydrostatic test are useful indicators. This study aimed to explore the lungs pathological findings at autopsy of neonates.Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive observational study, using medical records of neonatal deaths in the Department of Forensics and Medicolegal Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung for the period 2016–2019. Total sampling method was used. Inclusion criteria were neonatal death with presumptive infanticide, had autopsied and microscopic examination as well as neonatal death without putrefaction. Data on macroscopic and microscopic findings as well as the hydrostatic test were presented.Result: In total, 12 of the 42 medical records with data on presumptive infanticide met the inclusion criteria. For macroscopic findings, 7 of the 12 samples had positive results, meaning the lungs had sign of breath. Meanwhile, in microscopic findings 8 of the 12 samples had positive results. For the hydrostatic test, 8 out of 12 samples had positive results. Of the 12 samples, there were four samples that had different results, at least on one variable. Conclusions: Most of the cases are matched with macroscopic, microscopic, and hydrostatic test, but some unmatched data are also found. In order to improve reliability, especially for legal purposes in infanticide, it is necessary to conduct all the examination
Effect of Mangkokan (Polyscias scutellaria) Leaf Extract on Blood Sugar Levels in Alloxan-Induced Male White Rats
Get PDFType 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by insulin resistance and is associated with oxidative stress. In Indonesia, the mean prevalence of diabetes ranges from 1.4% to 1.6%; however, some areas have a much higher diabetes prevalence such as Pekajangan (2.3%) and in Manado (6%). The 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (IBHR) stated that the number of people with DM in Indonesia has reached an alarming rate. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic effect of Polyscias scutellaria on alloxan-induced male Wistar. This was an experimental study conducted in July 2020 in the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University. This study used 25 rats that were grouped into 5 treatment groups: control group (Na-CMC), standard (Metformin), and 3 extract groups with different doses (125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW). Mangkokan leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method. All ratswere induced intraperitoneally using alloxan monohydrate 10% at a dose of 175 mg/kg BW. The parameters used in this study were fasting blood glucose level before induction, after induction, and after treatment and body weight before treatment. It was observed that there was a significant change in blood glucose level between the extract groups. The blood sugar level in the 125 mg/kg BW group was 495.00 mg/dl while in the 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, the blood glucose levels were 317.00 mg/dl and 126.00 mg/dl, respectively, with the 500 mg/Kg BW dose as the most effective dose (P-value = 0.001). Thus, mangkokan leaves have the potential to reduce blood glucose level but are not as good as the standard group
Knowledge of Helminthiasis of People Living in Slum Areas of Bandung District, Indonesia
Get PDFAmong the most prevalent infections worldwide, Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection is the one that affects the poorest and most deprived populations. Data from the WHO shows that more than 1.5 billion people are affected by soil-transmitted helminth diseases globally. In 2010, it was estimated that 819.0 million, 464.6 million, and 438.9 million people around the world were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), respectively, with the Southeast Asia as the region with the highest prevalence of STH. Children’s awareness and knowledge of helminthiasis are essential to reduce the STH infection prevalence. Unfortunately, evaluation on children’s understanding of helminthiasis is still scarce. This study was intended to measure children's knowledge of STH infections and its prevention, especially prevention measures at home, in Bandung District, Indonesia. This study was conducted in March 2021 on 506 children who lived in 15 different subdistricts in Bandung District. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was used for face-to-face interviews with the children. All data were recorded in RedCap apps for further analysis. It was demonstrated in this study that children in Bandung District generally have low-to-medium knowledge on helminthiasis prevention, symptoms, and treatment (85%). Thus, there is an urgent need for an education program on helminthiasis to complement the deworming measures conducted by the local government
Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior on Head and Neck Cancer among Health Workers and Community in Bandung, Indonesia
Get PDFHead and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality in the last three decades. The hidden location of head and neck tumors and their atypical symptoms cause difficulties in diagnosis. Most patients are first diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several factors allegedly related to the incidence of head and neck cancer are knowledge and attitude of the public on early detection of cancer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of health workers and community towards head and neck cancer in Bandung, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study using chi-square test as the statistical test. Subjects for this study were sampled using the proportional cluster random sampling on health care workers and community in 30 community health centers in Bandung City during the period of July–August 2019. Data were obtained through a questionnaire distributed to the subjects. This questionnaire included items on knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards head and neck cancer. Of the 650 respondents, most were 40-49 years old (25%), female (62,2%), patients (74%), high school (49%). The levels of knowledge and attitude have a significant relationship with the behavior of early detection of head and neck cancer (p=0.015). The awareness and knowledge of health workers and community on early detection of head and neck cancer are high in Bandung, Indonesia.
