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SPEED AND SLOPE EFFECTS ON METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT KINEMATICS IN RUNNING
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to describe the effects of running speed and slope on metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint kinematics. 22 male and female runners underwent 3D motion analysis on an instrumented treadmill at three different speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s). At each speed, participants ran at seven slope conditions (downhill: -15%, -10%, -5%, level, and uphill: +5%, +10%, +15%). We found a significant main effect (p \u3c 0.001) of running speed and slope on peak MTP dorsiflexion and a running speed by slope interaction effect (p \u3c 0.001) for peak MTP dorsiflexion velocity. These findings highlight the need to consider running intensity and environmental factors like running surface inclination when considering MTP joint mechanics and technological aids to support runners
Determining influence of landing technique in ground reaction forces
Get PDFThis paper provides and example of problem-based learning to assess effects from landing strategies during drop jumps on ground reaction forces calculated from a wearable accelerometer.
Problem Title: Determining influence of landing technique on ground reaction forces
Course Level: Undergraduate Introductory.
Learning Outcomes: Determine the effects of landing technique on ground reaction forces Calculate ground reaction force from body worn accelerometer data Discuss the relationship between force and time when the change in momentum is controlled Analyse and apply the data obtained to design a training progra
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING VERTICAL JUMP HEIGHT IN SPORT
Get PDFProblem Title: Comparison of methods for calculating vertical jump height in sport
Course Level: Second-year undergraduate.
Learning Outcomes: Describe the principles behind calculating jump height from impulse and from flight time Apply the impulse-momentum relationship and relevant equation of motion separately to calculate jump height from net impulse and from flight time Explain the potential limitations of each approach and their implications for the accuracy of the calculation
Importance of reference points in orientation in a current by juvenile mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)
No full textRecent studies on the dispersal-relevant behavior of marine fish larvae suggest that they possess the behavioral capabilities necessary to directly affect dispersal outcomes. Current research has shifted to determining to what extent larvae and young juveniles can manage their dispersal, as well as what sensory cues they can use for orientation and settlement. There is little contemporary data to suggest that larvae can detect the speed and direction of current without an external reference, which suggests that they lack control over their trajectories and eventual settlement location. The mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) is a species of marine killifish that inhabits and breeds in shorelines and tidal creeks, where juveniles may be subject to both tidal and North Atlantic currents. It is important to determine if an external reference in the form of a fixed visual cue influences ability to hold position in a consistent flow, as this has implications for population demographics and connectivity. Individual juveniles from two different growth stages were each placed into round white trial tanks, one left blank and one with black markings for visual reference. Average middle current speeds for the reference and control tanks were 0.1 and 0.092 m/s respectively. Each tank had a slow current zone above and below the middle current. Time spent per zone was recorded to see if the juveniles chose to orient towards a visual reference. Further analysis using Noldus Ethovision is ongoing; however, preliminary observations suggest that the references are important to the maintenance of position in the chamber
Bystanders’ Ability to Provide High Quality CPR Through Fatigue
No full textImmediate activation and adequate performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are imperative to the survival of individuals in cardiac arrest. More than 350,000 cardiac arrests occur outside of the hospital each year, making immediate bystander CPR imperative to survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the average bystanders’ ability to provide high quality CPR through fatigue in multiple scenarios. Specifically examining the amount of CPR training, strength of the bystander, endurance of the bystander, and emotional stability of a bystander to perform under stress. Forty adult participants (male n=27, female n=13) completed a questionnaire regarding their level of CPR training, upper body strength, and level of fitness. Next, they performed individual rescuer and two-person CPR until fatigue or 5 or more mistakes were made. Both fatigue (52.5%) and mistakes (47.5%) were encountered in the single rescuer scenario as a reason to stop CPR. The two-rescuer situation identified that distractions in a simulated situation can affect the quality of CPR and cause more mistakes to be made (90%=mistakes, 10%= fatigue). Mistakes made were a poor representation of time to fatigue as many bystanders are not up-to-date on CPR certification. Therefore, time to fatigue should represent the participants’ time to stop rather than mistakes as even poor CPR is more beneficial than no CPR. An individual’s level of fitness and strength are factors that increase time to fatigue during high-quality CPR. Strength and level of fitness are qualities that can positively affect the survivability of a cardiac arrest victim
Lake Superior Drowning in Microplastics
Get PDFBillions of microplastic particles litter the shores and waters of Lake Superior. However, the ecological impact of microplastics on the flora and fauna of Lake Superior have not been fully realized. Microplastic saturation of our waterways affects us by suffocating our natural ecosystems and contaminating our food and water sources. Beyond monitoring, however, research relating to potential solutions remains limited. Our goal is to encourage continued research into the ecological impacts of microplastics in the Lake Superior ecosystem, while increasing awareness in the community about microplastic contamination. To accomplish our goal, we conducted an extensive literature review to examine the ecological implications of microplastic contamination on aquatic ecosystems. Through synthesis of primary sources, a baseline understanding of the issue in the region was determined, including potential solutions to be taken. Our team is working to develop this baseline to share with the community, as well as justify the continuance of solution-based research. Beyond the Lake Superior region, research on microplastics in freshwater systems can be broadly applied along with research on remediation efforts
