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When Life Gives You Lemonade, Hold Onto It
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Leadership Styles Present During Change in Secondary Education
Get PDFThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the leadership styles present during change in secondary education. Four high school teachers, from various districts in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, were interviewed about their experiences with leadership through the change of school structure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the teachers’ perspectives, the researcher determined which leadership styles were present and resulted in a feeling of support during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to understand what leadership styles are present during times of drastic and/or unexpected change. The review of literature provides the reader with a brief overview of prominent leadership styles within the field of education. The leadership styles include invitational, transformational, transactional, situational, and servant. Also in the literature review are a few key leadership traits which include developing a shared vision, trust, lifelong learning, shared leadership, and responding ethically. Two main theories make up the framework for this project, crisis theory and change theory. The five themes discovered in the qualitative analysis include transparent, thoughtful, and complete communication, a quick response from leadership on how to provide instruction, while allowing flexibility of the type of instruction, a show of support by being available and offering themselves and resources, providing opportunity and structure for collaboration, showing trust for staff by responding with grace and providing flexibility as teachers figure out how to best transition to online learning with little to no time or warning
THE IMPACT OF PARTICIPATION IN A MENTORED CYCLING PROGRAM
Get PDFPhysical activity (PA) has the potential to have a positive impact on mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression and self-esteem. In particular, this project focused on self-esteem because low self-esteem can lead to increased risk of developing anxiety or depression. In contrast, high self-esteem can have a protective effect against anxiety and depression. Group PA programs combined with mentorship have been shown to build relationships and enhance self-esteem. The purpose of this DNP project was to determine the impact of participation in a rural midwestern, mentored cycling program on self-esteem in an at-risk adolescent population. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model was used as a theoretical framework. The mentored cycling program, Start the Cycle, involved weekly meetings, for 20 weeks with the end goal of completing a 28-mile bike race. The participants were taught bike maintenance and participated in indoor training and outdoor training. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. A significant difference (p = 0.043) was found when comparing pre and post RSE scores for participants who were participating in the group for the first time. Additionally, self-esteem scores at the beginning of the program were higher in returning members than in the new members (p \u3c 0.05). These total findings support the hypothesis that participation in the cycling group may improve self-esteem in the adolescent population and overall participation in PA
COGNITIVE AND MOTOR PROCESSES IN A VOLLEYBALL SPECIFIC ANTICIPATION TASK
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive and motor processes in a volleyball specific anticipation task with temporal video occlusion. Ten middle blockers of the national 2nd-4th division volleyball league were supposed to anticipate the setting direction presented on a screen, which occluded at three different occlusion times and respond with either a specific blocking movement (motor response) or key press (cognitive response). The participants showed only small significant differences in the kinematics of the block movement between the examined occlusion conditions. The participants showed a variable time of movement initiation with a shorter total duration with later occlusion although the movement time was shorter. The results illustrate a close temporal adaptation of the block movement to the presented setting situation
Effect of Lower Extremities Position on Volleyball Attack Take-off Height
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of volleyball attack take-off technique on the centre of mass (CoM) take-off height. The kinematics of lower extremities at take-off was obtained via 3D motion analysis. Results showed that the group with greater normalised attack height (HA) had greater normalised CoM take-off height (p \u3c 0.01) than the group with lower normalised attack height (LA). Additionally, the HA group had a greater inter-ankle distance at take-off (p \u3c 0.05) than the LA group. There was no significant difference in CoM horizontal distance between the groups. The findings of this study indicate that the normalised CoM take-off height for a volleyball attack is neither influenced by the feet position at take-off nor by the horizontal CoM distance from take-off to ball impact
LATERAL EDGE FRICTION VARIABILITY IN INDOOR SPORTS SHOES
