E-Journal Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran / E-Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
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Effect of Eye Exercises on Computer Vision Syndrome among Medical Students of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Get PDFObjective: To determine the effect of eye exercises on Computer Vision Syndrome among batch 2019 medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, and Indonesia.Methods: This study used analytical true experimental with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Sample consisted of 86 respondents who were divided into two groups: control and experimental (intervention) groups. Each group consisted of 43 respondents who were sampled randomly using the simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) and analyzed using a statistical software application with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant.Results: A decrease in the score of Computer Vision Syndrome in the experimental (intervention) group after the eye exercise was observed with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). Conclusion: Eye exercise has an effect on the Computer Vision Syndrome.
Determinant of Hypertension among Adults in West Java, Indonesia: Analysis of National Basic Health Research Data 2018
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a serious health problem worldwide. Many studies on the determinants of hypertension have been done, however studies in West Java are still very minimal. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for hypertension among adults in West Java, Indonesia.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with a quantitative approach using secondary data from the National Basic Health Research 2018. The final number of individuals sampled was 46,186 people. Data analysis was performed using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression methods.Results: The mean age of the sample was 42.97 years (SD=15.37), and females were the predominant (52.95%). The majority of samples consumed sweet beverages (31.06%) and salty foods more than once a day (29.22%), did not smoke (59.17%), had a normal body mass index (BMI) (53.78 %), and had experienced gum disease and dental problems in the last year (56.75 %). Physical activity in metabolic equivalent task (MET) minute was 5,917.79. There was a significant positive association between age and hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.06 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.05–1.06. Furthermore, the analysis found a significant negative correlation between physical activity and hypertension, with an OR of 0.999 and a 95% CI of 0.9999874–0.9999962.Conclusions: Hypertension is significantly associated with age, whereas physical exercise is negatively associated. Priority should be given to elderly individuals and people with a high BMI for interventions such as routine blood pressure monitoring and education
Outcome of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fractures from Tibial Attachment Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Get PDFObjectives: To analyze the clinical and functional outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation from tibial attachment.Methods: This observational study was conducted at the orthopedics department of a tertiary care medical college. Forty adult patients with PCL avulsion fractures were included in this study based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Patients were followed up for one year. The Lysholm scale and knee society score were used to assess functional outcomes. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Overall, 34 (75 %) males and 6 (15%) females participated in this study with an M: F ratio of 1:0.17. The mean age of affected patients was 37.3 +/- 7.34 years. Out of 40 patients, 29 (72.50%) patients sustained fractures secondary to road traffic accidents, while 7 (17.50%) had sports-related injuries. There was a highly significant improvement in the Lysholm and Knee Society scores from the time of presentation to the final follow-up (P<0.0001). Only 1 (2.5%) patient developed residual joint instability as evidenced by the drawer test result.Conclusion: Patients with posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture treated by Open reduction and internal fixation were found to have excellent results in terms of functional outcomes
Intention to Consume Alcohol among Dayak Adolescents in Sarawak: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior
Get PDFObjectives: To explore the application of a model that integrates various factors that influence Dayak adolescents' intentions to consume alcohol in Sarawak, Malaysia.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2022. Through multistage stratified cluster sampling, 12 districts were selected from 12 divisions. Respondents were selected randomly and were interviewed using a questionnaire.Results: Structural equation modeling was used to test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and explore the relationship between various variables and respondents' intention to consume alcohol. The findings suggest that attitude (β=.22, p<.001), subjective norm (β = .33, p < .001), and perceived behavior control (β =−.41, p<.001) influenced the intention to consume alcohol. In contrast, alcohol consumption was associated with intention (β=.15, p < .001), attitude (β=.20, p<.001), and perceived behavior control (β=−.32, p<.001).Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the TPB model can be used to explore various variables that influence the intention to consume alcohol among Dayak adolescents, with attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control as the variable influencing the intention. This highlights the need for paying attention to those variables when developing age-appropriate strategies that address various social levels to curb alcohol consumption. Given the concerning rates of risky drinking and dependency, school-based health initiatives and focused screening for Dayak adolescents are crucial
AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fib-4 Score, and Pregnancy Outcome of Pregnant Women with Hepatitis B