Gender and Social Dimensions of Solar Development in the Upper West region of Ghana
Get PDFAs a Freshman Fellow, I assisted on research with the Illume Lab uncovering the gender, political, and social dimensions of the Kaleo-Lawra Solar Plant in the Upper West region of Ghana. The Upper West is an arid region with little natural resources and a low per capita income. Most citizens work in the agricultural sector, which is lucrative for the scant amount of rainfall. The proposal of the 35-megawatt solar park came as a part of the country’s efforts to reduce business of usual greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by 2030. The project was funded in its entirety by the German government. Energy distribution in both Kaleo and Lawra falls to the Volta River Authority (VRA). This research examines the relationship between gendered livelihoods, renewable development, and climate change vulnerability. Using a mixed-methods approach, I break down raw data from 407 surveys. Also provided is an analysis of oral interviews and photographs from locals affected by the project. Preliminary data has found that farmers were compensated for enclosed land and some women were employed at the parks. Special attention is placed on specific gender impacts, like employment and compensation for lost land, as is the public perception of the plant, economic changes, fulfillment of promises by developers, and the impact on daily life. Geographic research of this caliber is crucial to creating a sustainable world in a socially conscious, responsible, equitable way
The Social Construction of Language: Identity, Reality, and Trauma in American Composition Courses
Get PDFThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the ways in which instructors have the potential to reinforce or disrupt systems of oppression and power in the composition classroom through language, writing, and rhetoric. I draw upon pedagogical and rhetorical theorists, to analyze how language closely interacts with identity and how it impacts an individual\u27s understanding and perception of reality. I consider how texts utilize language to communicate normative citizenship and challenge students\u27 conceptions of the world around them, and how to teach from an anti-racist perspective that incorporates critical pedagogy and does not focus solely on minoritized communities’ trauma narratives. Chapter one connects the social construction of language and how it is utilized as an institutional tool to enforce systemic oppression and destabilize a student’s reality. Chapter two focuses on the inequity composition courses and universities perpetuate, and the potential pitfalls of overfocusing on trauma narratives in anti-racist pedagogies– ultimately revealing that an equitable classroom where students’ discourse communities are respected is the most optimal space to encourage critical literacy and lifelong inquiry
Only Underwater Can We Breathe: The Book of Mermaid Contemplations
No full textIn recent years, mermaids have become a cultural zeitgeist. Judging by American women’s ongoing and increasing interest in watching, writing about, and performing as mermaids, many women feel empowered by the mermaid’s hybrid body. Yet there are darker depths to the mermaid myth that continue to be ignored in contemporary mermaid entertainment. In Hans Christian Andersen’s tale, Disney’s animated film, and almost every other Western mermaid myth, the mermaid has been constrained, silenced, and victimized, isolated from her female lineage and genuine female relationships for centuries. Like the mermaid, the female body in the American entertainment industry has been exposed, confined, and advertised as a spectacle, an instrument of beauty, a natural resource, and a home for male fantasies. Swimming film stars Annette Kellermann and Esther Williams, the Legendary Weeki Wachee mermaids, and my grandmother were objectified and silenced by men and by their own internalized patriarchal codes. Weaving film history, personal contemplation, and popular mermaid stories into fragmented lyric essays and poems, Only Underwater Can We Breathe: The Book of Mermaid Contemplations articulates the narratives of femininity, memory, and the female body in an attempt to relocate the mermaid figure in women’s voices instead of male fantasies. By infusing the traditional narrative with intergenerational women’s stories, cycles, and bodies, I hope to give the mermaid what has only rarely been offered to her in American popular culture—a female voice
A systematic review: The effect of prophylactic braces on reducing risk factors related to ACL injury in athletes
Get PDFPurpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common sports-related injuries as they account for around 100,000 injuries per year. This study sought to review research on prophylactic knee bracing (PKB) for the reduction of the risk factors related to injury of the ACL.
Methods: An extensive search of articles from 1990-2021 was performed with inclusion criteria of no previous ACL injury, no knee injury or surgery in the past 6 months, the use of a hinged knee brace, and use of kinetic, kinematic, and proprioceptive variables. All studies underwent a PEDro score evaluation to determine article quality. All relevant variables were then compared on a braced vs unbraced basis with further evaluation via two brace categories of fit and type.
Results: Four selected articles were included in the review where kinematic, kinetic, and proprioceptive data were assessed. The custom braces led to greater improvements in mechanisms of injury than the generic counterparts. The other category, type, saw the hinged braces perform better with most kinematic and proprioceptive variables. The primary exception was knee flexion which saw one hinged brace have increased knee flexion while one saw a decrease. Additionally, the non-hinged brace saw an increase in knee flexion.
Conclusion: The analysis of the results allowed for the recommendation that the current research shows the most effective bracing protocol to involve custom, hinged braces. These types of braces allowed for the greatest improvement of the factors related to mechanisms of injury for the ACL. Future research should evaluate different types of braces, varied athlete populations of different ages, and usage of consistent variables to allow a more direct comparison of braces