Get PDFIt has previously been speculated that the occurrence and severity of lateral ankle sprain injuries is linked to excessive shoe-surface friction. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of lateral edge friction in indoor sports shoes, and evaluate the variation from the traditional forefoot traction test. Therefore, we modified the ISO:12387:2019 test for slip resistance and positioned the shoe on its lateral edge while simulating a sideways movement. All tests were conducted on an indoor surface. In general, we found that lateral edge friction on average was 22% lower than forefoot friction (p\u3c0.0001). However, linear regression showed that the forefoot test could only explain 63% of the variation in edge friction, thereby suggesting that a lateral test is needed to adequately inform on lateral edge friction. Future research is planned to determine whether a noticeable change in friction coefficient is also a ‘valuable change’, hence potentially having clinical implications for injury prevention
PHYSIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF SHALLOW WATER WALKING: DRAG AND BUOYANCY FORCES AFFECTING THE COST OF TRANSPORT
Get PDFAlthough the physiologic and biomechanical responses of shallow water walking (SWW) have been studied extensively, a physiomechanical model aiming to define the mechanical determinants of cost of transport (C) of SWW is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the SWW by healthy men at different speeds (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 m/s) and depths (knee, hip, umbilical, xiphoid). The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the C response during SWW by healthy men and 2) to propose a physiomechanical model of SWW by determining the C response and its correlation with drag force and buoyancy forces during SWW. The C had a minimal value at intermediary speeds only in the knee depth, while in the other deeper depths, the C presented a monotonic rise with the speed increase. A minimum C was found at hip depth during 0.2 m/s, suggesting an optimization between the effects of buoyancy and drag forces at this condition. These findings could be applied in the exercise prescription of SWW for different populations, as indicators of the relative importance of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces effects on energy expenditure during SWW
DIFFERENCES IN LOWER LEG KINETIC OF SOCCER INSTEP KICKING BETWEEN FEMALE AND MALE PLAYERS
Get PDFWe aimed to clarify the difference in lower leg segment kinetics of soccer instep kicking between female and male players. Instep kicking of seven female and seven male university soccer players were captured at 500Hz. There was no significant difference between female and male groups for peak forward lower leg angular velocity while female players exhibited significantly smaller angular impulse due to knee joint moment than that of male players. On the other hand, female players showed comparable angular impulse due to the interaction moment acting on the lower leg to that of male players. It can be considered that the interaction moment acting on the lower leg of female players may compensate their reduced exertion of knee joint moment during kicking, thereby achieving comparable lower leg angular velocity to that of male players
APPROACH SPEED, LAST STEP CHARACTERISTICS AND TAKE-OFF ACCURACY OF T36 CLASS PARALYMPIC LONG JUMPERS
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the approach speed (VAPP), the characteristics of the last three steps and the accuracy of foot placement at the take-off board (TTB) in T36 Paralympic long jumpers. Nine male finalists in the T36 Class long jump event who competed at the 2012 London Paralympics were analyzed using high speed video cameras and a speed radar gun. Results revealed that VAPP (8.0 ± 0.4 m/s) peaked at a distance of 6.40 ± 3.25 m from the take-off board. Both parameters were significantly correlated with the effective distance of the jump. TTB was 0.14 ± 0.10 m. There was no indication that the last steps were performed using the adequate step length for the proper execution of the “larger penultimate – shorter last step” technique. The adoption of this technique when approaching the take-off board may improve the effectiveness of the approach and aid in achieving a better take-off
IS ACTN3 R577X GENOTYPE ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHT-BEARING INDEX IN MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS?
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the association between weight-bearing index (WBI) and ACTN3 genotype in male college students. Subjects were healthy male college students aged 18 to 21 years old. The maximal static forces of knee extension (leg strength) of the subjects were measured, and WBI was calculated by dividing the leg strength by the subjects’ body weight. Genomic DNA was extracted from each subject using hair strands, and its base sequence determined genotypes in RR, RX, and XX. Welch-type ANOVA revealed that WBI in the XX type was greater than in the RR and RX types despite no significant difference in leg strength and lean body mass among genotypes. Although it is difficult to find apparent or direct evidence to explain this result, some inferences can be proposed, such as compensatory force exertion based on its muscle fibers, regulation in calcineurin via the α-actine-2 gene, or functional enhancement of myoglobin-based endurance slow muscles in XX type may increase muscular activities against gravity, making WBI greater