Anti-Aging Activities of Asparagus Gel Ethanol Extract in Cosmetic Gel Agent for Facial Skin
Get PDFAsparagus is a vegetable that contains phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties that scavenges aging-triggering free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the components and anti-aging potentials of Ethanol Extract form Asparagus (EEA). The study was performed in February 2020 at the Pharmacy Laboratory, University of North Sumatera. The EEA was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. An antioxidant assay was performed and the total phenol and flavodoid content were determined using the spectroscopic method. Three gel formulas with different concentrations of EEA was prepared (F1: 1.5%, F2: 2.5%, and F3: 3.5%), and F0 was used as control. The parameters evaluated were moisture, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkle, pigment, sensitivity, and pore. The result showed that asparagus had a moderate antioxidant activity (IC50: 118,992) with the total phenol and flavonoid contents of 15,9407 mg GAE/g and 3,2286 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The highest aging activities was seen in F3 (3.5%), followed by F2 (2.5%) and F1 (1.5%). The percentage of moisture, oil, texture, collagen, wrinkle, spot, sensitivity, and pore recovery were found to be 40.15%, 49.73%, 71.76%, 17.70%, 70.93%, 49.34%, 42.56% and 25.31%, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the EEA Gel at the highest concentration (3.5%) has a high content of phenol and flavonoid which can improve the skin moisture, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkles, spots, sensitivity, and pores, which promotes anti-aging activities
Erythropoiesis Differences in Various Clinical Phases of Dengue Fever using Immature Reticulocyte Fraction Parameter
Get PDFObjective: To determine the mechanism of erythropoiesis that led to anemia using the Immature Reticulocyte Fraction (IRF) parameter in various clinical phases of dengue fever.Methods: This study was a comparative analytical research using secondary data derived from the Dengue-associated Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Thrombocyte Activation (DECENT) research. The study was performed at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from March 2011 to March 2012. Patients were grouped into fever, critical, recovery, and convalescent phases and a healthy control was established. Data collected were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, followed by Friedman test and Mann-Whitney post hoc test.Results: There were 244 subjects participating in this study. The median IRF for all subjects was 4.8% with an IQR of 2.4-8.1%. The values of Immature Reticulocyte Fraction in fever-phase, critical-phase, recovery-phase, convalescent-phase and healthy-control were 1.8% (IQR of 0.5-2.85%), 3.6% (IQR of 1.8-5.0%), 7.05% (IQR of 4.08-11.85%, 7.3 % (IQR of 3.95-9.3%) and 4.1% (IQR of 2.2-6.6%), respectively. There was a significant difference in IRF between groups (p<0.05). The immature Reticulocyte Fraction in fever phase was significantly different from the IRF in other phases and healthy controls (p<0.05).Conclusions:There are changes in erythropoiesis activities detected through the IRF in various clinical phases of dengue infection. Erythropoiesis suppression occurs mainly during the fever phase and starts to be restored in the critical phase. In the recovery and convalescent phases, the erythropoiesis activities increase. This is the first study describing IRF in multiple phases of dengue disease.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Iodine Povidone 1% dan Listerine® sebagai Preparat Perawatan Mulut terhadap Pencegahan Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
Get PDFPerawatan mulut merupakan salah satu cara mencegah ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) pada pasien yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi VAP dan efektivitas preparat antiseptik pada perawatan mulut pasien terintubasi terhadap pencegahan VAP. Penelitian menggunakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal pada 36 pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik pasien yang dirawat di ICU RS Dr. Moewardi bulan Februari–Mei 2017. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok iodine povidone 1% dan Listerine®. Awalnya dilakukan penilaian kebersihan mulut dengan simplified oral hygiene index. Setelahnya, dilakukan perawatan mulut menggunakan salah satu preparat. Setelah 48 jam, dilakukan penilaian ulang kebersihan mulut dan skor clinical pulmonary indicator score (CPIS). Timbul VAP bila skor CPIS ≥6. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney dan independetn t-test. Kelompok iodine povidone 1% memiliki perubahan skor kebersihan mulut dengan selisih yang lebih kecil (0,195) dibanding dengan Listerine® (0,3605). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Listerine® lebih efektif menjaga kebersihan mulut (p=0,024). Listerine® secara signifikan lebih efektif dalam mencegah VAP bila dibanding dengan iodine povidone 1% (p=0,001). