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Maternal Determinants and Early Diagnosis of Language Disorders
Get PDFThe speech, language, and hearing sciences are currently on the rise. These professionals–speech-language pathologists–focus on finding underlying communication impairments within individuals and then develop techniques for their assessments and treatments. They can assist anyone from small children with a fluency disorder such as a stutter to an adult who has recently experienced a stroke and is now suffering from dysarthria–slurred speech associated with an injury or muscle weakness. However, with this said, there is currently an issue with individuals, children primarily, getting an early language disorder diagnosis. In other words, several children with a language disorder are going unnoticed. An early diagnosis is vital because it can prevent children from falling behind their peers in school, and it increases the possibility that their language skills improve over time. Currently, there are assumptions that parents, primarily mothers, are key to an early diagnosis for their children. Thus, the main question of this project is: Is there a correlation between maternal determinants–awareness and access to resources–and the early diagnosis of language disorders? To answer this question, a literature review was conducted. Recent studies looking at children with language disorders and relating them to their mothers’ backgrounds were analyzed. Significant findings from these studies were noted and compared in an essay. It was found that children with language disorders are not being appropriately diagnosed due to a number of factors. The most significant factors were parents not being knowledgeable about the field of speech-language pathology and there not being optimal methods to guarantee an early diagnosis as of yet. It was also found that demographics played a role as well. Ultimately, there is much room for future research due to the lack of data on some language disorders and optimal methods for early diagnosis
Efficacy of Psychoactive Treatments Examined in Contextual-Fear Conditioned Paradigms Used to Elicit Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Mice Models
No full textPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be characterized as a complex mental disorder by its complications in cognitive functioning and behavioral deficits often onset by a traumatic event in one\u27s life. Due to the limited efficacy of therapeutic interventions, the current treatment for this disorder includes psychotherapy, exposure based therapy, and medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) cultivated for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Within recent years, different psychoactive substances with known psychotropic and hallucinogenic effects have been reviewed as novel treatments for acute stress disorders. Fear eliciting paradigms are used to represent the acute stress symptoms that facilitate post-traumatic stress disorder. This study will implement multiple aversive shock stimuli to evoke contextual based fear. A sample size of 12 adult mice will be placed into operant chambers and will be conditioned with an aversive stimulus. Four hours after the aversive stimuli, half of the mice will be injected with a psychoactive treatment and half will receive the control. Twenty four hours after the aversive stimuli, the mice will be placed back into the chamber to monitor for freezing behaviors. Additionally, mice will be placed into an open field apparatus to assess for symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. We expect to see fear dysregulation and fear generalization within novel contexts in our control group, and decreased fear responses to the aversive context and a novel open field context
Decolonizing Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Beliefs and Practices in Entrepreneurship by the Anishinaabeg
No full textIn this presentation, Bazile Panek, an enrolled member of the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, will be sharing some of the results from his ongoing research project titled, “Decolonizing Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Beliefs and Practices in Entrepreneurship by the Anishinaabeg.” Panek combined two disciplines; Native American Studies and Entrepreneurship to shape the study’s direction.
In his book Decolonizing Wealth, Edgar Villanueva (Lumbee) states that “Money should be a tool of love, to facilitate relationships, to help us thrive than to hurt and divide us. If it’s used for sacred, life-giving, restorative purposes, it can be medicine.” This study centers the seemingly contradictory thought of “money as medicine” to examine entrepreneurial practices of the Anishinaabe people in both a historical and contemporary context. Panek analyzed texts that include accounts of such practices in addition to oral interviews he conducted with current Anishinaabe business owners to compare decolonizing practices.