Get PDFHepatitis B virus infection in pregnancy has become a major concern in many developing countries,. The relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy is complex and puzzling. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy outcomes with the insights into the AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Fib-4 score. This was a cross-sectional study on pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infections who underwent labor at dr. Zainal Abidin Hospital General Hospital, Aceh, Indonesia. Data were collected from the obstetric ward patient medical records from 2017 to 2019 and 77 pregnant women was identified to be infected with hepatitis B virus, of which 44 had complete medical record data and were included in the analysis. The median APRI in this study was 0.30 (0.1-1.2) while the median FIB-4 score was 0.74 (0.3-1.9). Delivery with live births was identified in 42 (95.5%) women. Term pregnancy and vaginal delivery were observed in 39 (88.6%) and 10 (22.7%) women, respectively, Complicated pregnancy was seen in 14 (31.8%) of pregnancies that included complications such as oligohydramnios, HELLP, severe preeclampsia, placenta previa, and premature rupture of membranes. APRI was higher in the stillbirth group (0.5 [0.2-0.8] p = 0.682) and preterm birth group (0.4 [0.2-0.6], p = 0.502). FIB-4 scores were higher in the stillbirth group (1.2 [0.5-1.8], p = 0.517) and preterm birth group (0.9 [0.4-1.9], p = 0.529). Hence, pregnancy does not always worsen liver function and is not related to the natural course of hepatitis B infection. Pregnancy with hepatitis B without fibrosis is not associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Routine liver function examination is needed in pregnant mothers with hepatitis B virus infections
Perceptions of Medical Students in Bandung towards Online and Offline Learning in the Anatomy Laboratory during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFBackground: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that surged throughout the world in 2019 and engulfed Indonesia in 2020 had changed many aspects of people’s activities, significantly when altering the offline anatomy laboratories to online. This study aimed to determine the perspective of medical students in Bandung regarding the learning process in online and offline anatomy laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This descriptive study had used modified questionnaires in previous research with a Likert scale. The respondents were 184 students from the 2018 or 2019 class of the Faculty of Medicine in Bandung, who participated in both online and offline anatomy laboratory learning methods. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method. The data were presented in a frequency table and calculated by SPSS. Results: Regarding ‘material understanding’, most students (57.0%) disagreed that online anatomy laboratory activities were better than offline. In terms of ‘facilities and infrastructure’, 38.0% of students disagreed that online anatomy laboratory learning facilities were more adequate than offline. On the aspect of ‘teacher's perception’, most students agreed (39.0%) that teacher’s performance was better in online anatomy laboratory activities.Conclusion: This study shows that medical students prefer to combine online and offline anatomy laboratory activities
Liver Function Profile of Pediatric Patients with Dengue Viral Infection Admitted to a Tertiary Referral Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textBackground: Dengue infection is endemic in more than 100 countries; 70% of cases occur in Asia. One of dengue infection complication is hepatic dysfunction. The COVID-19 pandemic may cause a delay in seeking treatment and affect severe case of dengue infection when admitted to the hospital. This study aimed to analyze the liver function profile in dengue pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: All patients under 18 with confirmed dengue serology (NS-1 immunochromatography or IgM anti-Dengue (ELISA) test and IgG anti-Dengue (ELISA) test) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 2021–2022 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were categorized based on the modified WHO classification of 2009. Data were processed with SPSS® ver. 25 and analyzed using Chi-Square and One Way-ANOVA.Result: In total, 85 patients were tested for the liver function; most severe dengue patients had abnormal SGOT and SGPT levels (100% vs. 64%). The SGOT and SGPT levels during the initial admission were higher in the severe dengue group (634 U/l and 271 U/l) and significantly different among groups (p=0.001 and p=0.032). The elevated SGOT (1,339 U/l vs. 203 U/l vs. 87.3 U/l; p=0.014) and SGPT (438 U/l vs. 100 U/l vs. 42.8 U/l; p=0.005) levels were higher in the severe dengue group.Conclusion: The severity of dengue is in line with the increase in SGOT and SGPT levels. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the liver dysfunction persists and may be interfered with by delays in dengue treatment. Early recognition and prompt treatment are needed to decrease morbidity and mortality
Expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB in Fetal Membranes of Premature Rupture of Membranes
No full textBackground: Inflammation, either sterile or infection-related, may lead to premature rupture of membranes (PROM). The non-histone nuclear proteins, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) transcription factors have been extensively investigated in many disorders involving inflammatory reactions. This study aimed to determine the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB in fetal membranes of PROM compared with non-PROM.Methods: This study was an analytical observational study with a case-control design, performed from November 2021 to January 2022, including 40 fetal membrane samples (20 PROM and 20 non-PROM), which were obtained from pregnant women treated in the emergency unit of a hospital in Surabaya from August to November 2019 using the non-probability sampling method. The HMGB1 and NF-κB expressions were examined using the immunohistochemical method and further viewed under a light microscope (400x magnification), then assessed by Image-J software. The values were then compared between PROM and non-PROM, and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB in PROM and non-PROM for HMGB1 45.86± 14.21% vs. 8.50± 5.66% expression/mm2; and NF-κB 33.47±5.45% vs. 7.29±4.90% expression/mm2, respectively.Conclusions: PROM groups have significantly higher expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB s, indicating their higher activity and contribution to PROM
Sedative Effects of Intraperitoneal Diazepam in Mice
Get PDFObjectives: To determine the effectiveness of Diazepam in comparison with Phenobarbital.Methods: Twenty-seven male Swiss Webster mice were used and randomly divided into three groups of negative control (NS), positive control (Phenobarbital), and diazepam group. Two tests were performed on these group: the traction Test and the Fireplace Test. Pupillary diameter was also observed.Results: A significant difference based on the Kruskal - Wallis statistical test was observed between the positive control and the diazepam group (0.05).Conclusion: Diazepam has a better sedative effect than Phenobarbital. The sedative effect produced by Diazepam is stronger, with faster onset and longer half-life than the Phenobarbital the positive control. However, different test methods and comparisons should be sought to support this conclusion