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada subjek yang meninggal akibat VAP positif dengan negatif (p=0,280). l Simpulan listerine® memiliki efektivitas lebih tinggi mencegah VAP dibanding dengan iodine povidone 1%.Differences in Effectiveness of Iodine Povidone 1% and Listerine® as Oral Care Preparations in Preventing Ventilator-Associated PneumoniaOral care is one way to prevent VAP in patients using mechanical ventilation. x This study aimed to determine the prevalence of VAP and the effectiveness of antiseptic preparations in the oral care of intubated patients to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). The study used a randomized, single-blind clinical trial in 36 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU of Dr. Moewardi in February –May 2017. The samples were divided into two groups, namely the 1% povidone-iodine group and Listerine®. Initially, oral hygiene was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index. After that, oral care was performed using one of the preparations. After 48 hours, oral hygiene and clinical pulmonaryindicator score (CPIS) scores were reassessed. VAP occurred when the CPIS score was 6. The Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test analyzed the data. The 1% povidone-iodine group changed oral hygiene scores with a minor difference (0.195) than Listerine® (0.3605). It indicated that Listerine® was more effective in maintaining oral hygiene (p=0.024). Listerine® was significantly more effective in preventing VAP when compared with 1% iodine povidone (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in mortality of VAP positive or negative subjects (p=0.280). In conclusion, the use of Listerine® as an oral care preparation is significantly more effective in preventing VAP compared to 1% iodine povidone.VAP merupakan jenis pneumonia yang muncul dalam waktu 48 – 72 jam setelah intubasi. Insidennya mencapai 9 – 27 % dengan tingkat mortalitas yang lebih dari 50 %. Perawatan mulut merupakan salah satu cara mencegah VAP pada pasien yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi VAP dan efektivitas preparat antiseptik pada perawatan mulut pasien terintubasi terhadap pencegahan VAP. Penelitian menggunakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal pada 36 pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok iodine povidone 1% dan Listerine®. Awalnya dilakukan penilaian kebersihan mulut dengan Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Setelahnya, dilakukan perawatan mulut menggunakan salah satu preparat. Setelah 48 jam, dilakukan penilaian ulang kebersihan mulut dan skor CPIS. Timbul VAP bila skor CPIS ≥ 6. Kelompok iodine povidone 1% memiliki perubahan skor kebersihan mulut dengan selisih yang lebih kecil (0,195) dibandingkan Listerine® (0,3605). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Listerine® lebih efektif dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut (p = 0,024). Listerine® secara signifikan lebih efektif dalam mencegah VAP bila dibandingkan dengan iodine povidone 1% (p = 0,001). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada subjek yang meninggal akibat VAP positif maupun negatif (p = 0,280). Dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa listerine® memiliki efektivitas lebih tinggi dalam mencegah VAP dibandingkan dengan iodine povidone 1%
Outcomes of Tuberculous Meningitis Patients with Hydrocephalus with or without Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion
Get PDFBackground: Hydrocephalus is a common complication in tuberculous meningitis patients and is a poor predictor with high mortality and morbidity rates. Therefore, early diagnosis, detection, and treatment of hydrocephalus are important. Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is the process used to drain accumulated fluid in the brain and spinal cord. This study aimed to explore the outcome of tuberculous meningitis patients with hydrocephalus who underwent cerebrospinal fluid diversion and who did not.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, including tuberculosis meningitis patients with hydrocephalus, admitted at the Department of Neurology Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung General Hospital during the period 2018. Functional outcomes were grouped based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale.Results: Of the 55 patients, only 14 (25.5%) underwent cerebrospinal fluid diversion. The outcome of patients with cerebrospinal fluid diversion was 8 of 14 good, 1 of 14 poor, and 5 of 14 died. The outcome of patients without cerebrospinal fluid diversion was 13 of 41 good, 2 of 41 poor, and 26 of 41 died. Most tuberculous meningitis patients with hydrocephalus, with or without the cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure were at an advanced stage with a high mortality rate. Conclusion: The proportion of good functional outcomes in patients with cerebrospinal fluid diversion is higher than in patients without the cerebrospinal fluid diversion.