This presentation will discuss findings from the ongoing study and the multiple steps needed to complete the Decolonizing Entrepreneurship project. It will include a short description of the research process, including the Indigenous research approaches used, and a brief summary of findings from the historical texts as well as the oral interviews that reveal decolonizing practices currently taking place in entrepreneurship by the Anishinaabe people
RELATING METABOLIC PHENOTYPES TO MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR IN BROOK TROUT
Get PDFBrook trout movement-related life history strategies vary considerably and range from individuals that stay within the same 100 meters their entire life to individuals that are potamodromous or anadromous. Potential drivers of movement life histories have been the subject of much research in fish, with genetic subpopulation explanations often failing to explain the phenomenon. Metabolic phenotypes have been suggested as a possible driver for expression of different movement life histories. I investigated if metabolic phenotypes are related to movement strategies within a population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Unnamed Creek, a tributary to the Rock River, Alger County, MI. Intermittent flow respirometry was used in the field using ambient stream water to determine metabolic phenotypes of wild trout. Individuals were then tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT) and tracked with stationary readers and a backpack reader during the summer. Brook trout that moved over 250m displayed a significantly larger aerobic scope than individuals that moved less than 250m. Temperature effects on metabolic measures were not detected among the brook trout in this study, but this could be due to wild acclimation to a range of temperatures rather than a single value.. This study suggests that brook trout metabolic phenotypes are variable between individuals and likely relate to movement phenotype under natural field conditions
INCREASE IN 1RM BACK SQUAT AFTER ABDOMINAL STABILIZING MANEUVERS
Get PDFIncreasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during free weight exercises can protect the lumbar spine from excess movement; a cause of lower back pain. Abdominal bracing (AB) and abdominal hollowing (AH) are two stabilizing maneuvers that increase IAP. Previous literature primarily compared AH and AB in therapy settings on bodyweight single joint movements. The effect of AB and AH during a multi-joint movement involving a maximum or near maximum external load is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of AB and AH on lower limb muscle activity and the maximum amount of external weight lifted during a 1RM back squat protocol. Mean-normalized surface electromyography of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, rectus abdominis, external oblique and erector spinae were analyzed in well trained individuals (n=13). A 1RM back squat protocol was performed under three conditions: control session, AB and AH. A significant difference was found between maximum external load lifted during both AB (124.39kg ± 8.77) and AH (123.46kg ± 8.84) conditions compared to the control day (120.53kg ± 8.71). No significant differences for the muscle activity were found under the conditions at the same weight, however, analyzing the max weight at every condition showed a significant difference of BF during AH (p=0.04). In summary, abdominal stabilizing maneuvers, AB and AH, increases 1RM back squat weight. As the increase in weight lifted cannot be accounted for by an increase in prime mover muscle activity, more research is needed to establish what caused the increase
REDUCING CENTRAL LINE-ASSOCIATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS AT A RURAL MIDWESTERN HOSPITAL THROUGH AN EVIDENCE-BASED NURSE-LED PRACTICE CHANGE INTERVENTION
Get PDFCentral line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are responsible for increased patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, despite being a preventable harm (Barnes et al., 2015; Furuya et al., 2016). Evidence-based (EB) research suggests that the use of central line bundles is the most effective way to reduce CLABSIs in hospitals (Barnes et al., 2015; Furuya et al., 2016). Researchers have also found a statistically significant correlation between nurse compliance with bundle components and CLABSI rates (Aloush & Alsaraireh, 2018; Furuya et al., 2016). The purpose of this study was to determine if a nurse-led collaborative that focused on CLABSI reduction using EB prevention strategies, with an emphasis on maintenance bundles, in the form of a Central Line Adult Point Prevalence Tool (CLAPPT), was successful in decreasing CLABSIs at a rural Midwestern hospital. Nurse compliance with the CLAPPT following formal education was also explored. A retrospective analysis of CLABSI rates pre- and post-intervention and nurse compliance was performed. The results of this study showed CLABSI rates and number of catheter days increased, despite an improvement in nurse compliance with the interventions. The global pandemic of 2020 caused the focus of U.S. hospitals to shift from best hospital acquired infection (HAI) control practices to COVID-19 mitigation, which led to an uptick in HAIs nationwide (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.-d). Unfortunately, this healthcare facility was no exception
BIOMECHANICS AND JOINT COORDINATION IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT-INJURED FEMALE FOOTBALLERS DURING A 90° CHANGE OF DIRECTION
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical predictors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in female football players by means of 3D motion capture with vector coding. Women\u27s first-division healthy football players (n=16) performed a series of 90° change of directions. Biomechanics was collected through a marker-based optoelectronic system. In the next 2 consecutive football seasons, 4 ACL injuries were registered. Vector cording technique was used to compare angle-angle coordination between ACL-injured and non-injured players. ACL-injured players showed greater knee valgus (p=0.029) and internal rotation (p=0.017), external hip rotation (p=0.003), ankle eversion (
INFLUENCE OF STROKE RATE ON CORE STABILITY AND ROWING ERGOMETER PERFORMANCE
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the stroke rate on rowing ergometer performance and more specifically on core stability. Twenty expert rowers performed 2 one-minute bouts at 20 and 34 strokes per minute, on a RowPerfect3 ergometer. The high stroke rate induced larger handle and trunk power production and delayed trunk extension during the drive phase. The analysis of co-activation ratios didn’t help the understanding of the differences induced by the stroke rate manipulation, but higher abdominal muscles activation was reported, that should help stabilizing the trunk, while power, along with stroke rate, increased. These findings could help trainers to better adapt the stroke rate to the different purposes, i.e. power or technique, of the training
ACUTE EFFECTS OF SMALL CHANGES IN BICYCLE SADDLE HEIGHT ON PEDALLING COORDINATION
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyse the acute effects of small changes in bicycle saddle height on pedalling coordination, using vector coding analysis. Lower extremity kinematic data were collected from ten well-trained cyclists while they pedalled at three different saddle heights in random order: preferred, 2% higher and 2% lower than preferred position. A modified vector coding technique and circular statistics were used to quantify coordination for selected hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle joint couplings. The results indicate that modifications in saddle height produced moderate alterations in the frequency of movement patterns, which were not enough to alter the classification of coordination. The small modifications observed were in the direction of increasing the frequency of the proximal coordinative pattern as the saddle height decreased